Available online atwww.icaade2015.com
ICAADE2015
Procedia –ICCADE201500 2016 000–000
1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of IEREK, International experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange.
Adaptation LoloanArea Stilt House Design and Construction as Flood Prevention and Mitigation
Ni Luh Putu Eka Pebriyanti
The existence Loloan area cant be separated from the history of Islam in Jembrana. Loloan is the name of the village that located in Jembrana district of Bali province, separated by a river called IjoGadingriver. Islam first entered Jembrana about 1653 to
1657. They were coming at that time was a resident of South Sulawesi. It is estimated that they are being chased by VOC. In 1798, the group came from Pontianak and opened their settlement beside the east and west of the IjoGading. Loloan has its own
language which is not the same as the language of the surrounding areas, not
Architecture Departement-Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Badung 82121, Bali-Indonesia
Abstract
Balinese, Javanese, or other matter. But the language of the village Loloan Base Loloan which is similar to Malay.
That based on historical records, Loloan area had a disaster big flood in 1697. IjoGading River water overflowed. Many houses were washed away. Since then, residents make RumahPanggung the home stage to reduce the risk of drift. In addition, was also
RumahPanggung made based on the safety factor especially animal attack.RumahPanggung was built according to the tribal origin of the migrants. Until the 1700s, RumahPanggung began to appear in the Loloan area.
The study methods used are field study about the typology of stilt houses RumahPanggung in this community and the factors determining their physical forms. The study was conducted using qualitative methods and documentation by field measuring and
building redrawing. Field study focus on two aspects of observations, such as: 1 houses typology and 2 local knowledge as local wisdom for various natural environment problems. Observations to houses typology include 4 aspects: 1 house plan and
form, 2 structural system, 3 material used, 4 construction system. Observation to local knowledge include: 1 environmental condition, and 2 socio cultural aspect.
Keywords:vernacular; building design and construction; flood mitigation; loloan area
1. Introduction
Historically, the river is the center of growth, movement paths and key transport infrastructure until now. Along with the growth of area and the increasing population, growing uncontrolled new settlement along the river make the
shift and the degradation of land in urban areas. So some of the river lost its function and decreased quality of the
Ni LuhPutuEkaPebriyanti.ST.M.Sc. Tel.: +62-081805678010 E-mail address:c_bebyahoo.com
Ni Luh Putu Eka Pebriyanti ST. M.Sc Procedia –ICAADE2015 00 2016 000–000 2
environment. River in the past is the main means of transport to bring product from upstream area to downstream area. Site selection settled usually on considerations other than security condition also makes it possible to establish
settlements, as well as by the availability of or close to the natural resources that can be utilized for survival.Change in land use in its development has occurred environmental damage alarming.
Law of Republic of IndonesiaLaw number 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management says the definition of disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt the lives and livelihoods caused by both natural factors andor
non-natural factors and human factors that resulted in the emergence of human fatalities, environmental damage, loss of property, and psychological impact. The definition states that disasters caused by natural factors, non-natural, and
human. Therefore, law number 24 of 2007, is also defined on natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and social disaster. Natural disasters is a disaster caused by the event or series of events caused by nature, among others, in the
form of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides.
Indonesian territory is located in the tropical climate with two seasons, dry and rainy with characteristic changes in weather, temperature and wind direction are quite extreme. Such climatic conditions coupled with the surface
topography and rock are relatively diverse, both physically and chemically, producing fertile soil conditions. Instead, it may cause some bad consequences for humans such as hydro-meteorological disasters such as floods, landslides,
forest fires and drought. Along with time and growing human activities, environmental degradation tends to get worse and leading to increased number of events and intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters floods, landslides
and drought that occur in turns in many areas in Indonesia.
1.1. Understanding of flooding by type
Floods are events or circumstances submerged an area or land due to increased water volume. Understanding of
flooding by type are : A.
Flood Water The flooding caused by overflowing rivers, sewers or other waterways because of the volume of water exceeds
the capacity. This flooding is generally triggers a big rain that can make water in a river or a sewer overflow. B.
