Status of Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
3-5 July 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Editors
L.H. Ang
W.M.Ho
C.T. Lee
H.C.Sim
"
APAF RI
ｋｾｖＩ＠
ｊｻｃａｾＮ＠
P
1 V1 cC () vV'>td
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Roolamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration Towards a Greener Asia
3-5 July 2012. Kuala Lumpur
Editors
L.H. Ang
W.M.Ho
C.T. Lee
H.C. Sim
APAFRI
2012
KOREA FOREST RESE"RCH INSTITUTE
© Forest Research Institute Malaysia 2012
All enquiries should be forwarded to:
Director-General
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
52109 Kepong
Selangor Darnl Ehsan
Malaysia
Tel: 603-6279 7000
Fax: 603-6273 1314
http://www.frim.gov.my
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
International Symposium on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration
Towards a Greener Asia (2012: Kuala Lumpur)
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reclamation, Rehabilitation
and Restoration Towards a Greener Asia, 3-5 July 2012, Kuala Lumpur I
editors L.H. Ang ... [et al.]
ISBN 978-967-5221-83-5
1. Forest and forestry--Congresses. 2. Forest restoration--Congresses.
I. Ang, LH. II. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia. III. Title.
634.9095
MS ISO 9001 :2008 Certified
Cover Design:
ｓｾｵｱｩｹ｡ｨ＠
Abdul Hamid
Set in Times New Roman 12
Printed in Malaysia by Concept Press Sdn Bhd, Batu Caves
Contents
ｾ＠ Ｇ ｬＮ｣ｉ］ｾ＠
-Llin g Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests
Tn Ip ｩ ｣ｾ＠
lJ :tIC
ｉＢｲＺｾ＠
;
ｒＨｾｲｯ｡ｴｩｮ＠
",
ｾ
ｉ ｴＢｾＺＮＵＭ
Activities and Degradation Issues in Korea
.
ｩ ｫ＠
ＺｾＮＡＧ
Ｑｉ＼､･＠
ｾｬ｡ｴ｣ｨｩｮｧ＠
- Key for Successful Rehabilitation and Restoration of
3
7
10
Lands
- ,.....:..!.
ＢｾＱＺｫＭ
Ｂｩｮｧ＠
Restoration Through Reforestation: Thailand's Experience and
17
.' ＭＧＺｾ［ＬｔＲｲｵ｣ｫｳ｡＠
•
Ｉｦ
ＧＺｾＡ＠
Rehabilitation in Vietnam Since 1975 and Future Challenges
: = ｾ＠ ___ ;;:".. J D. Kellas
n ,c'anonal Greening Programme: Mission Possible in Pursuit to Sustainable
[ )o,;,
21
26
.:Iopment for a Greener Philippines
_ _ ··.. ·3.r:.asen
" {cn c Rehabilitation and Forest Restoration in New Caledonia: a Challenge to
30
Ｇ ｾ Ｇ Ｚ Ｇ ｄ ｾｮ＠
e a Cnique Biodiversity
ｾ＠
::''= L L. L ' Huillier, T. Jaffre, R. Geraux
ｾ ｜ ｮｴ･､＠
Successful Models of Rehabilitation and Restoration of Terrestrial
[i'C"graded Ecosystems in Malaysia
_ ＺＭ ｾＧＱ ｧＮ＠ W.M. Ro, H.S. Kang, D.K. Lee
P iau Banding Research Centre - a NGO Forest Research Facility
:: J hlishnapillay
ｾ ｬ ｡ｲｵｳ＠
of Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia
: :13,:1dian, Supriyanto
ｒｾｴｯｲ｡ｩｮ＠
and Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest Lands in Southern China
: :.- Zhong, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Q.B. Jiang, Z. Chen, K. Pinyopusarerk
Re-storation of Degraded Forest Land in Mongolia (an Example of Tujiin nars
Plantations)
::: '\;yam-Osor, G. Sukhbaatar, B. Nachin, J. Tsogtbaatar
Restoration and Rehabilitation of Mountain Forests Through Community
Forestry in Nepal
=; Lamichhane
Conservation and Rehabilitation Initiatives of Southern Luzon State University
in ｾｉｴＮ＠
Banahaw de Lucban, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines
:: '\; . Gascon
In Situ Conservation of Plants at Bakun Dam
o Bibian, S. Julia, D. Malcom
Assessment of Phytoextraction Potential of Two Timber Species
'\; \1. Shibli, N.M. Majid, M.S. Noor Azhar, A. Arifin
Rehabilitation of Bauxite Mine Spoils With Beneficial Microbes and Fast
Growing Tree Species
:-\. Karthikeyan, N. Krishnakumar
