Istikhadam as-shuwar al-mulawwanah I'itasrisil insya al-muwajjah litsafitsam minal madrsah al-mursyidiyah Pamulang
ﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻻﻣ ﺤﺎن
ﻮﺿﻮع "ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼّﻮر ا ﻮّ ﺔ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﺪّم هﺬا ا ﺚ
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ﺎ ﻮ "إ ﻰ آ ﺔ ﻮم ا ﺮ ﺔ وا ّ
ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ﻮم ا ﺨﺎ
ﺔ ا ﻜﻮ ﺔ ﺎآﺮ ﺎ ،و ﺪ ﻮ
ﺎ ﺔ ﺮ هﺪا ﺔ اﷲ اﻹ
6ﺎ ﻮ 2010م أ ﺎم ﺔ اﻹ ﺎن .و ﺎل ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ اﻷو ﻰ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ﺎآﺮ ﺎ 6 ،ﺎ ﻮ 2010م
ﺎن
ﺔا
ا ﻮ
ﺎن
ﺎر ﺦ ا
رﺋ ا ﺔ )رﺋ ا (
_________
ﺮ
ا ﺪآ ﻮر أ ﺪ درد ﺮي ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﻮﻇ 195402011987121001:
ﻜﺮ ﺮ ا ﺔ ) ﻜﺮ ﺮ ا (
_____________
_________
ﺮ
ﻮا ﻰ ا ﺎ
ر ا ﻮﻇ 197305051999032003:
اﻷوّل
ا
_________
ﺮ
ا ﺪآ ﻮر أ ﺪ درد ﺮي ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﺔﻇ 195402011987121001:
ا ﺜﺎ
ا
_________
ﺮ
ز ا ّ ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﻮﻇ 197210211997031002 :
ﺼﺪق ﻪ:
ﺪاﻜ ﺔ
ﺮ
ا ﺮو ﻮر ا ﺪآ ﻮر د ﺪي ر ﺎدا ا ﺎ
ر ا ﻮﻇ 195710051987031003 :
أ-
ﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﻐﺔ
ﺮ ﺎ أن ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ه ﻐﺔ ا ﺮﺁن ،وا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
إ ﻰ ﺎ أ ﻬﺎ
ه ﻐﺔ ا ﺼﺎل ﺎ
،
د و ﻀﺎرة
ﺔ
ا ﺆ ﺎت ا
ﺔ
إ ﺪى ا ﻐﺎت اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﻐ ﺮ
ا ﺎ
أ ﺪم ا ﻐﺎت ا ﺔ
ﺈ ﺪو ﺎ .وإ ﻬﺎ
وا ﺪ .
ا ﻐﺔ ه ﺎ ﺎ ﻐﻮي
هﺎ
و ا ﺮوف أن ه ﺎك ﺎ
ﺮ ﻐﻮي .ﺎ ﻮا ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﻬ اﻷ ﻮات وا ﺮدات
و ﺎ
ﺮ ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﻬ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
وا ﻮا ﺪ وا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ أو اﻹ ﺎء ،وأ ﺎ ا ﻮا
أن ﻬ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس
ﺔ ﺚ أ ﻬﺎ ذات أه ﺔ آ ﺮى
ا
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .و ﺎ ﻈﺮ إ ﻰ أه ﺔ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻄ
ا ﺎم
ﺔ وا ﻜ ﻮ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺪ ﺪ
ﺪار ﻰ ا ﺜﺎ ﻮ ﺔ وا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
ﻬﺎج ا
ﺨ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ وأ ﻬﺎ ﺪ
ﺔ ﻬﺔ
ﺮ ﺎ أن ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺬ ،واﻷهﺪاف
ﺮا ﺎة ﻄﻮر ذآﺎء ا
آﺜ ﺮا إذا ا ﺨﺪ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻮدة ،و ا ﻜ ت
ﺔ ،وا ﺼﺮ ﺔ،
ﺪة أ ﻮاع ،ﻬﺎ و ﺎﺋ ا
ﺔ ﻜﻮن
ا
ﺔ وا ﺼﺮ ﺔ ،وا ﺮآﺔ وا ﺼﺎ ﺔ.
وا
ﺪار ﺎ
ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
و ﺪ ﻮ ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺰ ﺪ ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ،و ﻬﺎ ﻮا ﺔ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ.
1
ﺔ ﻮ ﻪ ﺎم ،ه :1
ﻮاﺋﺪ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻜﺎ
-1ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺎت ﻷن ﻜﻮن ﻈ ﺎ ) ) (verbalismeﻜ
(.
أ ﺎظ ﻜ ﻮ ﺔ أو ﺎن
س.
-2ج ا ﺼﺎر ا ﻜﺎ وا ﺰ ﺎ وا ﺼﺎر ا ﻮا ّ
ﺪة ا ﺨﺪا ﺎ ﻮ ﺎ .و هﺬا
ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺎ
-3آﻮ ﺔ
ﺬ ،وﻹ ﻜﺎن إ ﺼﺎل
ﺔ ﻹ ﺮاز ر ﺔ ا
ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻪ ﺪر
ﻮا
ﻬ إ ﺼﺎ ﺎ ﺮا ،و ﻜ ﻬ أن
ﻬ و
إ ﻜﺎ ﻬ و ﻬ .
ﻮع اﻹ ﺎء -ﻬﻮ اﻹ ﺎء
وأ ﺎ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ –وهﻮ ﻮع
2
اﻷ ﻜﺎر.
ﻪ إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ وا ﺮ
ا ﺬي ﻮ ﻪ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
ﻜﻮ ا ﺮدات،
،ﺮ ا
و ﺮ ﻪ ﺜ إ ﺎدة آ ﺎ ﺔ ا
اﻷ ﺔ و ﺮ ذ ﻚ.
إآ ﺎل ا ﺎرات ا ﺎ ﺼﺔ ،اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ
ﺬ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ أ ﻪ ﺪ ﺪ ا
ﺪر
و ﻚ
ﻪإﻰا ﻜﺮ
ﺪم ا ﺎدة ،وه ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
ا ﻜ ت
ﺎل إ ﺪى
ا ﻜﺎر .ﺬا ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ
ء وا ﺮ
ﻚ
ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ ه ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا ﻜ ت
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء
ﺔ هﺎ ﺔ
و ﺜ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ
ﻮا
ا ﺨﺪا ﻬﺎ
ا ﻮ ﻪ وآ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
أن ﺨﺪم ا ﺪرس ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ
اﻷ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ﺬا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
و ﺎء ﻰ ا ﻄ ا ﻜﺮ ا ﺎ ،ﻮد ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ﺚ ﺜﺎ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﺎ ﻮان "ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ ".
وا ﺎر ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ﻜﺎن ﺜﻪ ﻷن ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﺪ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
1
Arif Sadiman dkk., Media Pendidikan; Pengertian, Pengembangan dan
Pemanfaatannya, (Jakarta: PT. Grafindo Persada, tt.), h. 17-18
2
ﺪ ﺼﻮر ،اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟ ﻌﺒ ﺮ وﻣﺸﺎآ ﻪ و ﻼ ﻪ) ،دط ،دت( ،ص 244
2
ب-
ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
-1ﺸﺨ ﺺ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
أ( ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ب( ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ
ج( ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
-2ﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺨ
اﻄ ﺎ
:
أ( ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮرة ا
ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا
ب( ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ﺬ اﺼ
ا ﻮﺔ
ﺎﻮ .
ج( ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮرة ا
ا ﻜ ا ﺮ ﺔ وهﻰ
ﺮا
هﺪا ﺎت ا ﺎ
ا
ﻜ ت ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪد ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺜﻪ
ﺎ
ﺬ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﻮﺔ
ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر
ﺪر
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺨﺪام
ﻮﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺄ اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر د.
ﺪ 3و ﺔ 2006م.
-3ﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺪ ﺪ ا ﻜ ت ا ﺬآﻮرة ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺮ ﺮهﺎ
اﻄ ﺎ
آﺎ :
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
أ( ﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ ؟
ﺔ
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺎرهﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ب( آ
ﺬ درس اﻹ ﺎء؟
إ ﻄﺎء رد ا ﺎ
3
ج( آ
ا ﻮ ﻪ؟
ج-
ر ﺔا
ﺬ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺪر
اﻹ ﺎء
أهﺪاف اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ر ﺔا
هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻬﻮ ا ﻜ
اﻷهﺪاف
وأ ﺎ
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
د-
ﺬ
ﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
وأ ﺎ ا ﻮاﺋﺪ هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻬ آ ﺎ :
ﺮ ﺔا ﻬ
ﺔ ﻰ
أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ درا ﺎت
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
ﺔ ﻰ ﻬ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
(1أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ درا ﺎت
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ا ﻮاد ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎو ﻬﺎ
(2أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ل درا ﻪ ﻰ هﺬ ا ﺎ ﺔ.
ﺮوة ا ﻮث ا ﺔ
(3أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻮﺿﻮع
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺼﻮ ﺎ
ﻮ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻜﺎر ا ﺪرس
(4أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻄ
ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪار ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ا ﺨﺪام آ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻄﻮ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ
(5ﺎع ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ
ﻜ ا
ﺎﻮ .
هـ -ﻣﻨﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ آ ﺎ ﻪ
4
.1ﻮع ا ﺚ
ﺔآ ﺔ.
ا ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ آ ﺎ ﺔ هﺬا ا ﺚ هﻰ ﺮ ﺔ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر
ﺔا
ا ﺎ ﺎت ﻰ
وذ ﻚ أن ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ﻄ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ،
ﺬ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا
ا ﺪرا ﺔ وا ﺔ و ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
.2
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ﻰ ا ﺼ
ا
ا ﺪروس
ا
ﺪده إ ﻰ 34ﺬا .
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺎم ا ﺪرا 2008/2007و ﺪ و
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ا ﺼ
ا ﺪروس هﺬا ا ﺚ ـ ا
و
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ﺎم ا ﺪرا 2008/2007م ,وآﺎن ﺪده ار و ﻮن )(34
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ا ﺪر ﺔ .و ﻜﻮن
ا
ﺬا .و ﻜﻮن ا ﺔ
ا ﺔ 13ﺬا و 11ﺬات.
.3ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت
ﺎ ﺔ ا
ﻮم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎء ا ﺪر
ﺔ
)(observasi
اﻹ ﺎءات ) (quisionerا ﻰ آﺎ
اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﺔ وإد ﺎل در ﺎت ﺪرة ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ و ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ )(interview
ﺮ ﺔ ﻮل ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻰ ﻚ ا ﺪر
ﻈﺎت
ﺎ ﺎت ﺎ
ﺔ و ﻮﺿ ا ﺪر ﺎت
ﻬﺎ اﻷ ﺔ ﻮز ﻬﺎ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر
ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ.
ا ﺎ ﺎت
.4ﺮ ﺔ /أ ﻮب
ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت ه ا ﺎم
ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺔ ،ا ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺪة "ا ﺔ ا ﺎﺋﻮ ﺔ"
ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا
distribusi presentaseﺎ ﺮ ﻮز ا ﺔ :
اﻹ ﻀﺎح :
:ا
P
P: fx100
N
ﺔ ا ﺎﺋﻮ ﺔ
5
F
N
:ا ﻜﺮار
ﻮع
:ا
ﺪ ﺮ ا ﺪر ﺎت آ ﺎ ﻰ :
ﺪى ا ﺪر ﺎت
100-90
89-80
79-70
69-60
59-50
ﺪﺮ
ﺎز
ﺪ ﺪا
ﺪ
ﻮل
را
در ﺎت
ا ﺪﺮ ﻰ
و
ﺬ 100-90ﺈ ﻪ
اﻷول :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
" ﺎز"
ﺬ 89-80ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺜﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ﺪا"
ﺬ 79-70ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺜﺎ ﺚ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ﺬ 69-60
:إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ا ﺮا
" ﻮل"
ﺬ 59-50ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺨﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
3
"را "
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ" ﺪ
ﺼ
ﺈﻪ
ﻰ ﺪ ﺮ " ﺪ"
ﺼ ﻰ ﺪﺮ
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ
.5ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ
)Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 1997
6
3
أ
ﻰ آ ﺎ ﺔ هﺬا ﺚ ﺎج ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺬى ﺮ ﻪ ﻜﻮن
وأآ و ﺪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب :
Pedoman Penulisan skripsi, Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Syahid
Jakarta 2007
.6ﻈ ا ﺚ
ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ هﺬاا ﺚ ﻰ
و ﻬ اﻷ ﺮ ﻰ هﺬاا ﺚ،
ﺼ ﺔ ا ﺎب اﻷول ا ﻰ
أ ﻮاب و ﻜ أ ﻮاب ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺔ ﺮا
ا ﺎب ا ﺨﺎ ،ا ﺎ ﻈ ﻬ آ ﺎ ﻰ :
ا ﺎب اﻷول :ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ هﺬاا ﺚ ﺪ ﺔ وهﻰ ﻜﻮن
ا ﺚ ،وا ﻜ ت ﺨ ﺼﻬﺎ و ﺪ ﺪهﺎ
و ﺮ ﺮهﺎ ،وأهﺪاف ا ﺚ ،و ﺎه ا ﺚ ،و ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ و ﻈ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ وا ﺪرا ﺎت ا ﺎ ﺔ،
ﺮ ا ﺼﻮر
ا ﺎب ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ :ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ اﻹ ﺎر ا ﻈﺮي وه
ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺮوط ا ﺼﻮر وأه ﻬﺎ ،وا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺔ ،و ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺎء وأ ﻮا ﻬﺎ ،واﻹ ﺎء
وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﻪ وا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ،و ﺮق ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺎه ا ﺚ ﻮ ﻬﺎ و ﺼﺎدرهﺎ،
ا ﺎب ا ﺜﺎ ﺚ :
ا ﺎ ﺎت،
ا ﺪروس وا ﺔ ،وأ ﻮب
وا
ا ﺎ ﺎت.
