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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research method is a way employed by the writer to collect and analyze the data in order to solve the problem. This research investigated the implementations
of Picture Word Inductive Model to see its effectiveness on students‟ writing
ability. The discussion of this chapter elaborates research design, place of the study, population and sample, procedure of the study, research instrument, data
analysis technique, and statistical hypotheses.
A. Research Design
The researcher used the quantitative approach that was dealing with experimental method. According to Kothari, Quantitative data referred to the
measurement of quantity or amount.
1
In other word, it used statistical analysis to calculate the numeral data. These data were expressed in the mathematics and
must be evaluated and interpreted by means of appropriate statistical procedure. Thus, the writer conducted this research by using experimental research
design which concerns on the students‟ writing ability. Experimental research concerns on finding the causal relationship between two factors which are raised
by the researcher.
2
In doing an experimental study usually two groups were involved and compared to find the influence of a treatment. According toBest, the
design of the experimental study can be described as follows:
3
Table 3.1 Design of the Experimental Study
Experimental Group O
1
X
1
O
2
Control Group O
1
_ O
2
1
C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Research and Technique, New Delhi: New Age International P Limited Publisher,2002, p. 3
2
Sanapiah Faisal, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1982 , p. 42
3
Ibid., p. 101
In support, according to Fraenkel and Wallen, experimental research is an experiment which has at least one variable in its study and it gives chance to the
researcher to make a hypothesis due to predict the result.
4
Moreover, the researcher can manipulate the independent variable in order to gain the result that was
predicted before doing some treatments. In this study, quasi-experiment would be used as the true method.
5
Quasi-experiment is an experimental design which has two subjects of experiment termed as experimental and control group and also requires pre-test
and post-test. Its main characteristic is no random assignments of subject, so it means the researcher try to manipulate the subject effectively. In this design, the
researcher needed at least two classes or groups to be experimented. One group was as control group and another was as experimental group. The picture below is
illustrated the research design of the study adapted by Creswell: Group A O ---------------------- X -------------------- O
Group B O ---------------------------------------------- O Explanation:
A : Experimental group B : Control Group
O : Pre-test and post-test X : Treatment
B.
The Place and Time of the Study
The writer carried out the study at SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan. It is located on Jl. Ir. H. Juanda, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15412. This research was
conducted from January 29
th
until 06
th
July 2016.
4
Jack R. Fraenkel and Norman E. Wallen, How to Design and Evaluate Research Education; Fifth Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill,. 2004, p. 265.
5
David Nunan, Research Methods in Language Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., 1992, p. 41.
C. The Population and Sample
