Teaching Young Learner LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Teaching

Teaching is the way to deliver materials, knowledge or information from the teacher to the subject learners. In order to reach the success of teaching activity, there must be a good feedback from the students. The practice of teaching itself can be through different strategies appropriate with the condition of the subject learners. According t o Douglas Brown, “teaching is guiding and faciliting learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the condition for learning. Your understanding of how the learners will determine or philosophy of education, your teaching style, your approach, methods, and classroom techniques” Brown , 2000: 7. In addition, Douglas states that “ teaching may be defined as showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing knowledge, causing to know or to understand.” Meanwhile, dictionary has its own definition of teaching. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary defines teaching as “the work of teacher.” Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary seven edition: 2005. Howard describes teaching as “an activity that tries to help someone to acquire change or develop skills, attitudes, ideals, appreciations, and knowled ge”. Howard, 1968:18. 4 commit to user It can be concluded that teaching is teacher’s activities in transferring information to hisher students. Teacher has an important role as a main media in supporting, and guidance her his students in teaching activity. It intends to get students know what material they learn.

B. Young Learner

Students at early age are called young learners. At their age, learning another language beside their mother tongue is a something new to do. Fred genesee says that “Young learners are children between approximately four and twelve years of age”. Genesee,1994:1. In addition Halliwel states that “Young children do not come to the language classroom emty-handed. They bring them an already well- established set of instinct, skills, and characteristics which will help them to learn another language”. Halliwel, 1992:3. Susan halliwel also identifies the characteristics of children. They are: Children are already very good at interpreting meaning without necessarily understanding the individual words Children already have great skill in using limited language creatively Children frequently learn indirectly rather than directly Children take great pleasure in finding and creating fun in what they do Children have a ready imagination commit to user Children take great delight in talking. Halliwel, 1992:3 Meanwhile, Wendy A. Scout also has his own definition about young learners. He divided the type of young learners into two classifications, five to seven year olds and eight to ten year olds. “We have divided the children into two main groups throughout the book – the five to seven year olds and the eight to ten year olds.” Scout 2000:1. Scout mentions the characteristics of those children as listed below. They can talk about what they are doing They can tell you about what they have done or heard They can plan activities They can argue for something and tell you why they think what they think They can use logical reasoning They can use their vivid imagination They can use a wide range of intonation patterns in their mother tongue They can understand direct human interaction Scout, 2000:1 The characteristics of eight to ten year olds according to Scout are as follows: commit to user Their basic concepts are formed They can tell the difference between fact and fiction They ask questions all the time They rely on the spoken word as well as the physical world to convey and understanding meaning They are able to make some decision about their own learning They have defined views about they like and do not like doing They are able to work with others and learn from others”. Scout, 2000:4 Statements above suggest that young learners are the beginners in learning english, they need a longer time and more sequences process in understanding and accepting something new. They have their own way in understanding the materials by using the simplest way because each students have different characteristics . Students age is also brings effect in learning english, students have different capability based on their age.

C. The Method in Teaching English