1 2
3 4
5 6
Fig. 5. Portion of a cross-section of the leaf of Popowia Endl. 1. Popowia velutina King 2. P. cyanocarpa Lauterb. and K. Schum
3. P. bancana Scheffer 4. P. nooteboomii Moeljono 5. P. hirta Miquel 6. P. tomentosa var. crinita J. Sinclair.
Epidermis
Epidermis Epidermis
Spongy Spongy
Spongy
Palisade Palisade
Palisade
Epidermis
Epidermis Epidermis
7 8
9 10
11 12
Fig 5. continued 7. Popowia pisocarpa Blume Endl 8. P. perakensis King
9. P. kostermansii Moeljono 10. P. cuspidata Miquel 11. P. odoardi Diels 12. P. tomentosa Maingay ex Hook.f.,
A. Epidermis B. Palisade C. Spongy A
A
A B
B
B C
C
C A
A A
A B
C D
Fig.6. Epidermal cells and crystals on the lower leaf surface A
. Popowia tomentosa B
. P. novoguinensis .
C . P bancana
D . P. tomentosa var. crinita
Crystal s
A B
C D
E F
G
Fig. 7. Epidermal cells and stomata on the lower leaf surface A
. Popowia tomentosa B
. P. novoguinensis C
. P hirta. D. P clavata . E
. P bancana F
. P. tomentosa var. crinita G
. P. velutina 1
1
1
1 2
2
2
2
1. Epidermal cells 2. Paracytic stomata
4.4. Relationships Species of Popowia Endl.
A cladistic analysis of Popowia Endl. was undertaken based on 34 morphological characters Table 1. Mitrephora maingayi Hook. f
was chosen as an outgroup because it has the closest relationship to Popowia Endl. Mitrephora Hook. f and Popowia Endl.have extra
axillary flower Sinclair, 1955. Table 1. Characters and Character States Used in the Phylogenetic
Analysis of the Malesian Taxa of Popowia Endl.
Characters Characters state
1 : Habit 0 = shrub
1 = tree
2 : Petioles length 0 = 4 mm
1 = 4 mm
3 : Petioles surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent or tomentose
4 : Leaves length 0 = 10 cm
1 = 10 cm
5 : Leaves wide 0 = 4 cm
1 = 4 cm
6 : Leaves shape 0 = lanceolate
1 = ellipt or ovate
7 : Leaves texture 0 = membranaceous
1 = chartaceous or coriaceous
8 : Apex of leaves 0 = acute
1 = acuminate
9 : Base of leaves 0 = oblique
1 = unequal
10 : Leaves base shape
0 = acute or cuneate 1 = rounded
2 = cordate or sub cordate
11 : Upper leaves surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent tomentose
12 : Lower leaves surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent tomentose
13 : Midrib surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent tomentose
14 : Number of nerves 0 = 10 pairs
1 = 10 pairs
15 : Reticulation 0 = not visible
1 = visible
16 : Secunder nerves 0 = faint
1 = prominent
Table 1. continued
Characters Characters state
17 : Pedicel length 1 = 10 mm
0 =
10 mm
18 : Pedicel surface 0 = strigose or hairy
1 = pubescent or tomentose
19 : Sepal shape 0 = triangular
1 = ovate 2 = cordate or sub cordate
20 : Sepal length 0 = 4 mm
1 = 4 mm
21 : Sepal apex 0 = acute or sub acute
1 = obtuse
22 : Outer surface of sepal 0 = hairy
1 = pubescent or tomentose
23 : Petal shape 0 = orbicular or sub orbicular
1 = ovate or elliptic
24 : Outer surface of petal 0 = pubescent or tomentose
1 = villous
25 : Inner surface of petal 0 = pubescent or tomentose
1 = villous
26 : Outer petal length 0 = 4 mm
1 = 4 mm
27 : Inner petal length 0 = 5 mm
1 = 5 mm
28 : Number of ovary 0 = 8
1 = 8
29 : Ovary surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent – tomentose
30 : Ripe carpel length 0 = 15 mm
1 = 15 mm
31 : Ripe carpel shape 0 = globose
1 = ovoid
32 : Ripe carpel surface 0 = glabrous
1 = pubescent tomentose
33 : Stalk length 0 = 10 mm
1 = 10 mm
34 : Number of seed
0 = 1 1 = 1
Data matrix of the characters which has been used for the analysis shown in table 2.; when a characters state can not be defined it was noted as
“ ? “. The analysis was performed using the PAUP version 4. ob 10
computer program to find the most parsimonious tree. The resulting cladogram is three trees parsimony with 53 tree length, with consistency
index CI 0.6415 and retention index 0.5682; tree number one was choosen
