KINERJA APPROACHES e1cf910f f031 471d a16c fad6cbee9be5

Tata Kelola Biaya Operasional Satuan Pendidikan BOSP 8 www.kinerja.or.id KINERJA interventions include three components: 1. Improve education and health services and strengthen service users; 2. Increase existing innovative practices and support local governments to test and adopt promising approaches to educational service provision; 3. Expand successful innovations nationally and support organizations in Indonesia to provide and replicate improved services to other local governments. By working on both the supply and demand side constraints, KINERJA applies principles of transparency, accountability, participatory and responsiveness throughout the program implementation. Education Governance Principles KINERJA believes that education is the foundation of Indonesia’s future. Kinerja supports four educational pillars: a funding; b teacher availability; c effective teacher management; and d improved education standards. In the education sector, KINERJA implements BOSP, PTD, and SBM programs in 17 districts across four provinces Aceh, East Java, West Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. The educational programs are implemented based on the following principles: • Engagement of relevant agencies. Education programs should not only be implemented by DEOs, but also involve other local agencies such as Bappeda, Organizational and Management Unit, Finance Unit, Legal Unit and DPRD. The engagement of these agencies is crucial during the implementation period. • Engagement of multi-stakeholder forums. On the demand user side, community engagement is essential because communities are obligated to participate in education delivery as mandated by legislation. Community participation also ensures that education programs are implemented with transparency and accountability . • Sustainability. Education programs can be sustainable if there are clear benefits for citizens, and local governments and communities can monitor the program implementation through multi-stakeholder forums. Tata Kelola Biaya Operasional Satuan Pendidikan BOSP 9 www.kinerja.or.id BOSP Governance Principles In addition to the education governance principles described above, BOSP governance is based on the following principles: 1. The allocation of funds to schools should be monitored to ensure that the BOSP program implementation is appropriate and that it is continuously refined and improved over time. 2. BOSP calculations should be based on school needs rather than the demands of principals or teachers, and should accommodate the aspirations of students, parents and communities. 3. BOSP calculations should use valid and up-to-date data. For this purpose, good data management within the DEO and the school is a key requirement. 4. Highlight achievements of PSS, MSS and NES so that school funding is more directed at improving public services, achieving minimum service standards and attaining higher quality education. 5. BOSP program should be based on local regulations District Head Regulations to ensure sustainability. 6. Local governments must respond to and manage public complaints. Complaints regarding the schools’ finances may be used as a mechanism to improve allocation of funds. 7. Program sustainability will not only close annual gaps but also increase school funding in order to achieve MSS. Tata Kelola Biaya Operasional Satuan Pendidikan BOSP 10 www.kinerja.or.id

CHAPTER 2 KINERJA’S EXPERIENCE

WITH BOSP GOVERNANCE Local Conditions Many districts have launched free education programs without knowing the exact amount of funds needed per school to implement such programs and activities in order to achieve the minimum service standards as mandated by law. Consequently about 70 of schools have failed to achieve minimum standards. For schools with insufficient operational funding, statements and promises of free schooling complicate schools’ efforts to seek financial support from other sources. People perceive that the government national or local has already covered all the financial needs of the schools. In reality, this is not the case. For example, the Provincial Government of South Sulawesi launched a free education program by allocating Rp 48,000 per elementary school student per year. In fact, this amount did not cover school operational costs as the BOSP analysis showed that a total operational cost of Rp 837,000 per student per year is needed. After deducting BOS grants Rp 580.000, the provincial government must still pay a deficit of Rp 209,222. Thus, BOSP analysis is very beneficial. Tata Kelola Biaya Operasional Satuan Pendidikan BOSP 11 www.kinerja.or.id How KINERJA launched the initiative

1. Commitment of District Heads, Local Legislative Councils DPRD and Stakeholders

KINERJA’s partner districts launched BOSP initiatives through intensive discussions with KINERJA. Some partner districts recognized the importance of more systematic BOSP calculations and agreed to cooperate by signing a memorandum of understanding MOU between district heads and KINERJA. Discussions are also conducted with DPRD, in particular with the commissions responsible for education and budget. These discussions are crucial to reach consensus between the executive and legislative branches so that the program and budget would be approved and DPRD and the BOSP calculations are included in the District Government Annual Budget APBD. In addition, discussions are also conducted with community and CSO leaders. Community engagement encourages an implementation process that is transparent and accountable. KINERJA’s experience shows that the program could be successfully implemented if there was a strong commitment from policymakers, particularly the District Head, DEO Head and other related agencies including DPRD and communities. This commitment is demonstrated by the issuance of a District Head Regulation on School Operational Assistance or Educational Financial SupportDana Penunjang Pendidikan in Kota Banda Aceh and Simeulue and technical guidelines and fund allocations integrated into APBD and DEO level Work Plans Renja, Work and Budget Plans RKA, and Budget Execution Documents DPA. The academic paper of Banda Aceh Mayor’s Regulation is attached hereto.

2. Work Arrangements

At the district level, KINERJA initiates its programs by recruiting a number of Local Public Service Specialists LPSS. Their main task is to coordinate the programs with local governments, multi-stakeholder forums MSFs and IOs. In addition, these specialists are responsible for program quality assurance.