Dinda Welltsazia Rindhi 22010110120110 BAB8KTI

58

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Isbagio H, Albar Z, Kasjmir YI, et al. Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik. Dalam:
Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, et al, editor. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid III.
Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Interna Publishing, 2009 ; 2565-2579.
2. Yoga I Kasjmir, Kusworini Handono, Linda Kurniaty. Diagnosis dan pengelolaan
LES rekomendasi perhimpunan reumatologi Indonesia. Available from:

3. Sharon A Chambers, Elizabeth Allen, Anisur Rahman and David Isenberg.
Damage and mortality in a group of British patients with systemic lupus
erythematosus followed up for over 10 years. Rheumatology 2009;48:673–675.
4. Stoll T, Seifert B, Isenberg DA. SLICC/ACR Damage Index Is Valid, And Renal
And Pulmonary Organ Scores Are Predictors Of Severe Outcome In Patients
With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Mar;35(3):248-54.
5. S Khanna, H Pal, R.M Pandey. The relationship between disease activity and
quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology 2004;43:1536–
1540.
6. T Stoll, N Sutcliffe1, J Mach, et al. Analysis of the relationship between disease
activity and damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus—a 5-yr

prospective study. Rheumatology 2004;43:1039–1044.
7. Manson JJ, Isenberg DA. The Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J
Netherl Med 2003;61(11):343-346.
8. Silva C, Isenberg DA. Etiology and pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Hospt Pharm 2001;7:1-7.
9. AJG Swaak, HG Van Den Brink. RJT Smeenk, et al. Systemic lupus
erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10
years, first evaluation. Rheumatology 1999;38:953-958.

59

10. Zvezdanovic L, Dordevic V, Cosic V, et al. The significance of cytokines in
diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Jugoslov Med Biohem 2006;25:363-372.
11. Eisenberg H. SLE-Rituximab in lupus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003; 5(4): 157–159.
12. Mok CC, Lau CS. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Pathol
2003;56:481-490.
13. Sequeira JF, Keser G, Greenstein B, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: sex
hormones in male patients. Lupus 1993;2:315–17.
14. McMurry RW, May W (2003) Sex hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2100-10.

15. Kanda N, Tamaki K. Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:282–8.
16. Kanda N, Tsuchida T, Tamaki K. Estrogen enhancement of anti-double-stranded
DNA antibody and immunoglobulin G production in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis
Rheum 1999;42:328–37.
17. Bertsias G, Cervera R, Boumpas DT. Systemic lupus erythematosus:
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Eular 2012;20:476-505.
18. Sahin A. Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. EAJM 2009;41:180-185.
19. Zandmann-Goddard G, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin
therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005
Dec;29(3):219-28.
20. Freire EAM, Souto LM, Chiconelli RM. Assesments Measures in Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. Rev Bras Reumatol 2011;51(1):70-80.
21. Dafna Gladman, Ellen Ginzler, Charles Goldsmith, et al. The development and
initial

validation


of

the

systemic

lupus

international

collaborating

clinics/American college of rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus
erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:363-369.

60

22. Rekha Lopez, Julie ED, Matthew DB, et al. Lupus disease activity and the risk of
subsequent organ damage and mortality in a large lupus cohort. Rheumatology
2012;51:491_498.

23. Friska Jifanti, Alwi Mappiasse. Studi Retrospektif Lupus Eritematosus di
Subdivisi Alergi Imunologi Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP dr.
Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Periode 2005-2010. PharmaMedika 2010;2:2.
24. C Gordon. Long-term complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Rheumatology 2002;41:1095–1100.
25. George Bertsias, Ricard Cervera, Dimitrios T Boumpas.

Systemic Lupus

Erythematosus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features in EULAR Textbook on
Rheumatic Diseases page 484.
26. Zahra Sayed, et al. Evaluation of Damage Index and Its Association With Risk
Factors In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JRMS 2011;16: 427432.

61

Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance

62


63

Lampiran 3. Spreedsheet data
Data identitas pasien LES
Jenis
Kelamin

Usia
(tahun)

