Analysis of suitability of mandeh bay for culturing tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) in floating nets cage, pesisir selatan regency, West Sumatera Province
ANALYSIS OF SUITABILITY OF MANDEII BAY
FOR CULTURING TIGER GROWER (E. fuscoguitatus)
IN FLOATING NETS CAGE, PESISIR SELATAN REGENCY,
WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
By:
ZAITUL IIGILAS
C251040354
STUDY PROGRAM
MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRIC&TLTmE UfVlVERSITY
2006
ABSTRACT
Zaitul Ikhlas. Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay for Culturing Tiger
Grouper (Epirreplrelus fuscoguttatrrs) in Floating Nets Cage, Pesisir Selatan
Regency, West Sumatra Province. Advisors: Ismudi Muchsin, Zairion, and
Moharnmad Mukl~lisKamal.
Biophysical suitability of seawater is one of highly important indicators that
should be considered for culturing tiger grouper (Epinephelus j%scogutl~lzrs).
Unsuitable site for the culture can influenced on low grouper production and on
degradation of coastal euviromtlnent. Objectives of this research are (1) to analyze
biophysical characteristic of water of Mandeh Bay, and (2) to evaluate biophysical
suitability of water for culturing the grouper. This research is conducted &om April
to May 2006 in Mandeh Bay, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province.
Environment data that needed are depth, temperature, salinity, transparency,
turbidity, TSS, DO, BOD5, chlorophyll-a, pH, tide, wave, and current. For
analyzing biophysical characteristic of water of Mandeh Bay is used Pri~lcipal
Component Analysis (PCA); and for evaluating biophysical suitability of water is
used Geogra$ic Information System (GIs) method. The results show the Mandeh
Bay is characterized by high values of parameters of temperature, TSS, turbidity and
pH; and low value of parameter of depth. These parameters are highly influenced by
existences of environmental characteristics of the bay such as mangrove, seagrass
bed, river runoff, climate, settiement, and fish landing. Generally biophys~cal
characteristics of water of Mandeh Bay are suitable for growth of the tiger grouper
(Ep~nephelzrsfir~cogultatus)
in the FNC, except for the water depth. The potential
waters for the culture are in surrounding Cubadak Island, Mandeh Village and
Simpang Carocok Village except the water in the Southwest of Simpang Carocok
Village.
Keywords: tiger grorrper, biophysical clraracteristics, water suitabiIiQ
Title
:
Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay for Culturing
Tiger Grouper (E. $rscogztttatzls) in Floating Nets Cage,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province
Name
:
Zaitul Ikhlas
Registration Number
:
C25 1040354
Approved by Advisory Board,
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ismudi Muchsin
Supervisor
Dr. Ir. M. Mukhlis Kamal. M.Sc.
Co-supervisor
Ir. Zairion. MSC.
Co-supervisor
Acknowledged
by:
Head of Study Program,
Date of Examination: 20 Sept. 2006
1 8 OCT 2006
Approved on : ....................................
BIOGRAPHY
Autho- was born on August 7, 1967 in ~adang,West Sumatra Province as first
children of five brothers from Abdul Rahman and Yuslaini. In 1992, Author
graduated &om Department of Fishery Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries
and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agriculture University. In 2004, Author stodied,.at
Marine and Coastal Resources Management, Postgraduate School of Bogor
Agiculture liniversity, sponsored by 'the Project of Marine and Coastal Resources
Management that managed by "Departemen Kelautan dan Perilcanan".
Author works at the Office of Marine and Fishery of Pesisir Selatwi Regency,
West Sumatra Province since in 1999 as a chief of section of a spatial planning of
coastal and fishery areas.
PREFACE
Thank to Allah SWT for God's mercy that given to Author who has already
finished writing this :hesis. Title of this thesis is "Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh
Bay for Culturing Tiger Groupa' (Epinephelusfuscogulra~us)in Floating Nets Cage,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sxnatra Province" that has been canied ont from
April wtil May 2006.
Utilizations of marine and coastal areas for culturing the grouper especially in
water of bay have developed in some regions in Indonesia such as Lampung, Bali,
Sulawesi, and also West Sumatra Province. The utilization of the water bay for the
grouper culture should be done carefully because the areas are susceptible toward
various negative iinpacts of$evelopmeut activities. Those negative uupacts are
such as environmental degradation, overfishing of marine biota, interest conflict,
low production of cultured fish, etc. Activity of the gouper culture in Floating Nets
Cage (FNC) beside it produc-s positive impacts on community (i.e. increasing
incc,ine),it aiso produces tiagative unpacts on c~lviro~unent,
marine biota and also'bil
community (i.e. degradations, pollutions and interest conflicts).
