Objective of the Study Benefits of the Study
term outcome of desirable target. The good change will be shown in a quantitative change which is a change in the statistical number.
2. Pragmatic competence Celce-Murcia and Olshtain 2000:20 propose pragmatic competence as “a
set of internalized rules of how to use language in socioculturally appropriate ways, taking into account the participants in a communicative interaction and
features of the context within which the interaction takes place”. Rod Ellis 2009 emphasizes the distinction between linguistic competence and pragmatic
competence as follow: “Pragmatic competence is normally distinguished from Linguistic competence. Both are seen as relating to ‘knowledge’ and are therefore
distinct from actual performance”. In short, pragmatic competence is more the knowledge of appropriate production and comprehension of language which is
performed in communication. The present study will see the pragmatic competence as the knowledge of appropriate production and comprehension of
language which is performed in communication. However, since the present study only uses a Multiple-choice Test, the pragmatic competence will be discussed is
more on the knowledge of appropriate comprehension of language in communication which is written in a Multiple-choice Test.
3. Implicature The word implicature was firstly introduced by Grice: “Implicature is the
conveyed meaning of the speaker” Grice, 1975: 43. Grice distinguishes between “what is said” and “what is meant”. Yule 1996: 35 states, “Implicature is an
additional conveyed meaning, that something must be more than just what the
word means.” The word implicature in the present study reflects to what is implicitly meant in what is explicitly said. The Multiple-choice DCTs in the
present study will provide 20 numbers of written spoken English conversations in which each of the conversations has an implicit meaning in what is explicitly said
by the speaker.