وأ ﻮب ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت ،وا ﻮب
ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
و ﺄ ﻬﺎ ،وو ﻮع ا ﻐﺮا ،و ﻜﺎ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ ،ووﻇﺎﺋ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ﺮ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﻄﻮ ﺮهﺎ.
اﻹ
ﺔ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
:ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ
ا ﺎب ا ﺮا
و ﺄ ﻬﺎ ،وو ﻮع ا ﻐﺮا ،
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺮ ا ﺎ ﺎت.
ا ﺎ ﺎت،
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ،و
7
ا ﺎب ا ﺨﺎ
:ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺨﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ
وا ﺮا ﺎت و ﺮا ا ﺚ.
8
ﻮى
ﻰ اﺨ
ﺔ
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎ
اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺮي
أـ ﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ
أه ﻬﺎ أ ﺮ إ ﺎ
ﺔ
و ﺎﺋ ا
إن ا ﺼﻮرة و ﺔ
ﺎل
ا ﺮ ﺔ آ ﺎ ﺎل ا ﺪآ ﻮر ﻰ ا ﺎ ﻰ ":إن ا
اﻄ ب و
ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺮى ﻮد ﻮاﺋﺪ
ا ﺼﻮرة ﻰ ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ
ﺔ و ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﺪ ﺪة ﻰ ا ﺪرس وا ﻄ ب ﻰ
ﺔ و
ﺮﻮﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺔو ﺔ
ﺬو
ﻮاء .و أه هﺬا ا ﻮاﺋﺪ أ ﺎر ا ﺎ ا
ا ﻜ ت ا ﺪ ا ﺰ ﺎ ﻰ وا ﻜﺎ ﻰ .ﺮاد
ﺬوف ا ﻰ ﻄ ب و
ﺔ اﻷ ﺎل ا ﻄ ﺔ آﺎ ﻰ
ر ﻮز ﺼﻮرة
ﺎ ﺼﻮرة ﺎرة
ت وا ﺮاﺋﺪ وا ﺎ ﻮ ﺔ ،وآﺬ ﻚ ا ﺼﻮرة
ﺎهﺪهﺎ ﻰ ا ﻜ وا
ﻬﺎ أ ﺎل ﺪو ﺔ إ ﺎ ﺎ
ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﺮ ﻮم ا ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺮا ﺔ و ﺪ
وا ﻄ ب ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة واﻷوراق.
ﺎ ﺮا ،ﺜ ﺎ ﺮ ا
ﻪ ذا
آ ﺔ " ّﻮن – ّﻮن" أي
إن ا ﻜ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺼﺪر
Linderman
ﺪار
أ ﻮان و ﺎهﺎ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻹ ﺰ ﺔ ) . ( coloredور
ﻪ
ﻮ ﻪ ،و
ﻜ ﻪ،
"أن ا ﻮن و ﺪ آﺎ ،وا ﻮن
1
ﺮ ﺎ و ﺰﺎ .
ا ﻜﺎل ﺨ ﺔ ،وأو ﺪ ا ﻮن ﺄ ﺮ ا ﻰ إد ﺎل ا
.
ﺔا
وا ﻮن ﺄ ﺮ ا ﻬﺎﺋ
1
& Linderman, Marlene Gharbo, Art in Elementary School, Madison: Brown
Bencthimark Publisher, 1997.
9
ﻮق ا ﻮن و ﺮة ﺮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
و ﺎل ﺎ ﻮ ﻜﺎ Gnoinskaآﺎ
ﺔ
ﺎل ا ﻮن ﻰ ﺎ ﺔ
أو اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ إﺿﻄﺮاب .وا
ﻬ ا
ﺪ إ ﻰ ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺔ .وا ﻮن ﺪا ﺪار ا ﺼ أو ا ﺎس
ا
ﺬ ﻪ.2
ﺈ ﻪ ﻜ أو ﻐ ا
ا ﺪر
آﺎن ا ﻮن ﺼﻮر ﻄ ﺎ وا ﺎ ﺎ .ﻰ ا ﺜ ،ﻮن اﻷ ﺮ ﻮد
أو ا ﻐﻀ .
إ ﻰ ا ﺎل أو أ ﻪ ﻰ ﺪة ا
ب -ﺷﺮوط اﻟﺼﻮرة
ﺪة ﺼﺎل
ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ،وا ﺪرس
ﻜﻰ ﻜﻮن ا ﺼﻮرة ا
أن ﺮا ﻰ
ا ﺎط ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪ ا ﺎر ا ﺼﻮرة :
.1أن ﻜﻮن ا ﺼﻮرة ﺜ ﺮة ﻹه ﺎم ا ﺪارس ﺚ ﺬف إ ﺎهﻪ
و ﻮذ ا ﻜ ﺮ.
.2ﺮا ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة ،ﻰ ﺰداد ا ﺎﺋﺪة ﻬﺎ
ﺔ
.3أن ﻜﻮن ﻮ ﺎ ﻬﺎ أه ﺔ
ﺪد
ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺔ ﺪا وأن ﺎ
.4أن ﻜﻮن إ ﺎ ﻬﺎ
ﺎ ﺼ ،وا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ أ ﻬﺎ أآﺜﺮ أ ﺎرة ﻹ ﺎ
ا ﺪار
ا ﺪار .
ج -أه ﺎت اﺳ ﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ
إن أه ﺔ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا
ﺨﺪ ﻮن
اﺬ
ﺎ ف ا ﺪر
أه ﺔ آ ﺮة ﻰ ا ﺪر ا ﻮاد ا ﺨ
أه ﺔ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ
آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
ا ﺪر
ﻮ
ﻮﺔ ﺨ
ا ﻬ ،وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ذات
اﻮ ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .و
ﺔو
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻬﺎ ﻮاﺋﺪ
ﺪر
2
Gnoinska, Anna, Teaching vocabulary, English Teaching Proffesional, Issue Thirteen,
October, 1999.
10
(1
(2
(3
(4
(5
(6
(7
ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ اﻹدراآﻰ
ا ﻮاد ا
ﻮ ﺮ اﻷ
ﻬ ﻮن ﺎهﺎ.
ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﻄ ب ا ﻈ ﺔ ا ﺬ
ﺄ ﺮ إ ﻰ در ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺮة ﻰ إه ﺎم ا ﻄ ب.
ﻮ ﺮ ا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﻮا ﺔ و ﺜ ﺮ ا ﺎط ا ﺬا ﻰ ﻄ ب.
ﺮ.
ﺎ ﺪ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ا ﻮق ا
ﺬ ﺔ اﻷ ﺮ.
ا ﺨ ﺮات ا
ا ﺰ ﺎدة ﻰ ا ﻮ ا ﻰ ﺰ ﺪ ﺮو ﻬﺎ.
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ أدوات
ا ﺼﻮل
ﻮ ﺮ اﺨﺮ ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺼ
3
ﻰ ز ﺎدة ا
ﺔآ ﺎ
وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
و ﺎ ﻬﺎ .
ﺔ
د -اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ و اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋ اﻟ ﻌ
ﺎ
"ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ " ﻜﻮن
ﺔ" ﻜﻮن
إن آ ﺔ "ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺎهﺎ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ " ﺎ ﺮب إ ﻰ ا ﻐ ﺮ" .وهﻰ ﺎرة
ﺬ و ﻮﺿ ﺎ
ﺎ ﺪ ﺪا ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ا ﺎت ﺮب ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس
ا ﺬي
ا ﻮ ﺎت وأ ﻜﺎر .و ﻰ اﻷ ﺮ هﻮ "ا ﻮ
ﻪ
ﺬ.
اﻰا
اﺮ ﺎﺔ ا
ّ - ّ -ﺎ ،و ﺼﺪ ﻬﺎ
ﺔ" ﻬﻰ ﺼﺪر
وأ ﺎ ا ﻜ ﺎت "ا
ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺎن ﻰ آ ﺎ ﻪ ا ﻮ ﻪ
" و ﺎل
" ا ﻮ ﺎت ا
ﺎ اﻹ ﻄ ﻰ هﻮ اﻹ ﺼﺎل
ﻰ ا ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ "إن ا
ﺬ".
ا ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ا
ﺔ هﻰ اﻷدوات واﻷ ﻬﺰة
و ﻰ ذ ﻚ ﻀ ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﻹ ﺼﺎل ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ﻰ ا ﺔ ا
ا ﺨ ﺔ ا ﻰ
ﺬ.
وا ﺮ ﺔ ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺎ ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ،هﻰ :
واﻮ ﺔا
أ .ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر
ا ﺎدة
ﺔ ا ﻬ ﺔ ،أ ﻪ
ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر إ ﺪى ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺬ.
ﻰ ا ﺪرس إ ﺎهﺎ ا
ا ﻰ
ب .ا ﺼﻮرة
ـ
3د.
ﺪ ا ﺰ ﺰ ،اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ و ﻜﺮ اﻟ
ﻘﺒ ﻰ)،دار ا
11
،ﺮوت( ،ص ،204 .ط1991 ،1.
ﺔ اﻷ ﺎل ا ﻄ ﺔ
ر ﻮز ﺼﻮرة
ﺮاد ﺎ ﺼﻮرة ﺎرة
ﺄ ﺎل
ا ﻰ ﺎهﺪهﺎ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر و ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻰ
ﺬ ﻰ ا ﻮرة
وا
ﺪو ﺔ إ ﺎ ﺎ ﺎ ﺮا ﺜ ﺎ ﺮ ﻪ ا
واﻷوراق.
ج .ا ﺬ ﺎع وا ﺮ وا ﺰ ﻮن وا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺮاد ﺎ ﺬ ﺎع وا ﺮ وا ﺰ ﻮن وا ﻮ ﺔ ه ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
ا ﺮدات واﻹ ﺎء ،إ ﻬﺎ و ﺎﺋ
ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ﻰ ا
ﻐ ﺮ ﺨﺮج ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﻰ وأ ﻮات .وا ﺎ ا ﺮ ﻬﻮ ا ﻮات
.
ﺪرج
ا ﺮدات
ﻰ
ﻬ
ﺬ
ﺔ أ ﺎم ا
و ﺪ إن ﺪم ا ﺪرس ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺔ
ا ﺎط ﻹ ﺎت ا ﺎت وا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﻰ ا ﻄﺎ ﻬﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻄﺮ ﺔ آ ﺎ ﻰ:
ﻮ
ﻮﺿﻮع ﺎهﺪو أو ا
ﺬ ﺨ
ﺎم ا
(1
ا ﻮﺿﻮع
ر ﻮم ﺮة
(2
ا ﺨ ﺮات ﻰ
ﺬ
ﻪا
(3إ ﺎء ا ﺎﺿﺮة ﺮح ﺎ ﺼ
ا ﺼ او إ ﺪى ا ﺮ ت ا ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎت ﻮل
ا ﺨ
(4ا ﺎم ﺮ ﺔ ﺼﺪ اﻹ ﺮادة
ﻮﺿﻮع
ﺔ
أ ﺮاض ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﻬﺎ أ ﺮاض آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
إن ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ا ﻮاس
و ﻰ ا ﺎر
ﺔ ا ﺪر ا
ﺎ ﺪ ﻰ
أ(
ﺬ ﻰ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ و ﻰ ا ﺎب
ﺎ ﺪ ا
ب(
ا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﺪ ﺪة
ﺄم
ا ﺮدد ا ﻈﻰ ﻰ ا ﺔ ا ﺮ ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ
ﺬ
ﺪا
ج(
4
ﺬ ا ﺪرس
ا
هـ.ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ إﺳ ﻌ ﺎﻟﻬﺎ
4
Sahertian dan Frans Mataheru, Prinsip dan teknik Supervisi Pendidikan , (piet A Usaha
Nasional, Surabaya, 1992) Cet. Ke-1, hal-20.