Therefore,
developing the culture should been planed comprehensively. The most importance
factors that must be considered in tlie plan are selection and determination of
suitable water for culturing the grouper. In this research it has been camed out
analysis to~vardbiophysical characteristics of water of Mandeh Bay, and suitability
of the water for culturing the grouper. Biophysical parameters of water that are
analyzed encompassing depth, wind and current velocity, wave, temperature,
salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BODS,transparency, turbidity, TSS, and pH.
in co~ectiollwith it iras already finished this thesis, Author would like to
thank to:
1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Ismudi Muclisin, Bapak Ir. Zairion, M.Sc., and Bapak Dr. Ir.
Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal, M.Sc., for your helps in guiding Author to finish
this thesis.
2. Prof. Erik Meuleclie Schmidt, Prof. Jsrgen Bundgaard, Prof. Lars Lund-Hunsen,
Vibece, and Hening for your big attention and patience in teaching and guiding
during Author have studied in Demnark.
v
3. Bapak Drs. H. Nasrul Abit (a Regent of Pesisir Selatan Regency), Bapak Drs.
Syafiizal Ucok (a Vice of Regent of Pesisir Selatan Regency), Bapak Drs. H.
Adril (a Secretary of Region of Pesisir Selatan Regency) and Bapak Alirman
S o ~ yA.Md,
,
SH., M.Hurn (a Chief of Coininunity Representative Council) for
your supports to Author both moral and material during this study.
4. , Author's Parents and brothers who always pray Author's success in this study.
Author special thanks to Author's wife, Lusi, for her love and support, and also
to Author's cl~ildrex,Maulana Hndzaifah Luza, Mullammad Habibullah Luza,
and Fatunall Azzallra Luza, for their patience waiting Author's study finished,
5. Mas Sigit, Mbak Wahyu, Mbak Retno and Bu Mala (Bappeda of West Stunam
Province) for your supports and helps to Author carried out observation in study
area.
6 . Finally, Author's classmates; Zainal, New, Efiizal, Saptoyo, Enen, Edo,
Machmud, Norma, Yesi, C o b , and Kus, and also friends f?om DKP; Wirman,
Aan, Emil, Firdaits, and Rofy tliank for your support, attention and kindness
d c h g both we were iii Den=&
and Bogor.
Bogor, September 2006
Author
STATEMENT LETTER
I state that this thesis, where its title is "Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay
Sol. Culturing T~gerGrouper @pit~cp/~elus
fuucogullrrlus) in Floating Nets Cilge,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province",-is result of my writing and it is
1101
ever tiscd by oll~erstude~itat culiversity. All of tllese data and infonnatioi~
sources that used to support this thesis have been already stated clearly and they can
be examined to be true.
CONTENTS
Page
iv
.....................................................
I'REFACE .................... .
.
.
CON1 15N 15 ............................................................................ vii
LIST O F TABLES ...................................................................... ix
X
I . IST O F FIGURES
xii
LIS'I' O F APPENDIXES ..............................................................
.....
Background............................................................................
I'onnuli~~io~i
of1'1~ol)lenrs...........................................................
. .
Objecclrves of Research ..............................................................
.................................................................
Benefits of Research
...
Scopes of Act~vit~es
..................................................................
Boundary of study areas ......................................................
Activities
............................
LlTERATURE RIVIEW
Characteristics of Marine and Coastal Areas .....................................
Statue of Manculture by Floating Nets Cage (FNC) ..........................
Floating Nets Cage (FNC) ....................................................
Tiger Grouper (Epinephelusjiiscogz~ttatz~s)................................
Characteristics of Biophysical of Seawater ......................................
Parameter of biology ..........................................................
Parameter of physical .........................................................
Parameter of chemical ........................................................
Suitability of Water for Mariculture ...............................................
Suitable concept for ~nariculture.............................................
Comparison concept of parameter for suitability .........................
Suitability parameters of water for grouper culture .......................
Weighting suitability class of water ........................................
Geography Infonnation System (GIs) for Developing Fishery Culture .....
RESEP-RCH METHOD ...............................................................
Study Area and Sarnpling Psriod .................................................
Data Collection ......................................................................
Sampling procedure ...........................................................
Supporting data ..................................................................
Data Analysis .........................................................................
Analysis of biophysical characteristics of waters .................................
