AN ANALYSIS ON INDONESIAN TRANSLATED COLLOCATION OF EDGAR ALLAN POEÂ’S SHORT STORY Â“THE BLACK CATÂ”

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AN ANALYSIS ON INDONESIAN TRANSLATED

COLLOCATION OF EDGAR ALLAN POE’S SHORT STORY

“THE BLACK CAT”

THESIS

By:

NOERUL AFIFA MASYITA

201420100312269

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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ACKNOWLEDG

_E

MENTS

First of all, Alhamdullilah all praise be to Allah the Almighty because of all glory, Beneficent and Merciful. By Allah protection I can finish my thesis. Peace and Blessing always be on our prophet Muhammad S.A.W.

The writer whishes to express the gratitude and thanks to:

1. Riski Lestiono, M.A., as the first advisor.

2. Erlyna Abidasari, M.A., M.Ed., as the second advisor.

3. My beloved father and mother “Bpk. Ibrahim Mewar, S.E and Ibu Maryam Halim”, who always give support and pray. I could never pay back for all the things they have done to me.

4. My dearest sisters and brother “Mira, Maya, Ikbal, Dilla, Gusti Andaniar, and Nurul Huda”, who gave me strength and motivation to finish my thesis.

5. My funniest friends in the world “Citra, Iman, Tomat, Prisna, Julia” who always makes me smile.

Finally, to all of my friends and English Department’s lecturers, thank you very much for the kindness and attention.

Malang, May 4, 2016

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TITLE ……….…. i

APPROVAL ………. ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION …..………...….… iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……… iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………...v

ABSTRACT ………...vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study ………..…………... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems ………... 4

1.3Purposes of the Study ………..….4

1.4Significances of the Study ………... 4

1.5Scope and Limitation ………..…. 5

1.6Definition of Key Terms ………..…… 5

1.7Previous Studies ………..…. 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Translation ……….……… 8

2.2 Types of Translation ……….…... 9

2.2.1 Literal Translation ……….... 9

2.2.2 Dynamic Translation ………... 11

2.2.3 Free Translation ……….. 12

2.3 Collocation ……….… 13

2.4 Types of Collocation ……….. 15

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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ………...21

3.2 Object of the Study ……….. 22

3.3 Source of Data ……….…….. 23

3.4 The Research Instrument ………23

3.5 Data Collection ………...24

3.6 Data Analysis ………...26

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ……….. 27

4.1.1 The Collocations in the “Black Cat” Short Story……….27

4.1.2 English Collocations Translated As Collocation in Indonesian……….28

4.1.3 English Collocations not translated As Collocation in Indonesian ………31

4.1.4 The Meaning of the Collocations that have been Changed ………... 35

4.1.5 Collocations that were not translated……36

4.5 Discussion ……….. 37

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion……….. 41

5.2 Suggestions ……… 42 REFERENCES

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran I : The table of collocations found in the “Black Cat” short story

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REFERENCES

Ary, D. Jacob, L. C. and Razavieh, A. 2002. Introduction to Reseach in Education. USA; Stamford.

Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A course Book on Translation. London and New York: Routledge.

Benson, Morton, et.al. 1997. The BBI Dictionary of English Word Combinations. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Catford, J.C. 1980. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford Unity Press.

Ditsa, G. 2004. A Research Design and A Methodological Approach to an Explanatory User Behavior Testing: Lessons Learnt. Idea Group Inc. Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday. 2004. Translation: An advance Resource Book.

London/New York: Routledge.

Larson, L. M. 1984. Meaning Based Translation, A Guide to Cross language, Equivalence. Lanham: University Press of America.

McCarty, Michael and Felicity O’Dell. 2005. English Collocations in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Meyers, J. 1992. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. Cooper Square Press. Newmark, P. 1981. Approach to Translation. Oxford. Pergament Press Ltd. Nida, E. A and Taber, C.R. 1982. The Theory and Practice of Translation.

Leiden: E.J Brill.