12
ه ﺎك ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ، 5
ﺮ ﺔ ﺰا ﺎ و ﻮب و
ﻜ
أن
ا
ا ﻮاﺿ أراد ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ﺨﺪم ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺨ ﺎرة وا ﻬ
ﻮ ﻰ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻄ ب و ﻄﺮ ﺔ ،وه آ ﺎ ﻰ:
ﺔ وه
ﺪ ا ﺎدة ا ﺪرا ﺔ وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
أن
.1ﺪى
ﻬﺎ.
ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ واﻷ ﺔ ﺎ
اﻷ ﻜﺎر ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺎو ﻬﺎ ا ﺼﻮر
ﺪار
.2ﺮح ا
ﻬﺎ ﺎ ﻬ ا ﺪرا .
ا ﻮﺔو
ﺎ ا ﻜ ﺎت ا ﺪ ﺪة و ﺮح اﻷ ﺎط ا ﺼﻮر
.3ﻮﺿ ا
ﺮض ﻬﺎ اﻷ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا
و -ﻣ ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺸﺎء
ﺎء ﺎر آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
إن
6
ﺮ ا ﻄﺎ ﺔ ا ﺔ ﻰ ذات ا
أ( أ ﻪ
اﻷ ﻜﺎر
ب( أ ﻪ إ ﺼﺎح اﻹ ﺎن ﺎ ﻪ أو ﻪ ﺎ ﻰ ﻪ
7
وا ﺎ ﻰ
ج( أ ﻪ ﻐﺔ اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ ﻰ ا ﺼﺎح ﺎ ﻮل ﻰ ﺎ ﺮ اﻹ ﺎن
8
أ ﻜﺎر و ﺎ ﺮ ﺚ ﻬ ﻪ ا ﺮون
.1أ ﻮاع اﻹ ﺸﺎء
ﺔ ﺜﺎت .وه :
ﻜﻮن اﻹ ﺎء اوا ﺮ
ﺚ ﻜ ﻪ .وهﻮ ﺎن:
(1اﻹ ﺎء
أ( ا ﻬﻰ وهﻮ ﺮف ﺎ ﺎد ﺔ وا ﺨﻄ وإ ﺎء ا
واﻹر ﺎدات وا ﺼ وا ﺎ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺪا ذ ﻚ.
Fachrurrozi, Aziz, Kapita Selecta Pengajaran Bahasa Asing, 2005, Jakarta:PBA
ﺎت
5
6ﺼﻄ ى ا ﻐ
،ﻊ اﻟﺪروس اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ) ،ﺮوت :ا ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺼﺮ ﺔ ،(1987ص21.
7ﺎ ا ﺨﻮرى ،اﻟﺠ ﺔ ﻰ اﻹ ﺸﺎء اﻟﻌﺮ ) ،ﺮوت :ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ دار ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺎن ا ﻄ ﺎ ﺔ
وا ﺮ ،(1998 ،ص7.
ﺪ ﺮوف ،ﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ ﺪرﻳ ﻬﺎ) ،ا ﺎهﺮة :دار ا ﺎس،(1975 ،
8ﺎ
ص195.
13
ب( ا ﺮ ﺮي وهﻮ ﺎدو ﻪ ا ﻄ ب ﻰ آﺮا ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ
ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت ﺮرة أو ﺮ ﺮات أو ﺎ ت أو ﺬآﺮات و ﺎ
ا ﻪ ذ ﻚ.
ﺚ ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت .وهﻮ ﺎن:
(2اﻹ ﺎء
أ( اﻹ ﺪا ﻰ هﻮ ا ﺮ ا ﺬى ﺎم ﻪ ا ﺮء ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪا ﺔ
ا ﺼ
ﻮ ﺔ ﺜ ﺮة و ﻈ ﺔ آﻜ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ت و ﺄ
وا ﺮ وا ﻈ ا ﺮ.
ب( ا ﻮﻇ ﻰ هﻮ ا ﺮ ا ﺬى ﺎم ﻪ ا ﺮء ﺼﺎ ﻪ ﻐ ﺮ
ﻮ ﺮ ﺎ ﺎ ﻪ او ﻈ ﺆون ﺎ ﻪ آﺎ ﺎد ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.9
ﺚ ا ﺪ وهﻮ ﺎن :
(3اﻹ ﺎء
ﻪ :
أ( اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ و ﻪ ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
أو أ ﺎط ﺪدة
ﺎل
.1أن ﻜﻮن ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ ﺎ
ﺮدات أو ﻮا ﺪ
.2أن ﻜﻮن ﻮا ﺎ ﺎ ﺮ ﺎ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺔ أو ﺮهﺎ.
ﺔ اﻹ ﺎء
.3أن ﻜﻮن أ ﻮرا أ ﺮى ﻬﺪف ا ﻰ ﻬ
ﺪى ا ﻄ ب.
ب ﺮة ﻰ ا ﺎر ا ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت
ب( اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺮ ﺔ آﺎن
10
ا ﻰ ﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس .
و ﻰ هﺬا ﺚ ﺼﺮ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ا ﻜ ﻮب ﻰ
ﻮ ﺎت آ ﺎب درس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ﺎ ﺪر ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
.2اﻹ ﺸﺎء اﻟ ﻮ ﻪ واﺳ ﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
ﺎ ا ﻮل ﻰ ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻬﻮ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺬى
ﺪ
.وإن هﺬا ا ﻮع
ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس ﺬ ﻰ ا ﺮ ﻰ ﻰء ﻜﺮ
اﻹ ﺎء ﻜﻮن ﺮ ﺔ ﻬ ﺔ ﻜ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮر ا ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺮ،
ﺔ و ﻮذج
ﺎر ا ﺎرات
ا ﺮﺔ
ﺚ ﻄﻰ ا ﺬ
9
،3ص 243
ا ﺨﺎ ﻪ ،ﻌ
اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ) ،ا ﺪار ا ﺼﺮ ﺔ وا ﺎ ﺔ ،د.س( ،ط
10
Mahmud Yunus, Metodik Khusus Pengajaran Bahasa Arab, (Jakarta: PT. Hadi Karya
Agung, 1979), h. 23
14
.3ﻃﺮق ﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ
ا زﺔ
أ ﺮ ا
ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ
ﺬ
ا
ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺎ ﻬﺎ ،أن ﻜﻮن إ ﺪادا ﺨﻄﻮات
ﺪو ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﻰ أو
ﺮ ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﻮ ﺎ ﺄ ﻬﺎ
ﻜ
اﻷ ﺎء ،و ﺪر
ﻰء
ﺎه ا ﺪرا ﺔ ﺼ
،ﻰ أى ﻬ
وا
ﺔ ا ﺪر و
ﺎح ا ﺪرس ﻰ
ﺪة ﻰ أ ﺮت
ا ﻐﺔ
وأآ ﺮهﺎ ا ﺼﺎدا .أ ﺎ ا ﻄﺮق ا ﺪر
ﺄ ﺮ ا
ﻬﻰ آ ﺎ ﻰ :
أو -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺮة
ﻰ أ ﺼﺮ و إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ﺎ ﻐﺔ
أن هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﺼ ا
اﻷ ﺔ دون ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ وإ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ وذ ﻚ
ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ،ﺚ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ ﻰ ﻮا
ﺮ
ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا ﺮ ﺰ ا ﻐﻮي و ﻮا ﺎ ﺮة دون و ﺎ ﺔ
ﻰ ﺿﺮورة ا ﺮ ﺔ إ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺎن أ ﺎع
و ﻐ
هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﺎﻹ ﺎرة إ ﻰ اﻷ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻮدة ﻰ ﺮة ا ﺪرا ﺔ
ا ﺪرس ﺪر ﺎ
ﺜ ا ﺎ ﺪ وا ﻮرة واﻷ ﻮاب وا ﻮا ﺬ،
ﺔ
ﺎ ﻮا ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ إ ﻰ أ ﺎء ﻮ ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ﻰ ا ﺔ ا
ﻰ ﺎرج ا ﺪر ﺔ ،وا ﺎن ﺆ ﺪو هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أ ﻀﺎ ﺎ ﺮآﺔ
ﺎ ا ﺮدات.11
وا ﺜ وا ﺼﻮر وا ﺮ ﻮم ﻮﺿ
ﺎ ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎﺋ ﺔ
ﻮع أآﺜﺮ
وهﻰ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﻜﻮن ﻬﺎ ﻮت ا ﺪرس هﻮ ا
ﺮ ﺪ ﺎ ﻰ ا ﺎﺋ أو ﺮدهﺎ ،و ﺎز ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎﺋ ﺔ
ﻜ ﻬ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ أو
اﻷ ﺎل ا ﺼﻐﺎر ﺪا ا ﺬ
ﺄ ﻬﺎ ﺎ
اﻹ ع .وهﻰ ﺎ ﻬ ﻰ ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت ﺜ :ﺮد ا ﺼ ،أو
ا ﻮادث .و ﻜ ﻮ
ا ﺎهﺪات ،أو ﺮح
و
اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
ح
ﺪا
ﺪ ا ﺮ ,ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ
11
15
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ,ﻜ ﺔ ﺎن ,ط ,1 .ص42 .
ﺔا ﻬﺔ
ﺎ ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا
ﺪر ﻬ ﻰ ﺪر
و ﺪ أ ﺪى ا ﺪر ﻮن ﺨﻮ ﺎ أول اﻷ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ ﻮال اﻷ ﺎ ا ﺨ ﺔ
ﺨﺪ
اﻄ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
ذ ﻚ إ ﻰ ﺪم ا ﺎ ﻬ إ ﻰ
ا ﺔ اﻷو ﻰ ﺪرا ﺔ ،و ﺮ
آ ﺎء ﻬ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ و ﺮ ﻬ ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ و ﺔ ﺮ ﻬ
ا ﺬي ﺆآﺪ هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أه ﺔ .و ﺪ ﺎول
ﺎ ﻄ اﺼ
ﺔ
ﺿ
واﺿ ﻮ هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﻮا ﺪر اﻹ ﻜﺎن
:اﻷو ﻰ ه ﺰو ﺪ آ ا ﻮاد
ﺪر ﻪ ﻄﺮ
ا ﺪرس
ﺨﺪ ر ﻮزا ﺜ آ ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﺎ
ﻄ ا
ا ﺔ ﺪ
ﻄ ﻬﺎ ﻰ
ﻐﻮ ﺎ وا ﺪا ،اه ﺎم ﺎص ﺎﻷ ﻮات ا ﻰ ﺼ
ا ﺪرس وا ﺬ .وا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ه اﻹ ﺎد ا ﺎدة ا ﺔ ﻰ
ﺪم
ا ﺪرج اﻷ ﺎط ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻬ إ ﻰ ا ﺼ ،ﺚ
و
ﻄﺎ ﻮ ﺎ وا ﺪا ﻰ آ ﺼﺔ درا ﺔ
ا ﺪرس إ
ا ﺮدات وا ﻜ ﺎت ا ﺪ ﺪة ﺪر اﻹ ﻜﺎن. 13
وا ﺪ
را ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮ وا ﺮ ﺔ
أ ﺎ اﻷ ﻄﺔ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ ا رآﺰت ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮى وا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺼﺮ ﺎت أ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ،وا ﺎ ﺔ
ﻬ ﻮا ﺪ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و
ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.
اﻷ
ﺎ ﻬ ﺎء واﻹ ء وا ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺔ
ﺮح ا ﻮا ﺪ ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ
و ﺼﺮ دور ﺪرس ا ﻐﺎت
ا ﺮ ﺔ .و ﻄ
ﺎ ا ﺮدات و ﺼ
أ ﺎ ﺎ ،و
ﺪا ﻪ ﺎدام ﻰ
ذ ﻚ ﻪ ﻬﻮدا ﺬآﺮ ا ﻀ ﺮ ﺪرس
ﺪر ﻬﺎ ،ﻜ ﺎ ﺎج إ ﻪ هﻮ أن ﺄل
إ ﺎم آﺎف ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا
ﻪ ﺮاءة ا
ﺔ ،ﻄ
ﺔ
آﺎﻪ
أن
ا
ا ﺎط
ﺮ ﺮح
و
ﺮاءة ﺎ ﺔ ،ة ﻮم هﻮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ أوا ﺼﺮ ﺔ و ﺎن ا ﺎ ﺪة وا ﺜ ﺎءا ﻬﺎ ،و ﺪ ﻮم ا ﺪرس
ﺬ ﺬ ﻚ،
ا ﻄ ﺔ ،أو ﻜ أ ﺪ ا
ﺮاءة ﻬﺮ ﺔ ﺰء
ﺪ ﺪا ﺎل ,ﻃﺮق اﻟ ﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ,ﻜ ﺔ ﺮ ,ص26 .
