character of Orchid represent in the story. The second, the writer will apply the theories of characterization by Murphy and Holman and Horman to give further
description about Orchid’s characteristics. The writer uses the theory of motive to answer the second problem. There
are four theories that can help the writer to answer the second problem. The first theory of motive is from Charles g. Morris and Kagan and Havernnann. These
theories are related to the understanding of motive which both have the same concept that motive is the main reason of someone doing something or achieve a
goal. The theories by Worchel and Shebilske, David C. Edwards focused on the kinds of motive while Maslow focused on hierarchy of needs of a person to satisfy
their needs. The third, the writer see the relation between literature and psychology. By
the theory of Holland, Wellek and Warren, the writer can see the main character psychology represent in the novel. The writer will apply the psychological
criticism to analyze the content of literary text using psychology. The last, the writer draws the conclusion of the answer of problem that formulated in chapter I.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a novel titled Empress Orchid. This novel is written by Anchee Min. This novel is the fourth book that she wrote. This book is
one of her best seller novel after Red Azalea and Madame Mao. Red Azalea was published in 1992, followed by Becoming Madame Mao in 2000. Empress Orchid
was first published in 2004 in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing Inc. and in 2006, this novel got nominee for the Richard and Judy Best Read of the Year
Award. It is also one of the ten list of best-selling book in England. Empress Orchid contains twenty four chapters and three hundred seventy
pages. The author, Anchee Min, creates this novel based on history of China in Qing Dinasty. The real character of Orchid was Empress Dowager Cixi from
Manchu clan. The characteristics of Anchee Min’s novels are always related to
China’s History. The novel tells about a girl named Orchid, eighteen years old, who lost her father and have to replace the position of her father to take care of the
family. After her father died, she lived in Peking with her mom, her sister, and her brother with financial problem or poverty. She tries become the
Emperor’s concubine and fortunately, she was choosen. She has to survive in Forbidden City
with all of the problem and dangerous situation. She was the only one of the Emperor’s concubine who bears a son. When her son, Tung Chih, ascended the
throne as an Emperor, Orchid gained the title of Empress Dowager and got a new name, Cixi.
B. Approach of the Study
To analyze the novel, an approach is used as the framework. As the writer deals with the motive of the main character, the writer chose psychological
approach to analyze the work. Mary Rohrberger and Samuel H. Wood said that “psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain
recurrent patterns” 1971:13. It means that psychological approach can identify any aspects of psychology in literature world including human motivation,
imagination, thought, behavior, and human personality. This approach is used to explain the human motivation which can be used to analyze the motive of the
main character as it deals with mind, perspective and behavior. The characterization of the main character as human personality pattern can be seen
through the main character’s mind, perspective and behavior. In Sartain theory about motive, generally, a motive is a complex state within an organism that
directs behavior toward a goal or incentive 1956: 46. The goal itself terminates the behavior of the character. The characterization influences an organism to do
actions to reach the goal. Therefore, psychological approach helps the writer to explain the pattern of the main character in analyzing of Orchid’s motive to
become a concubine through the character’s mind and behavior.
C. Method of the Study
The method that writer used to analyze the novel is library research. The references used in this study are from related book, articles and journals that were
provided in the library and internet. The primary source is the novel entitles Empress Orchid by Anchee Min. The secondary sources are some important
books such as An Introduction to Fiction by Robert Stanton, Reading and Writing about Literature by Mary Rohrberger and Samuel H. Woods, Psycology:
Understanding Human Behavior by Aaron Q. Sartain, Psychology and Life by Gerric Zimbardo and Understanding Unseen by Murphy. The others are some
of the writing from the internet. Moreover, there were several steps needed to do the research. The first
was choosing the literary work to be analyzed. It was a novel by Anchee Min entitled Empress Orchid. Next, reading the novel as the primary data in order to
understanding the study. The second step was formulated the problem formulations which can be analyzed. Third, the writer chose the appropriate
theory to analyze the literary work. They are the theory of character and characterization and the theory of motive. The next step, the writer chose the
appropriate approach of the study. The psychological approach by Rohrberger was the suitable approach to analyze and answer the problem formulations. The fifth
step, the writer analyze and answer the problem formulation. The first problem formulation was describing Orchid’s characterization and the second problem
formulation was the motive of the main character to become a concubine through Maslow’s theory of motive cited by Gerric Zimbardo. The last step was drew
the conclusion. It is presented the result of the analysis and the summary of the formulated problems.
