Review on Harlem THEORETICAL REVIEW
of Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama. Many came to Harlem. By 1920, central Harlem was predominantly black and by 1930 blacks lived as far south at Central
Park. The expansion was fueled primarily by the influx of blacks from West Indies and Southern US. As blacks moved in, white resident left.
The period of Harlem’s history has been highly romanticized since the 1920 then although it was the time when the neighborhood to become a slum and
some of the storied traditions of the Harlem Renaissance were driven by poverty, crime, or other social ills. Indeed, since the arrival of blacks in Harlem, the
neighborhood has suffered from the unemployment than the NY average generally more than twice as high and high mortality rates as well. The people
also suffer from infectious disease and diseases of the circulatory system with a variety of contributing factors including the deep fried foods traditional to the
neighborhood which may contribute to heart disease. Yet, black Harlem has always been religious, and the area is home to over 400 churches.
Furthermore, it is not surprisingly, as a neighborhood with a long history of marginalization economic deprivation, Harlem has long been associated with
crime. In the 1920’s, he Jewish and Italian mafia played a major role in running the white- only night clubs in the neighborhood and the speakeasies that catered to
a white audience. Mobster Dutch Shultz controlled all liquor production and distribution in Harlem in 1920’s. Rather than compete with the established mobs,
black gangsters concentrated on the policy racket, also called the Numbers game, or bolita in Spanish Harlem. This was gambling scheme similar to a
lottery that could be played, illegally, from countless locations around Harlem. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The popularity of playing the numbers waned with the introduction of the New York State lottery, which has higher payouts and is legal, but the practice
continues on a smaller scale among those who prefer the numbers tradition or who prefer to trust their local numbers bank over the state.
In 1940 statistics show about 100 murders per year in Harlem, but rape is very rare. By 1950, essentially all of the whites had left Harlem and by 1960, the
black middle class had gone. At the same time, control of organized crime shifted from Jewish and Italian syndicates to local black, Puerto Rican, and Cuban groups
that were somewhat less formally organized. At the time of the 1964 riots, the drug addiction rate in Harlem was ten times higher than the New York City
average, and twelve times higher than the United States as a whole. Of the 30,000 drug addicts then estimated to live in New York City, 15,000 to 20,000 lived in
Harlem. Property crime was pervasive, and the murder rate was six times higher than New Yorks average. Half of the children in Harlem grew up with one parent,
or none, and lack of supervision contributed to juvenile delinquency; between 1953 and 1962, the crime rate among young people increased throughout New
York City, but was consistently 50 higher in Harlem than in New York City as a whole. Injecting heroin grew in popularity in Harlem through the 1950s and
1960s, though the use of this drug then leveled off. In the 1980s, use of crack cocaine became widespread, which produced collateral crime as addicts stole to
finance their purchasing of additional drugs, and as dealers fought for the right to sell in particular regions, or over deals gone bad.
Finally, the recent history shows that Harlem began to see rapid gentrification in the late 1990s after years of false starts. This was driven by
changing federal and city policies, including fierce crime-fighting and a concerted effort to develop the retail corridor on 125th Street. Starting in 1994, the Upper
Manhattan Empowerment Zone funneled money into new developments. Finally, wealthier New Yorkers, having gentrified every other part of Manhattan and much
of Brooklyn, had nowhere else to go. The number of housing units in Harlem increased 14 between 1990 and 2000 and the rate of increase has been much
more rapid in recent years. Property values in Central Harlem increased nearly 300 during the 1990s, while the rest of the City saw only a 12 increase. Even
empty shells of buildings in the neighborhood were, as of 2007, routinely selling for nearly 1,000,000 each. Former U.S. President Bill Clinton has rented office
space at 55 West 125th Street since completing his second term in the White House in 2001.