Statistika
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................................. ii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................. iii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................................... 1
A. Pengertian Statistik
1
B. Jenis-jenis Data
2
C. Populasi Dan Sampel
5
D.. .Manfaat Statistik
5
E. Rangkuman
6
F. Latihan Soal
6
BAB 2 DISTRIBUSI FREKUENSI ........................................................................................... 7
A. Definisi dan Bentuk Distribusi Frekuensi
7
B. Macam-macam Distribusi Frekuensi
9
C. Teknik Pembentukan Distribusi Frekuensi
12
D. Penyajian Data Dalam Bentuk Grafik
17
E. Rangkuman
21
F. Latihan Soal
22
BAB 3 UKURAN TENDENSI SENTRAL..................................................................................25
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 25
B. Mean (Rata-rata hitung).................................................................................................... 26
C. Median
28
D. Modus
32
E. Perhitungan Mean, Median, dan Modus Menggunakan SPSS.........................................36
F. Kuartil, Desil, Persentil...................................................................................................... 36
G. Kedudukan Mean, Median, Modus...................................................................................37
H. Rangkuman39
I. Soal Latihan...................................................................................................................... 39
BAB 4 PENGUKURAN VARIASI.............................................................................................42
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 42
B. Range
43
C. Range Antar Kuartil........................................................................................................... 43
D. Range Semi Antar Kuartil.................................................................................................. 43
E. Deviasi Rata-rata.............................................................................................................. 44
F. Standar Deviasi................................................................................................................. 47
G. Variance
52
H. Koefisien Variasi (V).......................................................................................................... 52
I. Standar Score (Z)............................................................................................................. 54
J. Rangkuman54
K. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 55
BAB 5 ANALISIS RANGKAIAN WAKTU.................................................................................58
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 58
B. Trend Linier 59
C. Trend Non Linier............................................................................................................... 68
D. Kriteria Memilih Trend....................................................................................................... 73
E. Variasi Musim.................................................................................................................... 76
F. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 79
BAB 6 TEORI PROBABILITAS................................................................................................ 85
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 85
B. Aturan Probabilitas............................................................................................................ 87
C. Probabilitas Peristiwa-peristiwa Lebih Dari Satu Macam..................................................87
D. Dalil Bayes 90
iii
E. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 91
BAB 7 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS......................................................................................94
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 94
B. Distribusi Hipergeometris.................................................................................................. 95
C. Distribusi Multinominal...................................................................................................... 95
D. Distribusi Binomial............................................................................................................ 96
E. Distribusi Poisson............................................................................................................. 97
F. Distribusi Normal............................................................................................................... 98
G. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 101
BAB 8 TEORI PENAKSIRAN.................................................................................................. 105
A. Pendahuluan
105
B. Penaksiran Titik (Poin Estimation)
106
C. Penaksiran Interval
107
D. Penaksiran Rata-rata
109
E. Rangkuman.
114
F. Latihan Soal
115
BAB 9 PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS.............................................................................................117
A. Pendahuluan
117
B. Jenis Pengujian Hipotesis
122
C. Konsep P-Value
129
D. Rangkuman.
129
E. Latihan Soal
131
BAB 10 ANOVA....................................................................................................................... 132