12د .ﺪ ا
ح ﺪ ا ﺪ ا ﺮ ،ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ
13اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ،ﻜ ﺔ ﺎن ،ص، 48 .ط1.
16
هﺬاا ﺚ ا ﺨﺪام
ﺮق ا ﺎ ﺔ أراد ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻬ و ﻜ
و
ﻰ أ ﺼﺮ و
ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺮة ،ﻷ أن هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﺼ ا
وإ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ
إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ دون ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ﻰ،
ا ﻐﺔ ﻰ ﻮا
ﺮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ وذ ﻚ
ﻐﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺰ ا ﻐﻮي و ﻮا ﺎ ﺮة دون و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺚ ﺮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا ﺮا
دآ ﻮر
ﻰ
ﻰ ﻮ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
14اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ، ......ص40 .
و دآ ﻮر
ﺎ
)
ح
ﺪا
ﺪ
ﺪا ﺮوءف ا ﺦ ،ا ﺮ ،ﻰ ا
ا ﻈﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﻄ
( ،ا ﻜ ﺔ وه ﺔ ا ﺎهﺮة.
ﺪ ا ﺮ ،ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ
17
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ
ﺪ
دآ ﻮر
ا ﺪر
ﻰ ا ﺨﻮ ﻰ ،ا ﺎ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ط.1410 .3.
1989م.
د .هﺪا ﺔ ،ﺨ ﺼﺮ ﺮق ا ﺪر
اﻹ ﺪو
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮا ﺔ ﻄ ب ﻰ ا ﺪارس وا ﺎهﺪ
ﺔ ،ﺎآﺮ ﺎ :ﺎ ﺔ ﺮ
هﺪا ﺔ اﷲ
ﺪ ،ا ﺮ ﺔ و ا ﻄﺮق ا ﺪر
ﺎ
ﺪا
ﺪا
ﺪ ﺪ ا ﺪ ﺼﻮر ،ﻜﻮ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
،ا ﺎهﺮة ،ط1.
ا ﻐﺔ
ﺔ وو ﺎﺋ ﺪر
ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ر ﺎض :دارا ﺎرف ،ط1.
ﺪ ﺎﻰا
ﺎن ،ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻰ ا ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ا ﺎهﺮة :
دارا ﺎرف،ط1.
ﺪ
ﺪ ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،إ
ﺪا ﺨﺎ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔا ﻚ
ﺪ ﻮ
و
ﺪ ﺎ
ﺎرات ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ،
ﻬﺪ ا ﻐﺔ
ﻮد
ﻜﺮى ،ا ﺮ ﺔ وا
،ﺎآﺮ ﺎ :دارا ﺎرف،
1989
Gnoinska, Anna, Teaching Vocabulary in Colour, English Teaching Forum. JulySeptember, 1998.
& Linderman, Marlene Gharbo, Art in The Elementary School, Madison: Brown
Benctimark Publishers, 1997.
Mahmud Yunus, Metodik Khusus Pengajaran Bahasa
Arab, Jakarta : PT. Hadi Karya Agung,1979
18
M. Sastro Proja, Kamus Istilah Pendidikan dan Umum, Surabaya : Usaha
Nasional,
1991
M. Chotib Thoha, Teknik Evaluasi Pendidikan, PT. RajaGrafindo Persada,
Jakarta.
Sahartian dan Frans Mahateru, Prinsip Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan, Surabaya
Usaha Nasional, 1992. cet. Ke-1
Suhartini Ari Kunto, Pengelolaan Materi, Jakarta : PT. Prima Karya, 1987. cet.
Ke-1.
Soenardi Djiwandono, Tes Bahasa Dalam Pengajaran, Bandung : Penerbit ITB,
1996.
Zahara idri dan Lisna Jamal, Pengantar Pendidikan, Jakarta : PT. Gramedia
Widiarsana Indonesia, 1995. cet. Ke-2, jilid 1.
19
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﻣﻨﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
أ -ﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻣﺼﺎدر
ﺪى إ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر
إن ا ﺚ ا ﺬى ﻮم ﻪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻜ
ا ﺪر ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﺔ آ ﺔ .وذ ﻚ أن
ﺮ ﺔ
وه
ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء
ﺔا
ا ﺎ ﺎت ﻰ
ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻄ
ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ،
ﺬ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎ ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا
هﺬا ا ﺚ ا ﺪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ اﻷ ﻮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎءات
ذ ﻚ ﻷن
ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺎت وا ﻮ ﺎت
و ﺔ اﻹ ﺎرات ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ا ز ﺔ .و ﺎم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ﺔ ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ .وأ ﺬ ا ﺎ ﺚ أ ﻀﺎ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ﺪ اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﺎ ﺚ.
ا ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻜ ا
.1اﻟ ﺠ ﻊ اﻟ ﺪروس واﻟﻌ ﻨﺔ
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا
ا ﺪروس ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ هﻮ
ا
2008/2007م
ﺎم ا ﺪرا
ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
19
إدارة ا
ا ﺎدا ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﺼﺎدرة
ﺨ
ا ﺪر ﺔ ،ﺈن ﺪده 34ﺨﺼﺎ ،وه ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ﺔ وا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ اﻹ
ا ﺮﻮﺔ
اﻹ ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ .وذ ﻚ ﻈﻬﺮ ا ﺪول ا ﺎ ﻰ :
ﺎﻣﻮﻻ
اﻟﺠﺪول اﻷول
ﺪد اﻟ ﻼﻣ ﺬ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ ﻣ اﻟ ﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺷﺪﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮﺳﻄﺔ
ا
ا
ا
ا
ﻚ
ا ﺨ ﺎت
ا ﺪارس
ﺬ
ﺬات
ﻮع ا ﻜ ﻰ
ﺎء
%100
ا ﺎﻰ:
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ
ﺔ
اﻹ
8
7
15
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن ا ﺪارس
اﻹ ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
5
4
9
ا ﺎﺋﺔ ﺄ ﺬ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺔ
ا ﺪروس أ
ﻰ أن ا
ا ﺪول
ﺪد ا ﻄ ب ﻰ 34ﺨﺼﺎ .وذ ﻚ ﻈﻬﺮ
اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ
ﺪد اﻟﻌ ﻨﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﻼﻣ ﺬ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ ﻣ اﻟ ﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺷﺪﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮﺳﻄﺔ
ﺎﻣﻮﻻ
ا
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ
20
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن ا ﺪارس
ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
ا
ا
ﺬ
ﺬات
ﻮع ا ﻜ
5
4
9
8
7
15
. 2أﺳ ﻮب ﻊ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
ﻬﺎ ه
ا ﺼﻮل
ا ﺎ ﺚ
إن ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﻰ ﺮ
ﻮز اﻹ ﺎءات ا ﻰ ووز ﻬﺎ
ﺮ
ﺎرات ا ﺮ ﺮ ﺔ
ا
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻪ ا ﺼﻮل ﻬﺎ إ ﻰ ا
ﺪرس
وآﺬ ﻚ ﺎ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ.
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ هﺬ ا ﺎ ﺎت ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺔ :
و
ﻬﺎ إ ﺎرات ﺮ ﺮ ﺔ ﻀ
.1اﻹ ﺎءات ا ﻰ آﺎ
ﺬ
ﺔ ﺎﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮز ﻬﺎ ا ﺎ ﺚ إ ﻰ
اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ.
ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ
.2ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ ا ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ
ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻜ ت ا
ا ﺮ ﺔ.
.3ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺔ ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﺎﺋ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﻜ ا ﻰ
ﺔ ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ.
ﻬﺎ
-3أﺳ ﻮب ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر
و هﺬا ا ﺚ ﺎم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﻰ ا ﺨﻄﻮات اﻷ ﺔ :
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺬ
ﺪرة ا
ا ﺎ ﺎت
.1ا ﺨﻄﻮة اﻷو ﻰ ه ﺼ
ﺎرات
ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﺎ ﺔ.
21
ﻚ ا ﺎ ﺎت إ ﻰ
.2ا ﺨﻄﻮة ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ه
:
ا ﺪر ﺎت اﻷو ﻰ ﺪر ﺔ 100 - 90 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 89 - 80 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺜﺎ ﺜﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 79 – 70 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺮا ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 69 – 60 ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺨﺎ ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 59-4أﺳ ﻮب ﺤ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
أ ﺎ :
ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ
ا ﺎ ﺎت
أﺎ
ﺬ 100 – 90ﺪل
:إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
أو
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺎز
ﺬ 89 – 80ﺪل
ﺎ ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪ ﺪا
ﺬ 79 – 70ﺪل
ﺎ ﺜﺎ :إذاآﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﺎو ﺔ ﺪ
ﺬ 69 – 60ﺪل
را ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻮل
ﺬ 59ﺪل ﻰ أن
ﺎ ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ را
22
در ﺎت وه
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﺪر
اﻹ ﺎء
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\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
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\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\rtlrow\ts15\trqr\trgaph108\trleft108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1651\clshdrawnil
\cellx2149\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3029\clshdrawnil
\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
\rtlrow}\pard\plain \rtlpar\qj
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
2}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 \'e5\'e4\'cf\'c7\'d1
\'da\'e1\'ed}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6570063\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard\plain
\ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0
\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\trowd \irow2\irowband2\rtlrow\ts15\trqr\trgaph108\trleft108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1651\clshdrawnil
\cellx2149\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3029\clshdrawnil
\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
\rtlrow}\pard\plain \rtlpar\qj
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
3}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063
\'d0\'e6\'c7\'e1\'df\'dd\'e1}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6570063\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 6}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard\plain
\ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0
\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\trowd \irow3\irowband3\rtlrow\ts15\trqr\trgaph108\trleft108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1651\clshdrawnil
\cellx2149\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3029\clshdrawnil
\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
\rtlrow}\pard\plain \rtlpar\qj
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
4}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 \'da\'c8\'cf
\'c7\'e1\'d1\'cd\'e3\'e4}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6630512\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 5}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe
ﻮﺿﻮع "ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼّﻮر ا ﻮّ ﺔ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﺪّم هﺬا ا ﺚ
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ﺎ ﻮ "إ ﻰ آ ﺔ ﻮم ا ﺮ ﺔ وا ّ
ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ﻮم ا ﺨﺎ
ﺔ ا ﻜﻮ ﺔ ﺎآﺮ ﺎ ،و ﺪ ﻮ
ﺎ ﺔ ﺮ هﺪا ﺔ اﷲ اﻹ
6ﺎ ﻮ 2010م أ ﺎم ﺔ اﻹ ﺎن .و ﺎل ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ اﻷو ﻰ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ﺎآﺮ ﺎ 6 ،ﺎ ﻮ 2010م
ﺎن
ﺔا
ا ﻮ
ﺎن
ﺎر ﺦ ا
رﺋ ا ﺔ )رﺋ ا (
_________
ﺮ
ا ﺪآ ﻮر أ ﺪ درد ﺮي ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﻮﻇ 195402011987121001:
ﻜﺮ ﺮ ا ﺔ ) ﻜﺮ ﺮ ا (
_____________
_________
ﺮ
ﻮا ﻰ ا ﺎ
ر ا ﻮﻇ 197305051999032003:
اﻷوّل
ا
_________
ﺮ
ا ﺪآ ﻮر أ ﺪ درد ﺮي ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﺔﻇ 195402011987121001:
ا ﺜﺎ
ا
_________
ﺮ
ز ا ّ ا ﺎ
_____________
ر ا ﻮﻇ 197210211997031002 :
ﺼﺪق ﻪ:
ﺪاﻜ ﺔ
ﺮ
ا ﺮو ﻮر ا ﺪآ ﻮر د ﺪي ر ﺎدا ا ﺎ
ر ا ﻮﻇ 195710051987031003 :
أ-
ﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﻐﺔ
ﺮ ﺎ أن ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ه ﻐﺔ ا ﺮﺁن ،وا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
إ ﻰ ﺎ أ ﻬﺎ
ه ﻐﺔ ا ﺼﺎل ﺎ
،
د و ﻀﺎرة
ﺔ
ا ﺆ ﺎت ا
ﺔ
إ ﺪى ا ﻐﺎت اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﻐ ﺮ
ا ﺎ
أ ﺪم ا ﻐﺎت ا ﺔ
ﺈ ﺪو ﺎ .وإ ﻬﺎ
وا ﺪ .