Analysis of biophysical suitability of water (potency) ...................
viii
i'I
FOR CULTURING TIGER GROWER (E. fuscoguitatus)
IN FLOATING NETS CAGE, PESISIR SELATAN REGENCY,
WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
By:
ZAITUL IIGILAS
C251040354
STUDY PROGRAM
MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRIC&TLTmE UfVlVERSITY
2006
ABSTRACT
Zaitul Ikhlas. Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay for Culturing Tiger
Grouper (Epirreplrelus fuscoguttatrrs) in Floating Nets Cage, Pesisir Selatan
Regency, West Sumatra Province. Advisors: Ismudi Muchsin, Zairion, and
Moharnmad Mukl~lisKamal.
Biophysical suitability of seawater is one of highly important indicators that
should be considered for culturing tiger grouper (Epinephelus j%scogutl~lzrs).
Unsuitable site for the culture can influenced on low grouper production and on
degradation of coastal euviromtlnent. Objectives of this research are (1) to analyze
biophysical characteristic of water of Mandeh Bay, and (2) to evaluate biophysical
suitability of water for culturing the grouper. This research is conducted &om April
to May 2006 in Mandeh Bay, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province.
Environment data that needed are depth, temperature, salinity, transparency,
turbidity, TSS, DO, BOD5, chlorophyll-a, pH, tide, wave, and current. For
analyzing biophysical characteristic of water of Mandeh Bay is used Pri~lcipal
Component Analysis (PCA); and for evaluating biophysical suitability of water is
used Geogra$ic Information System (GIs) method. The results show the Mandeh
Bay is characterized by high values of parameters of temperature, TSS, turbidity and
pH; and low value of parameter of depth. These parameters are highly influenced by
existences of environmental characteristics of the bay such as mangrove, seagrass
bed, river runoff, climate, settiement, and fish landing. Generally biophys~cal
characteristics of water of Mandeh Bay are suitable for growth of the tiger grouper
(Ep~nephelzrsfir~cogultatus)
in the FNC, except for the water depth. The potential
waters for the culture are in surrounding Cubadak Island, Mandeh Village and
Simpang Carocok Village except the water in the Southwest of Simpang Carocok
Village.
Keywords: tiger grorrper, biophysical clraracteristics, water suitabiIiQ
Title
:
Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay for Culturing
Tiger Grouper (E. $rscogztttatzls) in Floating Nets Cage,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province
Name
:
Zaitul Ikhlas
Registration Number
:
C25 1040354
Approved by Advisory Board,
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ismudi Muchsin
Supervisor
Dr. Ir. M. Mukhlis Kamal. M.Sc.
Co-supervisor
Ir. Zairion. MSC.
Co-supervisor
Acknowledged
by:
Head of Study Program,
Date of Examination: 20 Sept. 2006
1 8 OCT 2006
Approved on : ....................................
BIOGRAPHY
Autho- was born on August 7, 1967 in ~adang,West Sumatra Province as first
children of five brothers from Abdul Rahman and Yuslaini. In 1992, Author
graduated &om Department of Fishery Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries
and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agriculture University. In 2004, Author stodied,.at
Marine and Coastal Resources Management, Postgraduate School of Bogor
Agiculture liniversity, sponsored by 'the Project of Marine and Coastal Resources
Management that managed by "Departemen Kelautan dan Perilcanan".
Author works at the Office of Marine and Fishery of Pesisir Selatwi Regency,
West Sumatra Province since in 1999 as a chief of section of a spatial planning of
coastal and fishery areas.
PREFACE
Thank to Allah SWT for God's mercy that given to Author who has already
finished writing this :hesis. Title of this thesis is "Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh
Bay for Culturing Tiger Groupa' (Epinephelusfuscogulra~us)in Floating Nets Cage,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sxnatra Province" that has been canied ont from
April wtil May 2006.
Utilizations of marine and coastal areas for culturing the grouper especially in
water of bay have developed in some regions in Indonesia such as Lampung, Bali,
Sulawesi, and also West Sumatra Province. The utilization of the water bay for the
grouper culture should be done carefully because the areas are susceptible toward
various negative iinpacts of$evelopmeut activities. Those negative uupacts are
such as environmental degradation, overfishing of marine biota, interest conflict,
low production of cultured fish, etc. Activity of the gouper culture in Floating Nets
Cage (FNC) beside it produc-s positive impacts on community (i.e. increasing
incc,ine),it aiso produces tiagative unpacts on c~lviro~unent,
marine biota and also'bil
community (i.e. degradations, pollutions and interest conflicts).