11l
35
39
41
46
50
55
59
62
66
72
Status of Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia
P. Handian*, Supriyanto
Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Introduction
Land and forest rehabilitation in Indonesia is conducted in degraded forest areas
;;xcept the Nature Conservation area and Core Zone of National Park) and degraded land
Ｎ ｾｉｵｴｳｩ､･＠
the forest areas, which was aimed to improve the environmental, social and economic
:"-.fictions of the forest. Degraded land and forest areas are called critical land. Critical land
ｾ､Ｇ･ｲｳ＠
to a piece of land which is severely damaged due to the loss of vegetation cover, and
:herefore its functions as water retention, erosion control, nutrient cycling, micro climate
ｾｧｵｬ｡ｴｯｲ＠
and carbon retention are completely depleted. Besides the degradation on
;;D\'ironmental functions, there are some impacts on socio-economic functions related to
:orest function in providing non-timber forest products (NTFT), source of income, food, and
.:nergy. In addition, in severely degraded conditions, the land and forest become poor in
')iodiversity, while other environmental and socio-economic functions will be affected. Forest
-:egradation can be caused by legal activities (timber harvesting, forest conversion and mining
ｾ｣ｴｩｶ･ｳＩ＠
and illegal activities (illegal logging, and forest conversion to agricultural land and
ｾｴ｡･＠
crops) or natural disasters (such as forest fires, drought and flooding).
Without appropriate handling, the land and forest degradation causes several
ｾｮ｜Ｇｩｲｯｭ･ｴ｡ｬＬ＠
social and economic losses. Environmental disasters include flood, erosion
.ll1d global climate change. The social losses include losses in forest function in providing
:'uman basic needs, and job opportunities, while economical losses consist of the decrease in
5
3-5 July 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Editors
L.H. Ang
W.M.Ho
C.T. Lee
H.C.Sim
"
APAF RI
ｋｾｖＩ＠
ｊｻｃａｾＮ＠
P
1 V1 cC () vV'>td
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Roolamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration Towards a Greener Asia
3-5 July 2012. Kuala Lumpur
Editors
L.H. Ang
W.M.Ho
C.T. Lee
H.C. Sim
APAFRI
2012
KOREA FOREST RESE"RCH INSTITUTE
© Forest Research Institute Malaysia 2012
All enquiries should be forwarded to:
Director-General
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
52109 Kepong
Selangor Darnl Ehsan
Malaysia
Tel: 603-6279 7000
Fax: 603-6273 1314
http://www.frim.gov.my
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
International Symposium on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration
Towards a Greener Asia (2012: Kuala Lumpur)
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reclamation, Rehabilitation
and Restoration Towards a Greener Asia, 3-5 July 2012, Kuala Lumpur I
editors L.H. Ang ... [et al.]
ISBN 978-967-5221-83-5
1. Forest and forestry--Congresses. 2. Forest restoration--Congresses.
I. Ang, LH. II. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia. III. Title.
634.9095
MS ISO 9001 :2008 Certified
Cover Design:
ｓｾｵｱｩｹ｡ｨ＠
Abdul Hamid
Set in Times New Roman 12
Printed in Malaysia by Concept Press Sdn Bhd, Batu Caves
Contents
ｾ＠ Ｇ ｬＮ｣ｉ］ｾ＠
-Llin g Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests
Tn Ip ｩ ｣ｾ＠
lJ :tIC
ｉＢｲＺｾ＠
;
ｒＨｾｲｯ｡ｴｩｮ＠
",
ｾ
ｉ ｴＢｾＺＮＵＭ
Activities and Degradation Issues in Korea
.
ｩ ｫ＠
ＺｾＮＡＧ
Ｑｉ＼､･＠
ｾｬ｡ｴ｣ｨｩｮｧ＠
- Key for Successful Rehabilitation and Restoration of
3
7
10
Lands
- ,.....:..!.