A. Pendahuluan
132
B. Langkah-langkah Pengujian ANOVA
133
C. Rangkuman.
142
D. Latihan Soal
142
BAB 11 STATISTIK NON PARAMETIK...................................................................................145
A. Pendahuluan
145
B. Uji Binomial / Uji Tanda (The Sign Test)
146
C. The Mann-Whitney Test (U Test)
151
D. The Kruskal - Wallis – H – Test
156
E. Test Wilcoxon
160
F. Friedman Test
164
G. Chi Square Test
167
H. Rangkuman.
171
I. Latihan Soal
172
BAB 12 REGRESI DAN KORELASI LINIER SEDERHANA....................................................177
A. Pendahuluan
177
B. Regresi Logistik
178
C. Regresi Ordinal
178
D. Regresi linier
178
E. Asumsi Ordinary Least Squared
179
F. Regresi Linear Sederhana
179
G. Standard Error Of Estimate
183
H. Uji Hipotesis Untuk Persamaan Regresi Sederhana
184
I. Korelasi Linear Sederhana
184
J. Rangkuman.
188
K. Latihan Soal
188
BAB 13 REGRESI LINEAR DAN KORELASI BERGANDA.....................................................192
A. Model Regresi Berganda
192
B. Menilai Goodness Of Fit suatu Model
195
C. Korelasi Berganda
200
D. Uji Korelasi Berganda
202
E. Asumsi Regresi dan Korelasi
203
F. Rangkuman.
204
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G. Latihan Soal
204
BAB 14 UJI ASUMSI KLASIK.................................................................................................. 209
A. Pendahuluan
209
B. Uji Multikolonieritas
210
C. Uji Heteroskedastisitas
210
D. Uji Autokorelasi
212
E. Uji Normalitas
213
F. Uji Linearitas
214
G. Rangkuman.
214
H. Latihan Soal
215
BAB 15 SPSS SEBAGAI PROGRAM KOMPUTER STATISTIK .............................................217
A. Pendahuluan
217
B. Window SPSS
217
C. SPSS Data Editor
218
BAB 16 STATISTIK DESKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN SPSS......................................................226
A. Pendahuluan
226
B. Latihan Statistik Deskriptif Menggunakan SPSS
226
C. Latihan Soal
232
BAB 17 STATISTIK PARAMETRIK MENGGUNAKAN SPSS..................................................233
A. Pendahuluan
233
B. One Sample t Test
233
C. Independent Sample t Test
236
D. Paired Sample t Test
240
E. One Way ANOVA
243
F. Latihan Soal
250
BAB 18 STATISTIK NON PARAMETRIK MENGGUNAKAN SPSS.........................................253
A. Pendahuluan
253
B. Uji Satu Sampel
253
C. Uji Dua Sampel
258
D. Uji Lebih Dari Dua Sampel
264
E. Latihan Soal
269
BAB 19 REGRESI LINIER MENGGUNAKAN SPSS...............................................................273
A. Regresi Linier Sederhana
273
B. Regresi Berganda
278
C. Latihan Soal
284
BAB 20 KORELASI MENGGUNAKAN SPSS.........................................................................287
A. Pendahuluan
287
B. Korelasi Bivariate
287
C. Korelasi Parsial
291
D. Latihan Soal
294
BAB 21 PENGUJIAN ASUMSI KLASIK...................................................................................297
A. Pendahuluan
297
B. Multikolonieritas
298
C. Heteroskedastisitas
301
D. Uji Autokorelasi
303
E. Uji Normalitas
305
BAB 22 PENGUJIAN KUALITAS INSTRUMEN......................................................................308
A. Pendahuluan
308
B. Reliabilitas…….
308
C. Validitas……….
309
D. Latihan Soal
314
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
v
KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................................. ii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................. iii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................................... 1
A. Pengertian Statistik
1
B. Jenis-jenis Data
2
C. Populasi Dan Sampel
5
D.. .Manfaat Statistik
5
E. Rangkuman
6
F. Latihan Soal
6
BAB 2 DISTRIBUSI FREKUENSI ........................................................................................... 7
A. Definisi dan Bentuk Distribusi Frekuensi
7
B. Macam-macam Distribusi Frekuensi
9
C. Teknik Pembentukan Distribusi Frekuensi
12
D. Penyajian Data Dalam Bentuk Grafik
17
E. Rangkuman
21
F. Latihan Soal
22
BAB 3 UKURAN TENDENSI SENTRAL..................................................................................25
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 25
B. Mean (Rata-rata hitung).................................................................................................... 26
C. Median
28
D. Modus
32
E. Perhitungan Mean, Median, dan Modus Menggunakan SPSS.........................................36
F. Kuartil, Desil, Persentil...................................................................................................... 36
G. Kedudukan Mean, Median, Modus...................................................................................37
H. Rangkuman39
I. Soal Latihan...................................................................................................................... 39
BAB 4 PENGUKURAN VARIASI.............................................................................................42
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 42
B. Range
43
C. Range Antar Kuartil........................................................................................................... 43
D. Range Semi Antar Kuartil.................................................................................................. 43
E. Deviasi Rata-rata.............................................................................................................. 44
F. Standar Deviasi................................................................................................................. 47
G. Variance
52
H. Koefisien Variasi (V).......................................................................................................... 52
I. Standar Score (Z)............................................................................................................. 54
J. Rangkuman54
K. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 55
BAB 5 ANALISIS RANGKAIAN WAKTU.................................................................................58
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 58
B. Trend Linier 59
C. Trend Non Linier............................................................................................................... 68
D. Kriteria Memilih Trend....................................................................................................... 73
E. Variasi Musim.................................................................................................................... 76
F. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 79
BAB 6 TEORI PROBABILITAS................................................................................................ 85
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 85
B. Aturan Probabilitas............................................................................................................ 87
C. Probabilitas Peristiwa-peristiwa Lebih Dari Satu Macam..................................................87
D. Dalil Bayes 90
iii
E. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 91
BAB 7 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS......................................................................................94
A. Pendahuluan..................................................................................................................... 94
B. Distribusi Hipergeometris.................................................................................................. 95
C. Distribusi Multinominal...................................................................................................... 95
D. Distribusi Binomial............................................................................................................ 96
E. Distribusi Poisson............................................................................................................. 97
F. Distribusi Normal............................................................................................................... 98
G. Latihan Soal...................................................................................................................... 101
BAB 8 TEORI PENAKSIRAN.................................................................................................. 105