Therefore,
developing the culture should been planed comprehensively. The most importance
factors that must be considered in tlie plan are selection and determination of
suitable water for culturing the grouper. In this research it has been camed out
analysis to~vardbiophysical characteristics of water of Mandeh Bay, and suitability
of the water for culturing the grouper. Biophysical parameters of water that are
analyzed encompassing depth, wind and current velocity, wave, temperature,
salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BODS,transparency, turbidity, TSS, and pH.
in co~ectiollwith it iras already finished this thesis, Author would like to
thank to:
1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Ismudi Muclisin, Bapak Ir. Zairion, M.Sc., and Bapak Dr. Ir.
Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal, M.Sc., for your helps in guiding Author to finish
this thesis.
2. Prof. Erik Meuleclie Schmidt, Prof. Jsrgen Bundgaard, Prof. Lars Lund-Hunsen,
Vibece, and Hening for your big attention and patience in teaching and guiding
during Author have studied in Demnark.
v
3. Bapak Drs. H. Nasrul Abit (a Regent of Pesisir Selatan Regency), Bapak Drs.
Syafiizal Ucok (a Vice of Regent of Pesisir Selatan Regency), Bapak Drs. H.
Adril (a Secretary of Region of Pesisir Selatan Regency) and Bapak Alirman
S o ~ yA.Md,
,
SH., M.Hurn (a Chief of Coininunity Representative Council) for
your supports to Author both moral and material during this study.
4. , Author's Parents and brothers who always pray Author's success in this study.
Author special thanks to Author's wife, Lusi, for her love and support, and also
to Author's cl~ildrex,Maulana Hndzaifah Luza, Mullammad Habibullah Luza,
and Fatunall Azzallra Luza, for their patience waiting Author's study finished,
5. Mas Sigit, Mbak Wahyu, Mbak Retno and Bu Mala (Bappeda of West Stunam
Province) for your supports and helps to Author carried out observation in study
area.
6 . Finally, Author's classmates; Zainal, New, Efiizal, Saptoyo, Enen, Edo,
Machmud, Norma, Yesi, C o b , and Kus, and also friends f?om DKP; Wirman,
Aan, Emil, Firdaits, and Rofy tliank for your support, attention and kindness
d c h g both we were iii Den=&
and Bogor.
Bogor, September 2006
Author
STATEMENT LETTER
I state that this thesis, where its title is "Analysis of Suitability of Mandeh Bay
Sol. Culturing T~gerGrouper @pit~cp/~elus
fuucogullrrlus) in Floating Nets Cilge,
Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province",-is result of my writing and it is
1101
ever tiscd by oll~erstude~itat culiversity. All of tllese data and infonnatioi~
sources that used to support this thesis have been already stated clearly and they can
be examined to be true.
CONTENTS
Page
iv
.....................................................
I'REFACE .................... .
.
.
CON1 15N 15 ............................................................................ vii
LIST O F TABLES ...................................................................... ix
X
I . IST O F FIGURES
xii
LIS'I' O F APPENDIXES ..............................................................
.....
Background............................................................................
I'onnuli~~io~i
of1'1~ol)lenrs...........................................................
. .
Objecclrves of Research ..............................................................
.................................................................
Benefits of Research
...
Scopes of Act~vit~es
..................................................................
Boundary of study areas ......................................................
Activities
............................
LlTERATURE RIVIEW
Characteristics of Marine and Coastal Areas .....................................
Statue of Manculture by Floating Nets Cage (FNC) ..........................
Floating Nets Cage (FNC) ....................................................
Tiger Grouper (Epinephelusjiiscogz~ttatz~s)................................
Characteristics of Biophysical of Seawater ......................................
Parameter of biology ..........................................................
Parameter of physical .........................................................
Parameter of chemical ........................................................
Suitability of Water for Mariculture ...............................................
Suitable concept for ~nariculture.............................................
Comparison concept of parameter for suitability .........................
Suitability parameters of water for grouper culture .......................
Weighting suitability class of water ........................................
Geography Infonnation System (GIs) for Developing Fishery Culture .....
RESEP-RCH METHOD ...............................................................
Study Area and Sarnpling Psriod .................................................
Data Collection ......................................................................
Sampling procedure ...........................................................
Supporting data ..................................................................
Data Analysis .........................................................................
Analysis of biophysical characteristics of waters .................................
Analysis of biophysical suitability of water (potency) ...................
viii
i'I