Sound Cinematography INTRINSIC ASPECTS

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3.1.2.1 Sound

Sound is the cinematographic element and it has an important role. What the audience hear from the screen can be at least as significant as what the audience see on it, and sometimes what the audience hear is more significant. In Looking at Movie,Barsam’s book, Director Spielberg says that: “The eye sees better when the sound is great. Sound—talking, laughing, singing, music, and the aural effects of objects and settings—can be as expressive as any of the other narrative and stylistic elements of cinematic form.”2010:368. From the explanation, sound gives a big impact for those who are watching the movie. Bordwell and Thompson argue in The Film Art: An Introduction Eight Edition that “sound can actively shape how we perceive and interpret the image.” 2008:265 The sound can affect the audience and it can be seen from two different films: horror and romantic films. From the movie we can imagine what kind of back sound in the film will be. The sound effect of horror movies will always be loud and shocking, supported by spooky scene. Meanwhile, the sound effect of romantic movie is usually soft and smooth so that it will be able to touch the audience feeling and of course, it is supported by romantic scene. When the actress is crying, the back sound is usually sad. Therefore, the sound effect is very important to every movie. It makes the audience not only understand the story but also feel it. Sound in the film has a big effect for the audienceswho watch the film. The sound; talk, laugh, sing, music, make the film more expressive so the storyline is understood by the audiences. 12

3.1.2.2 Cinematography

Cinematography of the shot is controlled by directors. Barsam says that cinematography is also known as the basis of motion picture photography that can make the movie image appear the way it does. The writer will discuss only one of the cinematography aspects: framing.

3.1.2.2.1 Framing

Framing is the “shot” that we see in the entire movie. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, “shot is a scene in a film or movie that is filmed continuously by one camera.” 2005. The framing of scene usually supports the scene and shows the audiences in detailed ways. Bordwell and Thompson, in Film Art: An Introduction Eight Edition say that framing divide shot distance into seven types. Those are extreme long shot, long shot, medium long shot, medium shot, medium close-up, close–up, and extreme close up. 2008:191 • Extreme Long Shot Barsam explains in the in Looking at Movies; An Introduction to Film “Extreme long shot XLS or ELS, typically photographed at a great distance from the subject, that subject is often too small to be recognized, except through the context we see, which usually includes a wide view of a location, as well as general background information.”2010:232. 13 From the extreme long shot we will know the entire view of the shot including the background information. Extreme long shot is usually used to explain the environment condition, and to show the object people, house, and building with its surrounding. • Long Shot katiewarnetttheory.wordpress.com Barsam states “In a long shot LS, we see the character’s full body almost filling the frame but with some area above and below also visible and some of the surroundings.”2010:233 In the long shot, the background is still dominating, and it focuses on the subject or entire human body. Based on Barsam too, long shot is used to explain the people’s dexterity in the movie, so it shows the head until the foot clearly. • Medium long shot lucydillingham-as-ms.blogspot.com 14 According to Barsam medium long shot “is used to photograph one or more characters, usually from the knees up, as well as some of the background. This very essential shot permits the director to have two characters in conversation”2010:233. As we can see from the pictures above, the figures appear from knees to head and the background is still visible. Besides, the shot is used to show there is a conversation between two characters. • Medium shot pugetsoundoff.org Barsam claims “A medium shot MS, somewhere between the long shot and the close-up which we discuss below, shows a character usually from the waist up, or her full figure if she is seated. The MS is the most frequently used type of shot because it replicates our human experience of proximity without intimacy; it provides more detail of the body than the LS does. Unlike the close-up, the MS can include several characters, but it reveals more nuance in the characters’ faces than can be captured in the MLS.” 2010:233. The shot of object in medium shot is more detailed than the shot of object in medium long shot. The shot shows the characters’s expression, not only one character but also two or more characters that show their expressions in one frame. 15 • Medium Close-Up bensmithmedia.blogspot.com Barsam states “The medium close-up MCU shows a character from the middle of the chest to the top of the head. It provides a view of the face that catches minor changes in expression and provides some details about the character’s posture.” 2010:234. For example, we can see from the pictures above, a medium close up is half-way between a mid shot and a close-up. Medium close up usually covers the subjects head and shoulders. • Close-Up toddmckimmey.com Barsam claims that “The close-up CU is produced when the camera is shooting very near the subject. Although it traditionally shows the full head sometimes including the shoulders, it can also be used to show hand, eye, or mouth. When 16 focused on a character’s face, the close-up provides an exclusive view of a character’s emotions or state of mind.” 2010:234. Close up is more detailed than medium close-up shot. It shows the facial expressions and emotions in details. • Extreme Close-Up atec.utdallas.edu Extreme close-up XCU or ECU, according to Barsam“ is a very close shot of some detail,” 2010:234. The screen is full with object’s detail and mostly, it is only a part of the characters face, that is shown. Farming shot is used to show the audience about the actress’s expression and background that is captured in the frame, so the audience understands more about the character, setting, and the other more.

3.1.2.3 Mise-En-Scene