Cycle 2
Writing
D. Techniques of Collecting Data
D. Techniques of Collecting the Data
There were two techniques of data collected from students, teachers, school documents, and teaching learning process. They were quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative data were taken from questionnaire and tests achievements while qualitative data were
field otes, tea her’s diary riti g, interview transcripts, lesson plan, and journal. In collecting the quantitative data, the writer used techniques as
follows: 1. Questionnaire
In the research cycle especially in the reflection stage, it was used to gain the stude ts’
opinion whether the use of A Four-Phase Technique brings a change to their classroom learning situation. According to Johnson and Christensen 2000: 27, a questionnaire is a
self-report data collection instrument that each research participant fills out as part of a research study. It is in multiple choice forms of five alternatives based on the form made
by Nunan 1985: 52. The questionnaire was conducted after surveying problems of the students in January 2010 and in the end of May 2010 at semester two of 2009 2010
Academic Year.
2. Test A test a e defi ed as a syste ati pro edure for o ser i g o e’s eha ior a d
describing it with the aid of numerical devices or category system Cronbach in Syakur: 1999: 39. The target was the students. The purpose is to know whether there is an
im pro e e t o the stude ts’ i agi ati e riti g skills i the for of s ore efore a d
after being taught using the technique. The test was done after every cycles of research has been finished.
To collect the qualitative data, he used techniques as follows:
The students’ imaginative writing skills are improving, the class situation is changing, and the average score is increasing
Writing problems are overcome: Easy to express ideas
Minimum grammar mistakes
Minimum spelling punctuation mistakes
Easy to organize ideas Able to use sentence and word
styles in English Class situation is ideal:
Inspiring Students are motivated to do
class activities They pay attention to tasks
They are enthusiastic in variation strategies of writing
They are interested in the dynamic technique
Average score of writing will be
increased at least above
the passing grade i.e. 64
1. Observation The researcher observed the students activities and classroom situation while the
teaching learning process occurred. The purpose is to watch and record varieties of teaching-learning activity of imaginative writing in classroom using A Four-
Phase Technique. The obtained data were field notes and teacher‘s diary writing.
It was taken after Action stage to observe the teaching-learning process in April and May 2010. According to Sukidin, et al. 2008: 114, in this activity, the
researcher wants to know whether there is an improvement or not in the teaching- learning process before or after applying A Four-Phase Technique.
2. Interview It was used to collect the data of the colleague
‘s problems dealing with teaching writing at the beginning of the research. Then at the application of A Four-Phase
Technique at the observation stage, the researcher interviewed him to know the participants‘ feeling in face to face interaction. The interview was conducted with
colleagues of English teacher as the observer. The data was in qualitative form for the purpose of finding out thoroughly to complete quantitative ones in the form of
interview transcript Sukidin, et al., 2008: 107.
3. School documents The documents here were
stude ts’ ork sheets in writing narrative texts, the lesson plans for the second semester in the Academic Year of 2009 2010, and the teaching
journal which enclosed the score analysis of the writing tests results.
E. Techniques of Analyzing Data
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