A. Pendahuluan
105
B. Penaksiran Titik (Poin Estimation)
106
C. Penaksiran Interval
107
D. Penaksiran Rata-rata
109
E. Rangkuman.
114
F. Latihan Soal
115
BAB 9 PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS.............................................................................................117
A. Pendahuluan
117
B. Jenis Pengujian Hipotesis
122
C. Konsep P-Value
129
D. Rangkuman.
129
E. Latihan Soal
131
BAB 10 ANOVA....................................................................................................................... 132
A. Pendahuluan
132
B. Langkah-langkah Pengujian ANOVA
133
C. Rangkuman.
142
D. Latihan Soal
142
BAB 11 STATISTIK NON PARAMETIK...................................................................................145
A. Pendahuluan
145
B. Uji Binomial / Uji Tanda (The Sign Test)
146
C. The Mann-Whitney Test (U Test)
151
D. The Kruskal - Wallis – H – Test
156
E. Test Wilcoxon
160
F. Friedman Test
164
G. Chi Square Test
167
H. Rangkuman.
171
I. Latihan Soal
172
BAB 12 REGRESI DAN KORELASI LINIER SEDERHANA....................................................177
A. Pendahuluan
177
B. Regresi Logistik
178
C. Regresi Ordinal
178
D. Regresi linier
178
E. Asumsi Ordinary Least Squared
179
F. Regresi Linear Sederhana
179
G. Standard Error Of Estimate
183
H. Uji Hipotesis Untuk Persamaan Regresi Sederhana
184
I. Korelasi Linear Sederhana
184
J. Rangkuman.
188
K. Latihan Soal
188
BAB 13 REGRESI LINEAR DAN KORELASI BERGANDA.....................................................192
A. Model Regresi Berganda
192
B. Menilai Goodness Of Fit suatu Model
195
C. Korelasi Berganda
200
D. Uji Korelasi Berganda
202
E. Asumsi Regresi dan Korelasi
203
F. Rangkuman.
204
iv
G. Latihan Soal
204
BAB 14 UJI ASUMSI KLASIK.................................................................................................. 209
A. Pendahuluan
209
B. Uji Multikolonieritas
210
C. Uji Heteroskedastisitas
210
D. Uji Autokorelasi
212
E. Uji Normalitas
213
F. Uji Linearitas
214
G. Rangkuman.
214
H. Latihan Soal
215
BAB 15 SPSS SEBAGAI PROGRAM KOMPUTER STATISTIK .............................................217
A. Pendahuluan
217
B. Window SPSS
217
C. SPSS Data Editor
218
BAB 16 STATISTIK DESKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN SPSS......................................................226
A. Pendahuluan
226
B. Latihan Statistik Deskriptif Menggunakan SPSS
226
C. Latihan Soal
232
BAB 17 STATISTIK PARAMETRIK MENGGUNAKAN SPSS..................................................233
A. Pendahuluan
233
B. One Sample t Test
233
C. Independent Sample t Test
236
D. Paired Sample t Test
240
E. One Way ANOVA
243
F. Latihan Soal
250
BAB 18 STATISTIK NON PARAMETRIK MENGGUNAKAN SPSS.........................................253
A. Pendahuluan
253
B. Uji Satu Sampel
253
C. Uji Dua Sampel
258
D. Uji Lebih Dari Dua Sampel
264
E. Latihan Soal
269
BAB 19 REGRESI LINIER MENGGUNAKAN SPSS...............................................................273
A. Regresi Linier Sederhana
273
B. Regresi Berganda
278
C. Latihan Soal
284
BAB 20 KORELASI MENGGUNAKAN SPSS.........................................................................287
A. Pendahuluan
287
B. Korelasi Bivariate
287
C. Korelasi Parsial
291
D. Latihan Soal
294
BAB 21 PENGUJIAN ASUMSI KLASIK...................................................................................297
A. Pendahuluan
297
B. Multikolonieritas
298
C. Heteroskedastisitas
301
D. Uji Autokorelasi
303
E. Uji Normalitas
305
BAB 22 PENGUJIAN KUALITAS INSTRUMEN......................................................................308
A. Pendahuluan
308
B. Reliabilitas…….
308
C. Validitas……….
309
D. Latihan Soal
314
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
v