MATERIAL Physical and Mechanical Properties of Palm Oil Frond and Stem Bunch for Developing Pruner and Harvester Machinery Design - Diponegoro University | Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR)

© IJSE – ISSN: The plant tissue which will be used as the te sample has specific mechanical properties. Deflec property is a displacement event of particular elemen the surface fiber in a layer thickness due to the ben which occurs up to underside of pressing area. bending degree is influenced by the position of fiber particular layer and the thickness of the layer mathematical modeling of cutting force is hi influenced by the mechanical properties condition of sample and force vector analysis employed in cutt process. This force will correlate toward the deforma properties of cut material Yazid, 2005 b . A harvesting process of palm oil is a cutting mechan of the frond and stem bunch Delmastro and France 1998. A research in cutting mechanism of palm harvesting is very important to be conducted in orde develop more effective, efficient and ergonomic anticipate future global competition Ahmad et al An engineering approach based on cutting mechanism the frond and stem fruits analysis could be one of answers. This analysis could provide basic paramete the blade which enablesto cut the frond and stem bu efficiently Yazid et al., 2005 a . At this present, the b research of pruner and harvester palm oil frond and s has not yet focused to the whole factors of phys mechanical and structural properties of the plant mate toward the cutting mechanism. Perrson 1987 stated that knowledge of p structure is very important to generate the reactio plant material toward the cutting force and deformati Thus could also provide the easiness to gain logi solution in order to develop cutting tool design understanding of the force occurred on a tool should gained based on the material characteristic. The develo interaction can be not used if there are a different on and structure between laboratory and real at the f Holman and Gajda, 1989. The plant tissue which will be used as the te sample has specific mechanical properties. Deflec property is a displacement event of particular elemen the surface fiber in a layer thickness due to the ben which occurs up to underside of pressing area. bending degree is influenced by the position of fiber particular layer and the thickness of the layer mathematical modeling of cutting force is hi influenced by the mechanical properties condition of sample and force vector analysis employed in cutt process. This force will correlate toward the deforma properties of cut material Yazid, 2005 b . During cutting process, the blade penetrates into material, passing material strength which leads to mate become split. In this process, material deformatio different which depends on the blade shape and cutt mechanical process Sitkei, 1986. Based on above consideration, the research conducted to obtain field data and labora measurement upon the mechanical properties of palm frond and stem. The research was objected to ob physical and mechanical properties of palm oil frond stem to develop pruner and harvester machinery design palm oil bunch. ISSN: 2086-5023, 15 th April, 2013, All rights reserved be used as the tested l properties. Deflection of particular elements at ness due to the bending of pressing area. The the position of fiber in a ness of the layer. A tting force is highly perties condition of the is employed in cutting toward the deformation il is a cutting mechanism elmastro and Francesco, echanism of palm oil e conducted in order to nt and ergonomic to et al., 2000. ing mechanism of sis could be one of the vide basic parameter of e frond and stem bunch t this present, the basic palm oil frond and stem ole factors of physical, ties of the plant material t knowledge of plant generate the reaction of g force and deformation. asiness to gain logical utting tool design . An red on a tool should be acteristic. The developed re are a different on size ry and real at the field be used as the tested l properties. Deflection of particular elements at ness due to the bending of pressing area. The sition of fiber in a ness of the layer. A tting force is highly perties condition of the is employed in cutting toward the deformation lade penetrates into the h which leads to material aterial deformation is blade shape and cutting tion, the research was data and laboratory al properties of palm oil was objected to obtain es of palm oil frond and ster machinery design of

II. MATERIAL

AND METHOD The research was conducted from June 2009 in: 1. Laboratory of Plantation Product Technolo PoltanesaSamarinda. 2. Laboratory of Materials Strength, Departm Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, M University,Samarinda. 3. Palm Oil Plantation of Rea Kaltim Co., Tenggarong,KutaiKartanegara. Materials and tools used were: 1. Universal Testing Machine UTM AMSLER Tuzes, Machine Nr 1999 2. Deflecto meter Mitutoyo Japan, 0.01 2046-08, Shock Proof 3. Ruler, Protractor CCKL Creator, Pat. 4.766 4. Weighing-meter, Knife Cutter, Dagger. Figure 1 shows the technique to obtain material sample. The parameters which are o measured in frond and stem analysis were: a b fresh fruit bunch; c leaf frond. The m consisted of: 1 weight and length of a fresh and b leaf frond; 2 angle and clearance betw and trunk; b leaf frond and trunk; c frond bunch and frond. Measurement method to measure properties is shown in Fig. 2 which conducte these several parameters: 1. Elasticity Modulus E 2. Poisson ratio v 3. Yield strength s 4. Strain e Fig 1.Technique to obtain frond and bunch frui sample which is used in cutting test 70 METHOD ducted from June – September ion Product Technology, ls Strength, Department of Forest aculty of Forestry, Mulawarman Rea Kaltim Co., hine UTM AMSLER Type 10 toyo Japan, 0.01 – 10 mms, No. L Creator, Pat. 4.7666.675 er, Dagger. echnique to obtain the research ameters which are observed and tem analysis were: a stem bunch; leaf frond. The measurement d length of a fresh fruit bunch e and clearance between: a stem and trunk; c frond and frond, d od to measure mechanical ig. 2 which conducted to obtain frond and bunch fruit as material is used in cutting test 71 © IJSE – ISSN: 2086-5023, 15 th April, 2013, All rights reserved Fig. 2. Method to measure mechanical properties of palm oil frond and bunch Universal Testing Machine which was used in the Laboratory of Materials Strength, Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry of Mulawarman University is shownin Figure 3. Fig. 3. Apparatus and method to measure cutting force palm oil frond and bunch

III. RESULT