ا ﻐﺔ ه ﺎ ﺎ ﻐﻮي
هﺎ
و ا ﺮوف أن ه ﺎك ﺎ
ﺮ ﻐﻮي .ﺎ ﻮا ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﻬ اﻷ ﻮات وا ﺮدات
و ﺎ
ﺮ ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﻬ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
وا ﻮا ﺪ وا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ أو اﻹ ﺎء ،وأ ﺎ ا ﻮا
أن ﻬ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس
ﺔ ﺚ أ ﻬﺎ ذات أه ﺔ آ ﺮى
ا
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .و ﺎ ﻈﺮ إ ﻰ أه ﺔ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻄ
ا ﺎم
ﺔ وا ﻜ ﻮ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺪ ﺪ
ﺪار ﻰ ا ﺜﺎ ﻮ ﺔ وا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
ﻬﺎج ا
ﺨ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ وأ ﻬﺎ ﺪ
ﺔ ﻬﺔ
ﺮ ﺎ أن ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺬ ،واﻷهﺪاف
ﺮا ﺎة ﻄﻮر ذآﺎء ا
آﺜ ﺮا إذا ا ﺨﺪ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻮدة ،و ا ﻜ ت
ﺔ ،وا ﺼﺮ ﺔ،
ﺪة أ ﻮاع ،ﻬﺎ و ﺎﺋ ا
ﺔ ﻜﻮن
ا
ﺔ وا ﺼﺮ ﺔ ،وا ﺮآﺔ وا ﺼﺎ ﺔ.
وا
ﺪار ﺎ
ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
و ﺪ ﻮ ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺰ ﺪ ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ،و ﻬﺎ ﻮا ﺔ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ.
1
ﺔ ﻮ ﻪ ﺎم ،ه :1
ﻮاﺋﺪ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻜﺎ
-1ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺎت ﻷن ﻜﻮن ﻈ ﺎ ) ) (verbalismeﻜ
(.
أ ﺎظ ﻜ ﻮ ﺔ أو ﺎن
س.
-2ج ا ﺼﺎر ا ﻜﺎ وا ﺰ ﺎ وا ﺼﺎر ا ﻮا ّ
ﺪة ا ﺨﺪا ﺎ ﻮ ﺎ .و هﺬا
ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺎ
-3آﻮ ﺔ
ﺬ ،وﻹ ﻜﺎن إ ﺼﺎل
ﺔ ﻹ ﺮاز ر ﺔ ا
ﺪ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻪ ﺪر
ﻮا
ﻬ إ ﺼﺎ ﺎ ﺮا ،و ﻜ ﻬ أن
ﻬ و
إ ﻜﺎ ﻬ و ﻬ .
ﻮع اﻹ ﺎء -ﻬﻮ اﻹ ﺎء
وأ ﺎ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ –وهﻮ ﻮع
2
اﻷ ﻜﺎر.
ﻪ إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ وا ﺮ
ا ﺬي ﻮ ﻪ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
ﻜﻮ ا ﺮدات،
،ﺮ ا
و ﺮ ﻪ ﺜ إ ﺎدة آ ﺎ ﺔ ا
اﻷ ﺔ و ﺮ ذ ﻚ.
إآ ﺎل ا ﺎرات ا ﺎ ﺼﺔ ،اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ
ﺬ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ أ ﻪ ﺪ ﺪ ا
ﺪر
و ﻚ
ﻪإﻰا ﻜﺮ
ﺪم ا ﺎدة ،وه ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
ا ﻜ ت
ﺎل إ ﺪى
ا ﻜﺎر .ﺬا ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ
ء وا ﺮ
ﻚ
ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ ه ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا ﻜ ت
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء
ﺔ هﺎ ﺔ
و ﺜ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ
ﻮا
ا ﺨﺪا ﻬﺎ
ا ﻮ ﻪ وآ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
أن ﺨﺪم ا ﺪرس ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ
اﻷ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ﺬا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
و ﺎء ﻰ ا ﻄ ا ﻜﺮ ا ﺎ ،ﻮد ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ﺚ ﺜﺎ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﺎ ﻮان "ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ ".
وا ﺎر ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ﻜﺎن ﺜﻪ ﻷن ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﺪ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺜﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
1
Arif Sadiman dkk., Media Pendidikan; Pengertian, Pengembangan dan
Pemanfaatannya, (Jakarta: PT. Grafindo Persada, tt.), h. 17-18
2
ﺪ ﺼﻮر ،اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟ ﻌﺒ ﺮ وﻣﺸﺎآ ﻪ و ﻼ ﻪ) ،دط ،دت( ،ص 244
2
ب-
ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
-1ﺸﺨ ﺺ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
أ( ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ب( ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ
ج( ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
-2ﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺨ
اﻄ ﺎ
:
أ( ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮرة ا
ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا
ب( ر ﺔ ا ﺪار
ﺬ اﺼ
ا ﻮﺔ
ﺎﻮ .
ج( ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮرة ا
ا ﻜ ا ﺮ ﺔ وهﻰ
ﺮا
هﺪا ﺎت ا ﺎ
ا
ﻜ ت ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪد ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺜﻪ
ﺎ
ﺬ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ﻮﺔ
ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر
ﺪر
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺨﺪام
ﻮﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺄ اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر د.
ﺪ 3و ﺔ 2006م.
-3ﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟ ﺸﻜﻼت
ﺪ ﺪ ا ﻜ ت ا ﺬآﻮرة ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺮ ﺮهﺎ
اﻄ ﺎ
آﺎ :
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
ﺔ ا ﺨﺪ ﺔ
أ( ﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ ؟
ﺔ
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺎرهﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ب( آ
ﺬ درس اﻹ ﺎء؟
إ ﻄﺎء رد ا ﺎ
3
ج( آ
ا ﻮ ﻪ؟
ج-
ر ﺔا
ﺬ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺪر
اﻹ ﺎء
أهﺪاف اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ر ﺔا
هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻬﻮ ا ﻜ
اﻷهﺪاف
وأ ﺎ
ﺬ اﺼ
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ .
د-
ﺬ
ﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
وأ ﺎ ا ﻮاﺋﺪ هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻬ آ ﺎ :
ﺮ ﺔا ﻬ
ﺔ ﻰ
أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ درا ﺎت
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
ﺔ ﻰ ﻬ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
(1أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ درا ﺎت
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ا ﻮاد ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎو ﻬﺎ
(2أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ل درا ﻪ ﻰ هﺬ ا ﺎ ﺔ.
ﺮوة ا ﻮث ا ﺔ
(3أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻮﺿﻮع
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺼﻮ ﺎ
ﻮ ا
ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻜﺎر ا ﺪرس
(4أن ﻜﻮن هﺬا ا ﺚ ﻄ
ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪار ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ا ﺨﺪام آ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻄﻮ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ
(5ﺎع ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ
ﻜ ا
ﺎﻮ .
هـ -ﻣﻨﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ آ ﺎ ﻪ
4
.1ﻮع ا ﺚ
ﺔآ ﺔ.
ا ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ آ ﺎ ﺔ هﺬا ا ﺚ هﻰ ﺮ ﺔ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر
ﺔا
ا ﺎ ﺎت ﻰ
وذ ﻚ أن ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ﻄ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ،
ﺬ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا
ا ﺪرا ﺔ وا ﺔ و ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
.2
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ﻰ ا ﺼ
ا
ا ﺪروس
ا
ﺪده إ ﻰ 34ﺬا .
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺎم ا ﺪرا 2008/2007و ﺪ و
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ا ﺼ
ا ﺪروس هﺬا ا ﺚ ـ ا
و
ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ﺎم ا ﺪرا 2008/2007م ,وآﺎن ﺪده ار و ﻮن )(34
ﺬ ا ﺬ ﺪر ﻮن ا ﺪر ﺔ .و ﻜﻮن
ا
ﺬا .و ﻜﻮن ا ﺔ
ا ﺔ 13ﺬا و 11ﺬات.
.3ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت
ﺎ ﺔ ا
ﻮم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎء ا ﺪر
ﺔ
)(observasi
اﻹ ﺎءات ) (quisionerا ﻰ آﺎ
اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﺔ وإد ﺎل در ﺎت ﺪرة ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ و ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ )(interview
ﺮ ﺔ ﻮل ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻰ ﻚ ا ﺪر
ﻈﺎت
ﺎ ﺎت ﺎ
ﺔ و ﻮﺿ ا ﺪر ﺎت
ﻬﺎ اﻷ ﺔ ﻮز ﻬﺎ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر
ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ.
ا ﺎ ﺎت
.4ﺮ ﺔ /أ ﻮب
ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت ه ا ﺎم
ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺔ ،ا ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺪة "ا ﺔ ا ﺎﺋﻮ ﺔ"
ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا
distribusi presentaseﺎ ﺮ ﻮز ا ﺔ :
اﻹ ﻀﺎح :
:ا
P
P: fx100
N
ﺔ ا ﺎﺋﻮ ﺔ
5
F
N
:ا ﻜﺮار
ﻮع
:ا
ﺪ ﺮ ا ﺪر ﺎت آ ﺎ ﻰ :
ﺪى ا ﺪر ﺎت
100-90
89-80
79-70
69-60
59-50
ﺪﺮ
ﺎز
ﺪ ﺪا
ﺪ
ﻮل
را
در ﺎت
ا ﺪﺮ ﻰ
و
ﺬ 100-90ﺈ ﻪ
اﻷول :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
" ﺎز"
ﺬ 89-80ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺜﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ﺪا"
ﺬ 79-70ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺜﺎ ﺚ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ﺬ 69-60
:إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
ا ﺮا
" ﻮل"
ﺬ 59-50ﺈ ﻪ
ا ﺨﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ا
3
"را "
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ" ﺪ
ﺼ
ﺈﻪ
ﻰ ﺪ ﺮ " ﺪ"
ﺼ ﻰ ﺪﺮ
ﺼ
ﻰ ﺪﺮ
.5ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ
)Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 1997
6
3
أ
ﻰ آ ﺎ ﺔ هﺬا ﺚ ﺎج ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺬى ﺮ ﻪ ﻜﻮن
وأآ و ﺪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب :
Pedoman Penulisan skripsi, Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Syahid
Jakarta 2007
.6ﻈ ا ﺚ
ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ هﺬاا ﺚ ﻰ
و ﻬ اﻷ ﺮ ﻰ هﺬاا ﺚ،
ﺼ ﺔ ا ﺎب اﻷول ا ﻰ
أ ﻮاب و ﻜ أ ﻮاب ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺔ ﺮا
ا ﺎب ا ﺨﺎ ،ا ﺎ ﻈ ﻬ آ ﺎ ﻰ :
ا ﺎب اﻷول :ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ هﺬاا ﺚ ﺪ ﺔ وهﻰ ﻜﻮن
ا ﺚ ،وا ﻜ ت ﺨ ﺼﻬﺎ و ﺪ ﺪهﺎ
و ﺮ ﺮهﺎ ،وأهﺪاف ا ﺚ ،و ﺎه ا ﺚ ،و ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ و ﻈ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ وا ﺪرا ﺎت ا ﺎ ﺔ،
ﺮ ا ﺼﻮر
ا ﺎب ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ :ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ اﻹ ﺎر ا ﻈﺮي وه
ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺮوط ا ﺼﻮر وأه ﻬﺎ ،وا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺔ ،و ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺎء وأ ﻮا ﻬﺎ ،واﻹ ﺎء
وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﻪ وا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ،و ﺮق ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ.
ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺎه ا ﺚ ﻮ ﻬﺎ و ﺼﺎدرهﺎ،
ا ﺎب ا ﺜﺎ ﺚ :
ا ﺎ ﺎت،
ا ﺪروس وا ﺔ ،وأ ﻮب
وا
ا ﺎ ﺎت.
وأ ﻮب ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت ،وا ﻮب
ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
و ﺄ ﻬﺎ ،وو ﻮع ا ﻐﺮا ،و ﻜﺎ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ ،ووﻇﺎﺋ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ﺮ ا ﺮ ﺔ و ﻄﻮ ﺮهﺎ.
اﻹ
ﺔ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
:ﺚ ا ﺎ ﺚ
ا ﺎب ا ﺮا
و ﺄ ﻬﺎ ،وو ﻮع ا ﻐﺮا ،
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺮ ا ﺎ ﺎت.
