13
The suvey of the coral bleaching event in Fiji was based on a sample of three localities which were representative of three regions of increasing latitude. The northern site is where the coral bleaching
was minimal. The mid-region was southern Vanua Levu. The third area was southern Viti Levu. These latter areas shared habitats that represented examples of severe, moderate and minimal
influence. With in the later two localities contrasting habitats of reef front, inshore reef and reef at depth.
4.1 Northern Vanua Levu Survey
In order to confirm the observations of the aerial survey, site surveys were carried out in the reef areas north of Labasa. These areas were relatively isolated from the waters to the south of the
Vanua Levu. The degree and duration of the elevated temperatures in this area was substantially less than the areas south of the main islands. Only a minor amount of bleaching was observed. The
surveys involved five habitats. Following are the survey results.
4.1.1 Site 1: Vorovoro I., Southern Side
The first site is the inshore area located on the southern side of Vorovoro Island opposite the Qawa River. It is characterised by soft sediments and general inshore conditions. No bleaching was
observed in this area of low diversity and coral cover. The Reef Check survey of fish and mobile invertebrates reflected the low diversity and was characterised by didemnid sea urchins whose
herbivorus, detrital feeding diet makes them common in areas of reef rock which is covered by a thin algal layer.
Vorovoro I. Southern Side
Taxa N
Total Mean
Std. Max.
Min. Percent
Intercept cm
Dev. Cover
Coral Porites sp. Massive
2 2300
460 356
1000 0.0
21.90 Psammocora sp.
1 800
800 800
800 7.62
Substrate Rock
1 4800
2400 400
2800 2000
45.71 Sand
1 2600
870 602
1700 300
24.76 Total 97.8m
Total 100
Fish
Butterfly Fish
Sweetlip Haemulidae
Snapper Lujanidae
Grouper 30cm
Humphead Wrasse
Cheilinus undulatus
Bumphead parrotfish
Bulbometo pon sp.
Lobster
Invert- ebrates
Banded Coral
shrimp Stenopus
hispidus Diadema
urchins Pencil
urchins Hetero-
Centrotus mammilatu
s Sea
cucumber edible only
Crown-of – thorns star
Acanth- aster
Giant clam Tridacna
sp. Triton
shell Charonia
tritonis 8
1
14
4.1.2 Site 2: Barrier Reef North of Labasa: Northeast corner of channel
This site is located on the northeast seaward edge of the main channel, which enters through the Cakaulevu Barrier reef. This area was characterised by moderate wave action. It was Acropora
dominated, particularly tabulate or plate-like species, and should have been affected by the coral bleaching if it had occurred. The dominant species in the area was Acropora hyacinthus and A.
humulis. Living coral cover was moderate at
59.25. There was no sign of bleaching in this area.
.Due to the wave action there were few invertebrates seen. The most abundant recorded fish were Chaetodons and snappers Lujanus kasmira. Several parrotfish and surgeonfish were seen.
Barrier Reef North of Labasa: Northeast corner of channel
Taxa N Total
Intercept Mean
Std. Max.
Min. Percent
Cover
Coral Acropora aculeus
1 10
10 10
10 0.50
Acropora sp. 2
70 35.0
5.0 40.0
30.0 3.50
Acropora humilis 7
155.0 22.1
13.1 50.0
10.0 7.75
Acropora hyacinthus 12
695.0 57.9
25.6 100.0
20.0 34.75
Acropora monticulosa 1
20.0 20.0
0.0 20.0
20.0 1.00
Acropora nasuta 1
10.0 10.0
0.0 10.0
10.0 0.50
Acropora sarmentosa 2
60.0 30.0
20.0 50.0
10.0 3.00
Acropora secale 1
30.0 30.0
0.0 30.0
30.0 1.50
Hydnophora exesa 1
45.0 45.0
0.0 45.0
45.0 2.25
Pocillopora eydouxi 3
70.0 23.3
12.5 40.0
10.0 3.50
Pocillopora verrucosa 1
20.0 20.0
0.0 20.0
20.0 1.00
Total 59.25 Algae
Coralline algae 6
465.0 77.5
44.1 170.0
30.0 23.25
Substrate Rubble 1
20.0 20.0
0.0 20.0
20.0 1.00
Old dead coral 1
50.0 50.0
0.0 50.0
50.0 2.50
Sand 3
280.0 280
0.0 280
280 14.00
Total 20m Total 17.50
Total 100
Fish
Butterfly Fish
Sweetlip Haemulidae
Snapper Lujanidae
Grouper 30cm
Humphead Wrasse
Cheilinus undulatus
Bumphead parrotfish
Bulbo- metopon
sp. Lobster
4 1
Invert- ebrates
Banded Coral
shrimp Stenopus
hispidus Diadema
Urchins Pencil
urchins Hetero-
centrotus mammilatu
s Sea
cucumber edible only
Crown-of – thorns star
Acanth- aster
Giant clam Tridacna
sp. Triton
shell Charoni
a tritonis
2
15
This table is the combination of three transects on different sites inside of the barrier reef. These areas are Gunasara Reef 3a and two sites on the back reef are of the Cakaulevu Reef 3b,c.