ＢｾＱＺｫＭ
Ｂｩｮｧ＠
Restoration Through Reforestation: Thailand's Experience and
17
.' ＭＧＺｾ［ＬｔＲｲｵ｣ｫｳ｡＠
•
Ｉｦ
ＧＺｾＡ＠
Rehabilitation in Vietnam Since 1975 and Future Challenges
: = ｾ＠ ___ ;;:".. J D. Kellas
n ,c'anonal Greening Programme: Mission Possible in Pursuit to Sustainable
[ )o,;,
21
26
.:Iopment for a Greener Philippines
_ _ ··.. ·3.r:.asen
" {cn c Rehabilitation and Forest Restoration in New Caledonia: a Challenge to
30
Ｇ ｾ Ｇ Ｚ Ｇ ｄ ｾｮ＠
e a Cnique Biodiversity
ｾ＠
::''= L L. L ' Huillier, T. Jaffre, R. Geraux
ｾ ｜ ｮｴ･､＠
Successful Models of Rehabilitation and Restoration of Terrestrial
[i'C"graded Ecosystems in Malaysia
_ ＺＭ ｾＧＱ ｧＮ＠ W.M. Ro, H.S. Kang, D.K. Lee
P iau Banding Research Centre - a NGO Forest Research Facility
:: J hlishnapillay
ｾ ｬ ｡ｲｵｳ＠
of Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia
: :13,:1dian, Supriyanto
ｒｾｴｯｲ｡ｩｮ＠
and Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest Lands in Southern China
: :.- Zhong, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Q.B. Jiang, Z. Chen, K. Pinyopusarerk
Re-storation of Degraded Forest Land in Mongolia (an Example of Tujiin nars
Plantations)
::: '\;yam-Osor, G. Sukhbaatar, B. Nachin, J. Tsogtbaatar
Restoration and Rehabilitation of Mountain Forests Through Community
Forestry in Nepal
=; Lamichhane
Conservation and Rehabilitation Initiatives of Southern Luzon State University
in ｾｉｴＮ＠
Banahaw de Lucban, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines
:: '\; . Gascon
In Situ Conservation of Plants at Bakun Dam
o Bibian, S. Julia, D. Malcom
Assessment of Phytoextraction Potential of Two Timber Species
'\; \1. Shibli, N.M. Majid, M.S. Noor Azhar, A. Arifin
Rehabilitation of Bauxite Mine Spoils With Beneficial Microbes and Fast
Growing Tree Species
:-\. Karthikeyan, N. Krishnakumar
11l
35
39
41
46
50
55
59
62
66
72
Status of Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia
P. Handian*, Supriyanto
Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Introduction
Land and forest rehabilitation in Indonesia is conducted in degraded forest areas
;;xcept the Nature Conservation area and Core Zone of National Park) and degraded land
Ｎ ｾｉｵｴｳｩ､･＠
the forest areas, which was aimed to improve the environmental, social and economic
:"-.fictions of the forest. Degraded land and forest areas are called critical land. Critical land
ｾ､Ｇ･ｲｳ＠
to a piece of land which is severely damaged due to the loss of vegetation cover, and
:herefore its functions as water retention, erosion control, nutrient cycling, micro climate
ｾｧｵｬ｡ｴｯｲ＠
and carbon retention are completely depleted. Besides the degradation on
;;D\'ironmental functions, there are some impacts on socio-economic functions related to
:orest function in providing non-timber forest products (NTFT), source of income, food, and
.:nergy. In addition, in severely degraded conditions, the land and forest become poor in
')iodiversity, while other environmental and socio-economic functions will be affected. Forest
-:egradation can be caused by legal activities (timber harvesting, forest conversion and mining
ｾ｣ｴｩｶ･ｳＩ＠
and illegal activities (illegal logging, and forest conversion to agricultural land and
ｾｴ｡･＠
crops) or natural disasters (such as forest fires, drought and flooding).
Without appropriate handling, the land and forest degradation causes several
ｾｮ｜Ｇｩｲｯｭ･ｴ｡ｬＬ＠
social and economic losses. Environmental disasters include flood, erosion
.ll1d global climate change. The social losses include losses in forest function in providing
:'uman basic needs, and job opportunities, while economical losses consist of the decrease in
5