Sudden Flooding The cause is the high intensity rainfall once for hours. Such conditions lead to waterways cant accommodate
the high flow of water so as to overflow into the street. C.
Flash floodBig Flood Flash flood is a flood that came suddenly with a large water discharge caused by unstoppable river flow on the
river flow. One type of flooding is dangerous because in addition to water, the flood of this type also bring silt material so that the force of the water that comes quite large and able to wash away the objects in its path. One
cant swim through the flood like this. Generally, flash floods occur in low or landslide-prone areas such as mountains or hills.
D. Flood tides
Often referred to as tidal flooding. Tide resulted in flooding of this type. Generally occur in areas near the coast. When tides, waterways associated with the sea water, such as rivers, will come to experience up so the water
spreads to the mainland. The farther away from the position of the coast will more secure. In the event of a very large tidal currents such as the tsunami, the effects of the damage are also going to get worse
E. Cold Lava Flood
When the volcano erupted and spewed lava, the lava will melt and flow into areas that are in the lower mainland like a slope or hillside. When we was close to the point of eruption, lava flood is still at high temperature and
will vaporize so hot river path. The longer the lava temperature will decrease and be cool but if passed houses able to release the house from its foundations and dragged because of cold lava masses were so heavy. Another
result of cold lava flood is silting up of the river due to deposition of lava as it passes through the river so that the river water volume will be reduced and makes it easy to overflow.
Tsunami is most horrible flood at Aceh province INA and take many victim. Giant wave tsunami devastated Aceh on December 26, 2004. Previous occur devastating earthquake in the seabed near the island of Simeulue.
Disaster tsunami in Aceh province at 2004 leave bad condition of human life and traumatic for many people at
Ni Luh Putu Eka Pebriyanti ST. M.Sc Procedia –ICAADE2015 00 2016 000–000 3
Indonesia.Based on information obtained from the National Coordinating Agency Disaster Management and Refugees Bakornas on 21 In March 2005 the number of victims of the 20 districts in Aceh province NAD is
estimated at 126.602 dead and buried, and lost as many as 93.638 people, while the number of victims in the province of North Sumatra an estimated 130 people died and 24 people missing. Of sources of information similarly,
the number of refugees who are scattered as many as 514.150 people in 21 districtscities NanggroeAceh Darussalam Province.
1.2. Flood Preventing and Mitigation
Efforts to tackle flooding and inundation already popular all over the world are combined various efforts that are structural and non structural, integrated flood management, which aims to suppress the magnitude of the problem,
loss, or disasters caused by flooding. The rain became one of the causes of flooding. It can be seen from the statistics of natural disasters. Flooding generally occurs in every rainy season. When the rain intensity increases, there will be
also an increase in water discharge. If an area does not have irrigation systems or water absorption is good, then the potential for flooding will be greater.
High Public awareness about not to throw garbage into rivers or sewers will reduce flooding. In urban areas, garbage disposal is not in place is one of the largest cause in terms of clogging of waterways such as culverts or
drains which make water flow is inhibited so not to flow to other place. Lack of water catchment areas because of the loss of an area that should be an area for water catchment. We shouldnt build settlements in the area around the
river. Expand the green open space : the green space in big cities should be around 30 of the area of the city. Unfortunately in the fact, green open spaces only about 10 even though this is one of the means to cope with the
flood because when it rains, the water can be absorbed optimally. Beyond that, the green open space useful to reduce pollution, be a sport place, play, and relax residents.
The other way is make Hole Infiltration Biopori. Many people dont yet understand what and advantage of biopori. Biopori useful to reduce the amount of rainwater or water from the drain in the ground.Biopori itself is a
hole diameter of 10-30 cm by 80 cm vertical depth of 100 cm. Once created the hole, filled in with gravel and covered with essentially organic waste such as leaves. The important efforts to tackle flooding are good waste
management. One good way of handling waste that is in addition to dispose of waste in place with separates between organic and non organic waste in order to accelerate the process of waste treatment.
2. Vernacular Building Design and Construction