ا ﺎ ﺎت،
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ،و
7
ا ﺎب ا ﺨﺎ
:ﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ ا ﺨﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ
وا ﺮا ﺎت و ﺮا ا ﺚ.
8
ﻮى
ﻰ اﺨ
ﺔ
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎ
اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺮي
أـ ﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ
أه ﻬﺎ أ ﺮ إ ﺎ
ﺔ
و ﺎﺋ ا
إن ا ﺼﻮرة و ﺔ
ﺎل
ا ﺮ ﺔ آ ﺎ ﺎل ا ﺪآ ﻮر ﻰ ا ﺎ ﻰ ":إن ا
اﻄ ب و
ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺮى ﻮد ﻮاﺋﺪ
ا ﺼﻮرة ﻰ ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ
ﺔ و ﻐﻮ ﺔ ﺪ ﺪة ﻰ ا ﺪرس وا ﻄ ب ﻰ
ﺔ و
ﺮﻮﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺔو ﺔ
ﺬو
ﻮاء .و أه هﺬا ا ﻮاﺋﺪ أ ﺎر ا ﺎ ا
ا ﻜ ت ا ﺪ ا ﺰ ﺎ ﻰ وا ﻜﺎ ﻰ .ﺮاد
ﺬوف ا ﻰ ﻄ ب و
ﺔ اﻷ ﺎل ا ﻄ ﺔ آﺎ ﻰ
ر ﻮز ﺼﻮرة
ﺎ ﺼﻮرة ﺎرة
ت وا ﺮاﺋﺪ وا ﺎ ﻮ ﺔ ،وآﺬ ﻚ ا ﺼﻮرة
ﺎهﺪهﺎ ﻰ ا ﻜ وا
ﻬﺎ أ ﺎل ﺪو ﺔ إ ﺎ ﺎ
ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة ا ﺮ ﻮم ا ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺮا ﺔ و ﺪ
وا ﻄ ب ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة واﻷوراق.
ﺎ ﺮا ،ﺜ ﺎ ﺮ ا
ﻪ ذا
آ ﺔ " ّﻮن – ّﻮن" أي
إن ا ﻜ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺼﺪر
Linderman
ﺪار
أ ﻮان و ﺎهﺎ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻹ ﺰ ﺔ ) . ( coloredور
ﻪ
ﻮ ﻪ ،و
ﻜ ﻪ،
"أن ا ﻮن و ﺪ آﺎ ،وا ﻮن
1
ﺮ ﺎ و ﺰﺎ .
ا ﻜﺎل ﺨ ﺔ ،وأو ﺪ ا ﻮن ﺄ ﺮ ا ﻰ إد ﺎل ا
.
ﺔا
وا ﻮن ﺄ ﺮ ا ﻬﺎﺋ
1
& Linderman, Marlene Gharbo, Art in Elementary School, Madison: Brown
Bencthimark Publisher, 1997.
9
ﻮق ا ﻮن و ﺮة ﺮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
و ﺎل ﺎ ﻮ ﻜﺎ Gnoinskaآﺎ
ﺔ
ﺎل ا ﻮن ﻰ ﺎ ﺔ
أو اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ إﺿﻄﺮاب .وا
ﻬ ا
ﺪ إ ﻰ ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺔ .وا ﻮن ﺪا ﺪار ا ﺼ أو ا ﺎس
ا
ﺬ ﻪ.2
ﺈ ﻪ ﻜ أو ﻐ ا
ا ﺪر
آﺎن ا ﻮن ﺼﻮر ﻄ ﺎ وا ﺎ ﺎ .ﻰ ا ﺜ ،ﻮن اﻷ ﺮ ﻮد
أو ا ﻐﻀ .
إ ﻰ ا ﺎل أو أ ﻪ ﻰ ﺪة ا
ب -ﺷﺮوط اﻟﺼﻮرة
ﺪة ﺼﺎل
ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ،وا ﺪرس
ﻜﻰ ﻜﻮن ا ﺼﻮرة ا
أن ﺮا ﻰ
ا ﺎط ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺪ ا ﺎر ا ﺼﻮرة :
.1أن ﻜﻮن ا ﺼﻮرة ﺜ ﺮة ﻹه ﺎم ا ﺪارس ﺚ ﺬف إ ﺎهﻪ
و ﻮذ ا ﻜ ﺮ.
.2ﺮا ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺼﻮرة ،ﻰ ﺰداد ا ﺎﺋﺪة ﻬﺎ
ﺔ
.3أن ﻜﻮن ﻮ ﺎ ﻬﺎ أه ﺔ
ﺪد
ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺔ ﺪا وأن ﺎ
.4أن ﻜﻮن إ ﺎ ﻬﺎ
ﺎ ﺼ ،وا ﺼﻮرة ا ﻮ ﺔ أ ﻬﺎ أآﺜﺮ أ ﺎرة ﻹ ﺎ
ا ﺪار
ا ﺪار .
ج -أه ﺎت اﺳ ﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ
إن أه ﺔ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا
ﺨﺪ ﻮن
اﺬ
ﺎ ف ا ﺪر
أه ﺔ آ ﺮة ﻰ ا ﺪر ا ﻮاد ا ﺨ
أه ﺔ ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ
آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
ا ﺪر
ﻮ
ﻮﺔ ﺨ
ا ﻬ ،وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ذات
اﻮ ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ .و
ﺔو
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻬﺎ ﻮاﺋﺪ
ﺪر
2
Gnoinska, Anna, Teaching vocabulary, English Teaching Proffesional, Issue Thirteen,
October, 1999.
10
(1
(2
(3
(4
(5
(6
(7
ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ اﻹدراآﻰ
ا ﻮاد ا
ﻮ ﺮ اﻷ
ﻬ ﻮن ﺎهﺎ.
ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﻄ ب ا ﻈ ﺔ ا ﺬ
ﺄ ﺮ إ ﻰ در ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺮة ﻰ إه ﺎم ا ﻄ ب.
ﻮ ﺮ ا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﻮا ﺔ و ﺜ ﺮ ا ﺎط ا ﺬا ﻰ ﻄ ب.
ﺮ.
ﺎ ﺪ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ا ﻮق ا
ﺬ ﺔ اﻷ ﺮ.
ا ﺨ ﺮات ا
ا ﺰ ﺎدة ﻰ ا ﻮ ا ﻰ ﺰ ﺪ ﺮو ﻬﺎ.
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ أدوات
ا ﺼﻮل
ﻮ ﺮ اﺨﺮ ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺼ
3
ﻰ ز ﺎدة ا
ﺔآ ﺎ
وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
و ﺎ ﻬﺎ .
ﺔ
د -اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ و اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋ اﻟ ﻌ
ﺎ
"ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ " ﻜﻮن
ﺔ" ﻜﻮن
إن آ ﺔ "ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ا ﻮ ﺔ و ﺎهﺎ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ " ﺎ ﺮب إ ﻰ ا ﻐ ﺮ" .وهﻰ ﺎرة
ﺬ و ﻮﺿ ﺎ
ﺎ ﺪ ﺪا ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ا ﺎت ﺮب ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس
ا ﺬي
ا ﻮ ﺎت وأ ﻜﺎر .و ﻰ اﻷ ﺮ هﻮ "ا ﻮ
ﻪ
ﺬ.
اﻰا
اﺮ ﺎﺔ ا
ّ - ّ -ﺎ ،و ﺼﺪ ﻬﺎ
ﺔ" ﻬﻰ ﺼﺪر
وأ ﺎ ا ﻜ ﺎت "ا
ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺎن ﻰ آ ﺎ ﻪ ا ﻮ ﻪ
" و ﺎل
" ا ﻮ ﺎت ا
ﺎ اﻹ ﻄ ﻰ هﻮ اﻹ ﺼﺎل
ﻰ ا ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ "إن ا
ﺬ".
ا ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ا
ﺔ هﻰ اﻷدوات واﻷ ﻬﺰة
و ﻰ ذ ﻚ ﻀ ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﻹ ﺼﺎل ا
ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ﻰ ا ﺔ ا
ا ﺨ ﺔ ا ﻰ
ﺬ.
وا ﺮ ﺔ ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺎ ا ﻰ أذهﺎن ا
ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ،هﻰ :
واﻮ ﺔا
أ .ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر
ا ﺎدة
ﺔ ا ﻬ ﺔ ،أ ﻪ
ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر إ ﺪى ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺬ.
ﻰ ا ﺪرس إ ﺎهﺎ ا
ا ﻰ
ب .ا ﺼﻮرة
ـ
3د.
ﺪ ا ﺰ ﺰ ،اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ و ﻜﺮ اﻟ
ﻘﺒ ﻰ)،دار ا
11
،ﺮوت( ،ص ،204 .ط1991 ،1.
ﺔ اﻷ ﺎل ا ﻄ ﺔ
ر ﻮز ﺼﻮرة
ﺮاد ﺎ ﺼﻮرة ﺎرة
ﺄ ﺎل
ا ﻰ ﺎهﺪهﺎ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺪر و ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻰ
ﺬ ﻰ ا ﻮرة
وا
ﺪو ﺔ إ ﺎ ﺎ ﺎ ﺮا ﺜ ﺎ ﺮ ﻪ ا
واﻷوراق.
ج .ا ﺬ ﺎع وا ﺮ وا ﺰ ﻮن وا ﻮ ﺔ
ﺮاد ﺎ ﺬ ﺎع وا ﺮ وا ﺰ ﻮن وا ﻮ ﺔ ه ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ
ا ﺮدات واﻹ ﺎء ،إ ﻬﺎ و ﺎﺋ
ﺨﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس ﻰ ا
ﻐ ﺮ ﺨﺮج ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﻰ وأ ﻮات .وا ﺎ ا ﺮ ﻬﻮ ا ﻮات
.
ﺪرج
ا ﺮدات
ﻰ
ﻬ
ﺬ
ﺔ أ ﺎم ا
و ﺪ إن ﺪم ا ﺪرس ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﺔ
ا ﺎط ﻹ ﺎت ا ﺎت وا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﻰ ا ﻄﺎ ﻬﺎ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
ﻄﺮ ﺔ آ ﺎ ﻰ:
ﻮ
ﻮﺿﻮع ﺎهﺪو أو ا
ﺬ ﺨ
ﺎم ا
(1
ا ﻮﺿﻮع
ر ﻮم ﺮة
(2
ا ﺨ ﺮات ﻰ
ﺬ
ﻪا
(3إ ﺎء ا ﺎﺿﺮة ﺮح ﺎ ﺼ
ا ﺼ او إ ﺪى ا ﺮ ت ا ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺎت ﻮل
ا ﺨ
(4ا ﺎم ﺮ ﺔ ﺼﺪ اﻹ ﺮادة
ﻮﺿﻮع
ﺔ
أ ﺮاض ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﻬﺎ أ ﺮاض آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
إن ا ﺨﺪام ا ﻮ ﺔ ا
ا ﻮاس
و ﻰ ا ﺎر
ﺔ ا ﺪر ا
ﺎ ﺪ ﻰ
أ(
ﺬ ﻰ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ و ﻰ ا ﺎب
ﺎ ﺪ ا
ب(
ا ﺨ ﺮات ا ﺪ ﺪة
ﺄم
ا ﺮدد ا ﻈﻰ ﻰ ا ﺔ ا ﺮ ﻮ ﺔ ﻰ
ﺬ
ﺪا
ج(
4
ﺬ ا ﺪرس
ا
هـ.ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ إﺳ ﻌ ﺎﻟﻬﺎ
4
Sahertian dan Frans Mataheru, Prinsip dan teknik Supervisi Pendidikan , (piet A Usaha
Nasional, Surabaya, 1992) Cet. Ke-1, hal-20.
12
ه ﺎك ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ، 5
ﺮ ﺔ ﺰا ﺎ و ﻮب و
ﻜ
أن
ا
ا ﻮاﺿ أراد ا ﺎ ﺚ أن ﺨﺪم ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺨ ﺎرة وا ﻬ
ﻮ ﻰ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻄ ب و ﻄﺮ ﺔ ،وه آ ﺎ ﻰ:
ﺔ وه
ﺪ ا ﺎدة ا ﺪرا ﺔ وا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
أن
.1ﺪى
ﻬﺎ.
ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ واﻷ ﺔ ﺎ
اﻷ ﻜﺎر ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﺎو ﻬﺎ ا ﺼﻮر
ﺪار
.2ﺮح ا
ﻬﺎ ﺎ ﻬ ا ﺪرا .