Inner Cakaulevu barrier Reef areas North of Labasa
Taxa N
Total Mean Std.
Max. Min.
Percent Intercept
Dev. Cover
Coral Acropora humilis
2 40.0
20.0 10.0
30.0 10.0
0.80 Acropora hyacinthus
3 70.0
23.3 12.5
40.0 10.0
1.40 Acropora intermedia
2 55.0
27.5 12.5
40.0 15.0
1.10 Acropora millepora
2 60.0
30.0 10.0
40.0 20.0
1.20 Acropora muricata
1 40.0
40.0 0.0
40.0 40.0
0.80 Acropora nasuta
3 70.0
23.3 12.5
40.0 10.0
1.40 Acropora sp.
4 160.0
40.0 10.0
50.0 30.0
3.20 Diploastrea heliopora
1 130.0 130.0
0.0 130.0 130.0 2.60
Favites pentagona 1
20.0 20.0
0.0 20.0
20.0 0.40
Fungia sp. 1
10.0 10.0
0.0 10.0
10.0 0.20
Goniastrea sp. 2
20.0 10.0
0.0 10.0
10.0 0.40
Goniastrea reniformis 1
20.0 20.0
0.0 20.0
20.0 0.40
Porites cyclindrica 1
90.0 90.0
0.0 90.0
90.0 1.80
Porites sp. massive 7
160.0 22.9
10.3 40.0
10.0 3.20
Porites rus 3
265.0 88.3
42.9 140.0 35.0
5.30 Pocillopora verrucosa
1 25.0
25.0 0.0
25.0 25.0
0.50 Seriatapora hystrix
2 50.0
25.0 5.0
30.0 20.0
1.00 Algae Coralline algae
8 685.0
85.6 68.4 215.0
20.0 16.70
Other soft coral 10
680.0 68.0
50.8 190.0 10.0
13.60 Sinularia sp.
1 10.0
10.0 0.0
10.0 10.0
0.20 Tunicates
1 20.0
20.0 0.0
20.0 20.0
0.40 Substrate new dead coral
1 20.0
20.0 0.0
20.0 20.0
0.40 old dead coral
3 265.0
88.3 37.0 140.0
55.0 5.30
Rock 17
1155.0 67.9
52.5 220.0 10.0
23.10 Sand
6 880.0 146.7
59.1 240.0 70.0
17.60 Total 50m
Total 100
Fish
Butterfly Fish
Sweetlip Haeulidae
Snapper Lujanidae
Grouper 30cm
Humphe ad
Wrasse Cheilin
us undulatu
s Bumphead
parrotfish Bulbo
metopon sp.
Lobster
9 8
1
Invert- ebrates
Banded Coral
shrimp Stenopus
hispidus Diadema
Urchins Pencil
urchins Hetero-
centrotus mammilatus
Sea cucumber
edible only Crown-
of – thorns
star Acanth-
aster Giant clam
Tridacna sp.
Triton shell
Charonia tritonis
5 1
1 6
16
4.1.4 Site 4: Cakaulevu Reef near Kia I.
