3 CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR JAVAN RHINOCEROS
3.1 Targets
The principles of conservation biology and especially the process of Population and Habitat Viability Analyses PHVA on all five rhino species provide guidelines for the minimum numbers
and distribution of rhino to ensure genetic variability for fitness and adaptability and demographic security. These guidelines argue for global populations of 2,000 to 3,000 of each species
distributed over at least five separate protected areas, each of which should be capable of accommodating a minimum of 100 rhino, preferably more. It is highly desirable to have two or
more protected areas with populations of 400-500 rhino each.
The long-term target for Javan rhino conservation in Indonesia is therefore to have 1,000 animals in one population of 400–500 animals, two to three populations of at least 100 animals and two
to three populations of less than 100 animals.
Based on a potential annual growth rate of 3
1
, the immediate targets for the number of Javan rhinos are as follows:
Until 2007
Sta pop
of 5 By 2015
70 By 2025
100 By 2035
140 By 2045
200 By 2055
280 By 2065
390 By 2075
550
3.2 Goal and Objectives
The ultimate goal of the Rhino Century Program strategy and action plan is to create conditions conducive to and then to actually develop viable populations of Javan rhinos in the wild.
In the short term 2007–2012 the following objectives will be pursued to contribute towards fulfilling the long-term goal:
4
The Javan rhino population of Ujung Kulon NP grew at about 7 year in the period 1967 – 1981 25 to 63 animals. The White Rhinoceros population in South Africa has grown at about 6 after recovering from about 50
animals in 1900 to 1,700 in 2000. Similarly, the Indian rhino population grew at about 6 year when recovering from about 100 animals in the early 1900’s to about 3,000 nowadays.
5
Sanctuary in the context of this document means a very large enclosed area of natural habitat that may serve multiple functions for rhino conservation, including 1 a transition and assessment area for rhinos that are to be
translocated; 2 a study area to expand knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of these still little known species, andor 3 to produce offspring in a secure and managed situation for eventual release into the wild.
1. Maintain and than expand by 20 the wild population in Ujung Kulon National Park. 2. Establish one additional wild population elsewhere through translocations after identifying
and securing adequate 400,000 ha additional habitat. 3. Establish one Javan rhino sanctuary to back up the in-situ conservation program.
RHINO CENTURY PROGRAM
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