ا ﻮﺔو
ﺎ ا ﻜ ﺎت ا ﺪ ﺪة و ﺮح اﻷ ﺎط ا ﺼﻮر
.3ﻮﺿ ا
ﺮض ﻬﺎ اﻷ ﺔ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا
و -ﻣ ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺸﺎء
ﺎء ﺎر آﺜ ﺮة ﻬﺎ :
إن
6
ﺮ ا ﻄﺎ ﺔ ا ﺔ ﻰ ذات ا
أ( أ ﻪ
اﻷ ﻜﺎر
ب( أ ﻪ إ ﺼﺎح اﻹ ﺎن ﺎ ﻪ أو ﻪ ﺎ ﻰ ﻪ
7
وا ﺎ ﻰ
ج( أ ﻪ ﻐﺔ اﻹ ﺎ ﺔ ﻰ ا ﺼﺎح ﺎ ﻮل ﻰ ﺎ ﺮ اﻹ ﺎن
8
أ ﻜﺎر و ﺎ ﺮ ﺚ ﻬ ﻪ ا ﺮون
.1أ ﻮاع اﻹ ﺸﺎء
ﺔ ﺜﺎت .وه :
ﻜﻮن اﻹ ﺎء اوا ﺮ
ﺚ ﻜ ﻪ .وهﻮ ﺎن:
(1اﻹ ﺎء
أ( ا ﻬﻰ وهﻮ ﺮف ﺎ ﺎد ﺔ وا ﺨﻄ وإ ﺎء ا
واﻹر ﺎدات وا ﺼ وا ﺎ ﺔ و ﺎ ﺪا ذ ﻚ.
Fachrurrozi, Aziz, Kapita Selecta Pengajaran Bahasa Asing, 2005, Jakarta:PBA
ﺎت
5
6ﺼﻄ ى ا ﻐ
،ﻊ اﻟﺪروس اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ) ،ﺮوت :ا ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺼﺮ ﺔ ،(1987ص21.
7ﺎ ا ﺨﻮرى ،اﻟﺠ ﺔ ﻰ اﻹ ﺸﺎء اﻟﻌﺮ ) ،ﺮوت :ﻜ ﺔ ا ﺪر ﺔ دار ا ﻜ ﺎب ا ﺎن ا ﻄ ﺎ ﺔ
وا ﺮ ،(1998 ،ص7.
ﺪ ﺮوف ،ﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ ﺪرﻳ ﻬﺎ) ،ا ﺎهﺮة :دار ا ﺎس،(1975 ،
8ﺎ
ص195.
13
ب( ا ﺮ ﺮي وهﻮ ﺎدو ﻪ ا ﻄ ب ﻰ آﺮا ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ
ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت ﺮرة أو ﺮ ﺮات أو ﺎ ت أو ﺬآﺮات و ﺎ
ا ﻪ ذ ﻚ.
ﺚ ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت .وهﻮ ﺎن:
(2اﻹ ﺎء
أ( اﻹ ﺪا ﻰ هﻮ ا ﺮ ا ﺬى ﺎم ﻪ ا ﺮء ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪا ﺔ
ا ﺼ
ﻮ ﺔ ﺜ ﺮة و ﻈ ﺔ آﻜ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ت و ﺄ
وا ﺮ وا ﻈ ا ﺮ.
ب( ا ﻮﻇ ﻰ هﻮ ا ﺮ ا ﺬى ﺎم ﻪ ا ﺮء ﺼﺎ ﻪ ﻐ ﺮ
ﻮ ﺮ ﺎ ﺎ ﻪ او ﻈ ﺆون ﺎ ﻪ آﺎ ﺎد ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.9
ﺚ ا ﺪ وهﻮ ﺎن :
(3اﻹ ﺎء
ﻪ :
أ( اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ و ﻪ ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس
أو أ ﺎط ﺪدة
ﺎل
.1أن ﻜﻮن ﺔ ﺎ ﺔ ﺎ
ﺮدات أو ﻮا ﺪ
.2أن ﻜﻮن ﻮا ﺎ ﺎ ﺮ ﺎ ﺔ
ا ﻮ ﺔ أو ﺮهﺎ.
ﺔ اﻹ ﺎء
.3أن ﻜﻮن أ ﻮرا أ ﺮى ﻬﺪف ا ﻰ ﻬ
ﺪى ا ﻄ ب.
ب ﺮة ﻰ ا ﺎر ا ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت
ب( اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺮ ﺔ آﺎن
10
ا ﻰ ﺪ ﻬﺎ ا ﺪرس .
و ﻰ هﺬا ﺚ ﺼﺮ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ا ﻜ ﻮب ﻰ
ﻮ ﺎت آ ﺎب درس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ﺎ ﺪر ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ.
.2اﻹ ﺸﺎء اﻟ ﻮ ﻪ واﺳ ﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟ ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
ﺎ ا ﻮل ﻰ ﻬﻮم اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻬﻮ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺬى
ﺪ
.وإن هﺬا ا ﻮع
ﻮ ﻪ ا ﺪرس ﺬ ﻰ ا ﺮ ﻰ ﻰء ﻜﺮ
اﻹ ﺎء ﻜﻮن ﺮ ﺔ ﻬ ﺔ ﻜ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮر ا ﻰ اﻹ ﺎء ا ﺮ،
ﺔ و ﻮذج
ﺎر ا ﺎرات
ا ﺮﺔ
ﺚ ﻄﻰ ا ﺬ
9
،3ص 243
ا ﺨﺎ ﻪ ،ﻌ
اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ) ،ا ﺪار ا ﺼﺮ ﺔ وا ﺎ ﺔ ،د.س( ،ط
10
Mahmud Yunus, Metodik Khusus Pengajaran Bahasa Arab, (Jakarta: PT. Hadi Karya
Agung, 1979), h. 23
14
.3ﻃﺮق ﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ
ا زﺔ
أ ﺮ ا
ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ
ﺬ
ا
ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺎ ﻬﺎ ،أن ﻜﻮن إ ﺪادا ﺨﻄﻮات
ﺪو ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﻰ أو
ﺮ ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﻮ ﺎ ﺄ ﻬﺎ
ﻜ
اﻷ ﺎء ،و ﺪر
ﻰء
ﺎه ا ﺪرا ﺔ ﺼ
،ﻰ أى ﻬ
وا
ﺔ ا ﺪر و
ﺎح ا ﺪرس ﻰ
ﺪة ﻰ أ ﺮت
ا ﻐﺔ
وأآ ﺮهﺎ ا ﺼﺎدا .أ ﺎ ا ﻄﺮق ا ﺪر
ﺄ ﺮ ا
ﻬﻰ آ ﺎ ﻰ :
أو -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺮة
ﻰ أ ﺼﺮ و إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ﺎ ﻐﺔ
أن هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﺼ ا
اﻷ ﺔ دون ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ وإ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ وذ ﻚ
ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ﻰ ،ﺚ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ ﻰ ﻮا
ﺮ
ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا ﺮ ﺰ ا ﻐﻮي و ﻮا ﺎ ﺮة دون و ﺎ ﺔ
ﻰ ﺿﺮورة ا ﺮ ﺔ إ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺎن أ ﺎع
و ﻐ
هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ﺎﻹ ﺎرة إ ﻰ اﻷ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻮدة ﻰ ﺮة ا ﺪرا ﺔ
ا ﺪرس ﺪر ﺎ
ﺜ ا ﺎ ﺪ وا ﻮرة واﻷ ﻮاب وا ﻮا ﺬ،
ﺔ
ﺎ ﻮا ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ إ ﻰ أ ﺎء ﻮ ﺪ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ ﻰ ا ﺔ ا
ﻰ ﺎرج ا ﺪر ﺔ ،وا ﺎن ﺆ ﺪو هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أ ﻀﺎ ﺎ ﺮآﺔ
ﺎ ا ﺮدات.11
وا ﺜ وا ﺼﻮر وا ﺮ ﻮم ﻮﺿ
ﺎ ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎﺋ ﺔ
ﻮع أآﺜﺮ
وهﻰ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ﻜﻮن ﻬﺎ ﻮت ا ﺪرس هﻮ ا
ﺮ ﺪ ﺎ ﻰ ا ﺎﺋ أو ﺮدهﺎ ،و ﺎز ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎﺋ ﺔ
ﻜ ﻬ ا ﻜ ﺎ ﺔ أو
اﻷ ﺎل ا ﺼﻐﺎر ﺪا ا ﺬ
ﺄ ﻬﺎ ﺎ
اﻹ ع .وهﻰ ﺎ ﻬ ﻰ ﻮﺿﻮ ﺎت ﺜ :ﺮد ا ﺼ ،أو
ا ﻮادث .و ﻜ ﻮ
ا ﺎهﺪات ،أو ﺮح
و
اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
ح
ﺪا
ﺪ ا ﺮ ,ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ
11
15
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ,ﻜ ﺔ ﺎن ,ط ,1 .ص42 .
ﺔا ﻬﺔ
ﺎ ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا
ﺪر ﻬ ﻰ ﺪر
و ﺪ أ ﺪى ا ﺪر ﻮن ﺨﻮ ﺎ أول اﻷ ﺮ
ا ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ ﻮال اﻷ ﺎ ا ﺨ ﺔ
ﺨﺪ
اﻄ ﺔ ﻬﺎ
ذ ﻚ إ ﻰ ﺪم ا ﺎ ﻬ إ ﻰ
ا ﺔ اﻷو ﻰ ﺪرا ﺔ ،و ﺮ
آ ﺎء ﻬ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ و ﺮ ﻬ ا ﺎ ﺔ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ و ﺔ ﺮ ﻬ
ا ﺬي ﺆآﺪ هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أه ﺔ .و ﺪ ﺎول
ﺎ ﻄ اﺼ
ﺔ
ﺿ
واﺿ ﻮ هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﻮا ﺪر اﻹ ﻜﺎن
:اﻷو ﻰ ه ﺰو ﺪ آ ا ﻮاد
ﺪر ﻪ ﻄﺮ
ا ﺪرس
ﺨﺪ ر ﻮزا ﺜ آ ﻬﺎ ﻮ ﺎ
ﻄ ا
ا ﺔ ﺪ
ﻄ ﻬﺎ ﻰ
ﻐﻮ ﺎ وا ﺪا ،اه ﺎم ﺎص ﺎﻷ ﻮات ا ﻰ ﺼ
ا ﺪرس وا ﺬ .وا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ه اﻹ ﺎد ا ﺎدة ا ﺔ ﻰ
ﺪم
ا ﺪرج اﻷ ﺎط ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻬ إ ﻰ ا ﺼ ،ﺚ
و
ﻄﺎ ﻮ ﺎ وا ﺪا ﻰ آ ﺼﺔ درا ﺔ
ا ﺪرس إ
ا ﺮدات وا ﻜ ﺎت ا ﺪ ﺪة ﺪر اﻹ ﻜﺎن. 13
وا ﺪ
را ﺎ -ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮ وا ﺮ ﺔ
أ ﺎ اﻷ ﻄﺔ ا ﻐﻮ ﺔ ا رآﺰت ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻮى وا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺼﺮ ﺎت أ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ،وا ﺎ ﺔ
ﻬ ﻮا ﺪ ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ و
ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ.
اﻷ
ﺎ ﻬ ﺎء واﻹ ء وا ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺪ ﺔ
ﺮح ا ﻮا ﺪ ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا ﻮ ﺔ
و ﺼﺮ دور ﺪرس ا ﻐﺎت
ا ﺮ ﺔ .و ﻄ
ﺎ ا ﺮدات و ﺼ
أ ﺎ ﺎ ،و
ﺪا ﻪ ﺎدام ﻰ
ذ ﻚ ﻪ ﻬﻮدا ﺬآﺮ ا ﻀ ﺮ ﺪرس
ﺪر ﻬﺎ ،ﻜ ﺎ ﺎج إ ﻪ هﻮ أن ﺄل
إ ﺎم آﺎف ﺎ ﻐﺔ ا
ﻪ ﺮاءة ا
ﺔ ،ﻄ
ﺔ
آﺎﻪ
أن
ا
ا ﺎط
ﺮ ﺮح
و
ﺮاءة ﺎ ﺔ ،ة ﻮم هﻮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ أوا ﺼﺮ ﺔ و ﺎن ا ﺎ ﺪة وا ﺜ ﺎءا ﻬﺎ ،و ﺪ ﻮم ا ﺪرس
ﺬ ﺬ ﻚ،
ا ﻄ ﺔ ،أو ﻜ أ ﺪ ا
ﺮاءة ﻬﺮ ﺔ ﺰء
ﺪ ﺪا ﺎل ,ﻃﺮق اﻟ ﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ,ﻜ ﺔ ﺮ ,ص26 .