Simatupang, M. D.S. 2000. Pengantar Teori Penerjemahan. Jakarta: Depdiknas. Suryawinata, Zuchridin, and Hariyanto, Sugeng. 2003. Translation: Bahasan teori

dan Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisus. Tiojakin, Maggie. 2012. Kisah-Kisah Tengah Malam. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language plays an important role in human life also in spreading communication and information with others. Through communication, we make a social interaction system. As the globalization era approaches, people need to communicate with others to exchange information, to do business with another, to adsorb and develop science as well as to transfer technology. Moreover, people around the world feel that gaining a better ability in using English will ease them to communicate with other people from different places, culture, context and etc. This phenomenon leads to the needs for an international language.

To spread extensively information provided in many foreign languages, the role of translator is surely important. Translation will be a very important thing to do if we get much information which is written in foreign language. Translation can open the information that early people knew nothing. There are many definitions of translation. According to Nida and Taber (1982:12) “Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of a short language message, firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. In addition, Catford (1980:20) also proposes that “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language”.

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In this definition, there are two lexical items to pay attention to, namely “textual material” and “equivalent”. Textual material refers to the fact that not all source language text are translated or replaced by the target language equivalents. The term “equivalent” is clearly a key term and the translator should find the “equivalence” between the source language and the target language. The central problem of translation from this statement is to find target language translation equivalences. The bigger the gap between the source language and the target language, the more difficult it is to transfer the message from one to another. The difference between source language and target language, and the variation in their cultures make the process of translation become a real challenge. Problems may come while translating a text, for example the problem of non-native speakers in translating a text, usually with the use of English vocabulary and the use of combination of words. This is an aspect of language called collocation.

Collocation is the relationship between two words or groups of words that often go together and form a common expression. If the expression is heard often, the words become glued together in our minds. Larson (1984:141) stated that “Collocation is concerned with how words go together, which words may occur in constructions with which other words”. Naturally, some words may occur often with other words, such as a noun which can collocate with a verb, for example: The economy boomed, The company launched, etc. (McCarty and O’Dell 2005:12)

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The non-native translator may find it difficult to translate a collocation since collocation usually cannot be translated into the languages word by word. Furthermore, there is no collocation rule that can be learnt. The native speaker intuitively makes the correct collocation based on a lifetime’s experience of hearing and reading the words in a set of combinations in their own language. However, it will be difficult for non-native speakers to translate a collocation since they have a limited experience.

The reason for choosing collocation is because sometimes the differences in the collocation patterning of the source language and target language can make various problems for translator. For example a translator sometimes can easily misinterpret a collocation in the source text due to interference from his/her native language. The explanations above become the main interest for the writer to find out more about translating collocation. After looking for what kind of text that would be used as the source of data, the writer chose a short story The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe as the source of data because the short story consists plenty of collocations and difficult words. It is really hard for common people to understand the significance of the short story. The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe and it was published in the August 19, 1843. The translated version was published in 2010 called Kisah-Kisah Tengah Malam which consists of thirteen short stories about psychology and suspense including The Black Cat and translated into Indonesian by Indonesian translator, Maggie Tiojakin.

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4 1.2 Statement of Problems

Referring to the background of the study, this study is aimed to answer the following research questions:

1. What are the collocations found in the short story?

2. Are the English collocations translated as collocations in target language?

1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the statement of problem above, the purpose of the study can be shown in the following sentences:

1. To find the collocations in the short story

2. To identify and analyze whether the English collocations are also translated as collocations in the target language.

1.4 Significances of the Study

The writer expects that this study is useful for those who are studying translation. For the translator, this study can be used to improve the quality of translation. This study is an additional knowledge to improve the vocabulary of collocations for Indonesian learners who study English translation. Furthermore, the result of this study is expected to be a reference in translating collocation from English to Indonesian.

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1.5 Scope and Limitation

As the scope of the study, this study analyzes the collocations in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story entitled The Black Cat. The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe and it was published in the August 19, 1843. The translated version was published in 2010 which consists of thirteen short stories about psychology and suspense including The Black Cat. This study will be limited to answer the research questions on several collocations found in the short story and whether the translated versions represent the origin.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding that may occur in the study, there are several terms which need to be defined.

1. Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written and/or statement in another language (Newmark 1981:7). Translation is an operation performed on languages: A process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another (Catford 1980:1). Therefore, Translation is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target).

2. Collocations are words joined together in phrases or sentences to form semantically unified expressions. (Larson 1984:144). Nida (1982:198) defined collocation as “a structured combination of words with compatible semantic components”. In brief, collocation refers to words that generally go together.

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3. Short Story is fictional work of prose that is shorter in length than a novel. Edgar Allan Poe (1842:2) in his essay “The Philosophy of Composition” said that a short story should be read in one sitting, anywhere from a half hour to two hours.

4. The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of The Saturday Evening Post. Jeffrey Meyers in his book “Edgar Allan Poe: his life and legacy” (1992:137) said that “The Black Cat” is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart". This first person narrative falls into the realm of Horror/Gothic Literature, and has been examined in association with themes of insanity and alcoholism.

1.7 Previous Studies

There are two previous studies used by the writer to support this research.

1. An Analysis on the Translation of the Collocations in Negeri 5 Menara by Dewanti Eka Larasati. (2013)

2. An Analysis on Indonesian Translated Collocation in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Olympians “The Battle of The Labyrinth” by Putri Agung Rizki. (2011)

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The difference of this current study and previous studies are:

1. The first study focused on analyzing translated collocation from Indonesian into English, while this current study focused on analyzing translated collocation from English into Indonesian. In addition, the previous study aimed to find out how the Indonesian collocations in Negeri 5 Menara are translated into English and the current study aimed to find the collocations, identify and analyze whether the English collocations are also translated as collocations in the target language.

2. The second study was quite similar to the first study. This study aims to find out how the English Collocations are translated into Indonesian and the meaning equivalence of the translation; while this current study aimed to find the collocations, identify and analyze whether the English collocations are also translated as collocations in the target language as mentioned before.

This study is still important to be conducted because collocations exist in our daily communication. However, we find them difficult to learn especially for foreign language learners. More research about collocation will be helpful for learners in the future.

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The reason for choosing collocation is because sometimes the differences in the collocation patterning of the source language and target language can make various problems for translator. For example a translator sometimes can easily misinterpret a collocation in the source text due to interference from his/her native language. The explanations above become the main interest for the writer to find out more about translating collocation. After looking for what kind of text that would be used as the source of data, the writer chose a short story The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe as the source of data because the short story consists plenty of collocations and difficult words. It is really hard for common people to understand the significance of the short story. The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe and it was published in the August 19, 1843. The translated version was published in 2010 called Kisah-Kisah Tengah Malam which consists of thirteen short stories about psychology and suspense including The Black Cat and translated into Indonesian by Indonesian translator, Maggie Tiojakin.

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1.2 Statement of Problems

Referring to the background of the study, this study is aimed to answer the following research questions:

1. What are the collocations found in the short story?

2. Are the English collocations translated as collocations in target language?

1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the statement of problem above, the purpose of the study can be shown in the following sentences:

1. To find the collocations in the short story

2. To identify and analyze whether the English collocations are also translated as collocations in the target language.

1.4 Significances of the Study

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1.5 Scope and Limitation

As the scope of the study, this study analyzes the collocations in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story entitled The Black Cat. The Black Cat is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe and it was published in the August 19, 1843. The translated version was published in 2010 which consists of thirteen short stories about psychology and suspense including The Black Cat. This study will be limited to answer the research questions on several collocations found in the short story and whether the translated versions represent the origin.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding that may occur in the study, there are several terms which need to be defined.

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1.7 Previous Studies

There are two previous studies used by the writer to support this research.

1. An Analysis on the Translation of the Collocations in Negeri 5 Menara by Dewanti Eka Larasati. (2013)

2. An Analysis on Indonesian Translated Collocation in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Olympians “The Battle of The Labyrinth” by Putri Agung Rizki. (2011)

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The difference of this current study and previous studies are:

AN ANALYSIS ON INDONESIAN TRANSLATED COLLOCATION OF EDGAR ALLAN POEÂ’S SHORT STORY Â“THE BLACK CATÂ”