12د .ﺪ ا
ح ﺪ ا ﺪ ا ﺮ ،ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ
13اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ،ﻜ ﺔ ﺎن ،ص، 48 .ط1.
16
هﺬاا ﺚ ا ﺨﺪام
ﺮق ا ﺎ ﺔ أراد ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻬ و ﻜ
و
ﻰ أ ﺼﺮ و
ﺮ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺮة ،ﻷ أن هﺬ ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ أن ﺼ ا
وإ ﻰ ا ﻐﺔ
إ ﻰ ا ﻜ ﺮ ﺎ ﻐﺔ اﻷ ﺔ دون ﺎ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﻮ ﺔ ﻬﺎ ﻰ،
ا ﻐﺔ ﻰ ﻮا
ﺮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ وذ ﻚ
ﻐﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺰ ا ﻐﻮي و ﻮا ﺎ ﺮة دون و ﺎ ﺔ
ﺚ ﺮ
ا ﻮ ﺔ.
ا ﺮا
دآ ﻮر
ﻰ
ﻰ ﻮ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
14اﻷ ﺎذ ا ﺪآ ﻮر
واﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ، ......ص40 .
و دآ ﻮر
ﺎ
)
ح
ﺪا
ﺪ
ﺪا ﺮوءف ا ﺦ ،ا ﺮ ،ﻰ ا
ا ﻈﺮ ﺔ ا ﻰ ا ﻄ
( ،ا ﻜ ﺔ وه ﺔ ا ﺎهﺮة.
ﺪ ا ﺮ ،ﻌ اﻟ ﻐﺎت اﻟﺤ ﺔ و ﻌ ﻬﺎ
17
اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ
ﺪ
دآ ﻮر
ا ﺪر
ﻰ ا ﺨﻮ ﻰ ،ا ﺎ
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ط.1410 .3.
1989م.
د .هﺪا ﺔ ،ﺨ ﺼﺮ ﺮق ا ﺪر
اﻹ ﺪو
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮا ﺔ ﻄ ب ﻰ ا ﺪارس وا ﺎهﺪ
ﺔ ،ﺎآﺮ ﺎ :ﺎ ﺔ ﺮ
هﺪا ﺔ اﷲ
ﺪ ،ا ﺮ ﺔ و ا ﻄﺮق ا ﺪر
ﺎ
ﺪا
ﺪا
ﺪ ﺪ ا ﺪ ﺼﻮر ،ﻜﻮ ﻮ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﺎﺋ ا
،ا ﺎهﺮة ،ط1.
ا ﻐﺔ
ﺔ وو ﺎﺋ ﺪر
ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ر ﺎض :دارا ﺎرف ،ط1.
ﺪ ﺎﻰا
ﺎن ،ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻰ ا ﺪر
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،ا ﺎهﺮة :
دارا ﺎرف،ط1.
ﺪ
ﺪ ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ ،إ
ﺪا ﺨﺎ
ا ﺮ ﺔ ﺎ ﺔا ﻚ
ﺪ ﻮ
و
ﺪ ﺎ
ﺎرات ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ،
ﻬﺪ ا ﻐﺔ
ﻮد
ﻜﺮى ،ا ﺮ ﺔ وا
،ﺎآﺮ ﺎ :دارا ﺎرف،
1989
Gnoinska, Anna, Teaching Vocabulary in Colour, English Teaching Forum. JulySeptember, 1998.
& Linderman, Marlene Gharbo, Art in The Elementary School, Madison: Brown
Benctimark Publishers, 1997.
Mahmud Yunus, Metodik Khusus Pengajaran Bahasa
Arab, Jakarta : PT. Hadi Karya Agung,1979
18
M. Sastro Proja, Kamus Istilah Pendidikan dan Umum, Surabaya : Usaha
Nasional,
1991
M. Chotib Thoha, Teknik Evaluasi Pendidikan, PT. RajaGrafindo Persada,
Jakarta.
Sahartian dan Frans Mahateru, Prinsip Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan, Surabaya
Usaha Nasional, 1992. cet. Ke-1
Suhartini Ari Kunto, Pengelolaan Materi, Jakarta : PT. Prima Karya, 1987. cet.
Ke-1.
Soenardi Djiwandono, Tes Bahasa Dalam Pengajaran, Bandung : Penerbit ITB,
1996.
Zahara idri dan Lisna Jamal, Pengantar Pendidikan, Jakarta : PT. Gramedia
Widiarsana Indonesia, 1995. cet. Ke-2, jilid 1.
19
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﻣﻨﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
أ -ﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻣﺼﺎدر
ﺪى إ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر
إن ا ﺚ ا ﺬى ﻮم ﻪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻜ
ا ﺪر ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﺔ آ ﺔ .وذ ﻚ أن
ﺮ ﺔ
وه
ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺬ ﻰ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء
ﺔا
ا ﺎ ﺎت ﻰ
ﺎول ا ﺎ ﺚ
ﺔ
ﻬﺎ ﺮ ﺔ ا ﻄ
ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ،
ﺬ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎ ا ﻮ ﻪ.
ا
هﺬا ا ﺚ ا ﺪ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻰ اﻷ ﻮ ﺔ اﻹ ﺎءات
ذ ﻚ ﻷن
ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺎت وا ﻮ ﺎت
و ﺔ اﻹ ﺎرات ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ا ز ﺔ .و ﺎم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ﺔ ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ .وأ ﺬ ا ﺎ ﺚ أ ﻀﺎ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ ﺪ اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﺔ ﺎ ﺚ.
ا ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻜ ا
.1اﻟ ﺠ ﻊ اﻟ ﺪروس واﻟﻌ ﻨﺔ
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا
ا ﺪروس ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ هﻮ
ا
2008/2007م
ﺎم ا ﺪرا
ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
19
إدارة ا
ا ﺎدا ﻰ ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﺼﺎدرة
ﺨ
ا ﺪر ﺔ ،ﺈن ﺪده 34ﺨﺼﺎ ،وه ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ﺔ وا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ اﻹ
ا ﺮﻮﺔ
اﻹ ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ .وذ ﻚ ﻈﻬﺮ ا ﺪول ا ﺎ ﻰ :
ﺎﻣﻮﻻ
اﻟﺠﺪول اﻷول
ﺪد اﻟ ﻼﻣ ﺬ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ ﻣ اﻟ ﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺷﺪﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮﺳﻄﺔ
ا
ا
ا
ا
ﻚ
ا ﺨ ﺎت
ا ﺪارس
ﺬ
ﺬات
ﻮع ا ﻜ ﻰ
ﺎء
%100
ا ﺎﻰ:
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ
ﺔ
اﻹ
8
7
15
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن ا ﺪارس
اﻹ ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
5
4
9
ا ﺎﺋﺔ ﺄ ﺬ ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺔ
ا ﺪروس أ
ﻰ أن ا
ا ﺪول
ﺪد ا ﻄ ب ﻰ 34ﺨﺼﺎ .وذ ﻚ ﻈﻬﺮ
اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ
ﺪد اﻟﻌ ﻨﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ﻼﻣ ﺬ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻰ ﻣ اﻟ ﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺷﺪﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮﺳﻄﺔ
ﺎﻣﻮﻻ
ا
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن
ا ﺪارس ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ
20
ا ﺨﺮ ﻮن ا ﺪارس
ا ﺪاﺋ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺔ
ا
ا
ﺬ
ﺬات
ﻮع ا ﻜ
5
4
9
8
7
15
. 2أﺳ ﻮب ﻊ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
ﻬﺎ ه
ا ﺼﻮل
ا ﺎ ﺚ
إن ا ﺎ ﺎت ا ﻰ ﺮ
ﻮز اﻹ ﺎءات ا ﻰ ووز ﻬﺎ
ﺮ
ﺎرات ا ﺮ ﺮ ﺔ
ا
ﺬ ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ ا ﺪر ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ ﻪ ا ﺼﻮل ﻬﺎ إ ﻰ ا
ﺪرس
وآﺬ ﻚ ﺎ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ
ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ.
ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ا ﺎ ﺚ هﺬ ا ﺎ ﺎت ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﻄﺮ ﺔ ا ﺔ :
و
ﻬﺎ إ ﺎرات ﺮ ﺮ ﺔ ﻀ
.1اﻹ ﺎءات ا ﻰ آﺎ
ﺬ
ﺔ ﺎﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﻮز ﻬﺎ ا ﺎ ﺚ إ ﻰ
اﻷ ﺔ ا
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ.
ا ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ
ﻚ ا ﺪر ﺔ
.2ا ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺨﺼ ﺔ ا ﺪرس ا ﻐﺔ ا ﺮ ﺔ
ﺔ ﺪر ا ﻐﺔ
ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻜ ت ا
ا ﺮ ﺔ.
.3ا ﺪرا ﺔ ا ﻜ ﺔ ﺼﻮل ﻰ ا ﺎﺋ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﻜ ا ﻰ
ﺔ ﻬﺬا ا ﺚ.
ﻬﺎ
-3أﺳ ﻮب ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
ا ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر
و هﺬا ا ﺚ ﺎم ا ﺎ ﺚ ﺎ ﺔ ا ﺎ ﺎت
ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺮ ﺪ ﺔ
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺼ ا ﺜﺎ ﻰ
ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر
ﻰ ا ﺨﻄﻮات اﻷ ﺔ :
ا ﻮ ﻄﺔ ﺎ ﻮ
ﺬ
ﺪرة ا
ا ﺎ ﺎت
.1ا ﺨﻄﻮة اﻷو ﻰ ه ﺼ
ﺎرات
ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪر اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ
ا ﺎ ﺔ.
21
ﻚ ا ﺎ ﺎت إ ﻰ
.2ا ﺨﻄﻮة ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ه
:
ا ﺪر ﺎت اﻷو ﻰ ﺪر ﺔ 100 - 90 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺜﺎ ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 89 - 80 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺜﺎ ﺜﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 79 – 70 ا ﺪر ﺎت ا ﺮا ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 69 – 60 ا ﺪر ﺔ ا ﺨﺎ ﺔ ﺪر ﺔ 59-4أﺳ ﻮب ﺤ اﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺎت
أ ﺎ :
ﺨﺪم ا ﺎ ﺚ
ا ﺎ ﺎت
أﺎ
ﺬ 100 – 90ﺪل
:إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
أو
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺎز
ﺬ 89 – 80ﺪل
ﺎ ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪ ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﺪ ﺪا
ﺬ 79 – 70ﺪل
ﺎ ﺜﺎ :إذاآﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﺎو ﺔ ﺪ
ﺬ 69 – 60ﺪل
را ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
اﻹ ﺎء ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ ﻮل
ﺬ 59ﺪل ﻰ أن
ﺎ ﺎ :إذا آﺎ در ﺔ ﺎ ﻬﺎ ا
ا ﻮ ﻪ ﺎ ﺨﺪام ا ﺼﻮر ا ﻮ ﺔ را
22
در ﺎت وه
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﻰ أن ﺪر
ﺪر
اﻹ ﺎء
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0
\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\rtlrow\ts15\trqr\trgaph108\trleft108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
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\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
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\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
2}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 \'e5\'e4\'cf\'c7\'d1
\'da\'e1\'ed}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6570063\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard\plain
\ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0
\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\trowd \irow2\irowband2\rtlrow\ts15\trqr\trgaph108\trleft108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
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\cellx2149\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3029\clshdrawnil
\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
\rtlrow}\pard\plain \rtlpar\qj
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
3}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063
\'d0\'e6\'c7\'e1\'df\'dd\'e1}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6570063\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 6}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard\plain
\ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0
\rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch
\af36\afs36 \ltrch \fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
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\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\t
rpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdr
cols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth606\clshdrawnil
\cellx498\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1651\clshdrawnil
\cellx2149\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3029\clshdrawnil
\cellx5178\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2640\clshdrawnil \cellx7818\row
\rtlrow}\pard\plain \rtlpar\qj
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid14569120\yts15 \rtlch \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch \f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
4}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }{\ltrch
\afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 \'da\'c8\'cf
\'c7\'e1\'d1\'cd\'e3\'e4}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120 \cell }\pard \rtlpar
\qc
\li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\par
arsid6630512\yts15 {\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 5}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe1033\langnp1057\insrsid14569120
\cell }{\ltrch \afs36\alang1057 \rtlch
\f36\fs36\lang1025\langnp1057\insrsid6570063 8}{\rtlch \af36\afs36 \ltrch
\fs36\lang1057\langfe