RT.01 RW.02 Karang Turi - Guntur - Demak

P

30

C407771

RT.04 RW.01 Krajan - Tanggungharjo - Grobogan


P

36

3

C279140

RT.03 RW.01 Bumirejo - Karangawen -Demak

P

25

4

C250542

RT.09 RW.07 Cilosari Dalam - Semarang Timur - Semarang


P

43

5

C440322

RT.12 RW.03 Kanguru Utara - Gayamsari - Semarang

P

20

6

C448422

RT.05 RW.10 Garuda - Taman - Pemalang


P

25

7

C419540

RT.02 RW.03 Jolosekti - Tulis - Batang

P

27

8

C422190

RT.14 RW.03 Hayam Wuruk - Mangun Harjo - Madiun


P

11

9

C424321

RT.03 RW.02 Bodeh - Tegowanu - Grobogan

P

20

10

C413041

RT.07 RW.01 Dopang - Pucak Wangi - Pati


P

27

11

C347571

RT.04 RW.02 Pusponjolo Dalem X- Semarang Barat - Semarang

P

22

12

C124761

RT.04 RW.03 Rowosari - Limpung - Batang


P

36

13

C412047

RT.02 RW.03 Kedunggong - Sukolilo - Pati

P

26

14

C429778

RT.03 RW.07 Bondo - Bangsiri - Jepara

P

30

15

C454278

RT.01 RW.08 Cijeruk - Sragi - Pekalongan

P

23

16

C339328

RT.06 RW.01 Gebugan - Bergas - Semarang

P

35

17

C177418

RT.03 RW.05 Tandang - Tembalang - Semarang

P

23

18

C190848

Tambak Rejo - Gayamsari - Semarang

P

25

19

C417628

RT.04 RW.01 Bacem - Banjarejo - Blora

P

30

20

C421411

RT.01 RW.01 Jagung Kidul - Kesesi - Pekalongan

P

22

21

C410471

RT.19 RW.04 Kaladawa -Talang - Tegal

P

29

22

C392700

P

57

23

C449648

P

31

24

C409805

RT.02 RW.02 Rawoh - Karang Rayung - Grobogan
RT.01 RW.08 Lamper Tengah Raya - Semarang Tengah Semarang
RT.04 RW.14 Perumdis - Sidomukti - Salatiga

P

26

25

C419749

RT.01 RW.03 Karang - Juwana - Pati

P

12

26

C451619

RT.02 RW.05 Krasak - Bonang - Demak

P

36

27

C418193

RT.02 RW.09 Ngluwuk - Cluwak - Pati

P

37

28

C364933

RT.05 RW.03 Karangasem -Wirosari - Grobogan

P

46

29

C235394

RT.11 RW.03 Kauman I - Mranggen - Demak

P

34

30

C434352

RT.05 RW.04 Pakujan - Paguyangan - Brebes

P

29

31

C319339

RT.08 RW.19 Ratu Ratih - Pedurungan - Semarang

P

22

32

C421524

RT.02 RW.02 Raji - Kota Demak - Demak

P

15

33

B145494

RT.03 RW.01 Gedong Songo Timur - Semarang Barat - Semarang

P

37

No.

No.CM

1

C444418

2

Alamat

64

34

C359545

RT.02 RW.04 Tlogomulyo - Pedurungan - Semarang

L

23

35

C143677

RT.02 RW.02 Kauman - Juwana - Pati

P

23

36

C414898

Semarang

P

39

37

C430801

RT.12 RW.03 Tandang - Candisari - Semarang

P

30

38

C405223

RT.03 RW.05 Jrebeng - Beringin - Salatiga

P

20

39

C381709

RT.03 RW.02 Tenggerdesa - Sale - Rembang

P

16

40

C302939

RT.06 RW.05 Simbang - Boja - Kendal

P

32

41

C239089

RT.02 RW.02 Pringapus - Pringapus - Semarang

P

14

42

C431986

RT.07 RW.02 Jambon - Todanan - Blora

P

20

43

C427934

RT.02 RW.01 Purwosari - Kudus Kota - Kudus

P

28

65

Data diagnostik pasien LES menurut kriteria ACR 1997
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

No. CM

Ruam
Malar

Ruam
Diskoid

Fotosensitifitas

C444418
C407771
C279140
C250542
C440322
C448422
C419540
C422190
C424321
C413041
C347571
C124761
C412047
C429778
C454278
C339328
C177418
C190848
C417628
C421411
C410471
C392700
C449648
C409805
C419749
C451619
C418193
C364933
C235394
C434352
C319339
C421524
B145494
C359545
C143677
C414898
C430801
C405223
C381709
C302939

Ulkus
Mulut
1

1
1
1
1
1

1

1

Pleuritis
1
1

Perikarditis
1

1
1
1

1
1

Serositis

Artritis

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1

1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1

1

1
1

1

1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1

1
1

1

1

1

1

1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1

66

41
42

C239089
C431986

1

1

43

C427934

1

1

1

Gangguan Imunologi

No.
Anti-DNA +
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

1

Anti-Sm +

Antibodi Antifosfolipid +

1
ANA
+
1

1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Jumlah
4
4
5
4
7
5
8
4
9
6
4
4
6
5
5
5
4
7
8
5
10
4
5
7
8
6
7
5
6
5
4
4
5
11
5
10
7
4
9

1

67

40
41
42

1

7
5
7

1
1

43

5

Data aktifitas penyakit pasien LES menurut MEX-SLEDAI di RSUP dr. Kariadi
Semarang

No.

No. CM

1

C444418

2
3

C407771
C279140

4

C250542

5

C440322

6

C448422

7

C419540

8

C422190

Gangguan
Neurologis
(8)

Gangguan
Ginjal (6)

Vaskulitis (4)

Hemolisis
(3)

Miositis
(3)

Artritis
(2)

2
6
2
6

2

9

C424321

10

C413041

8

3

11

C347571

12

C124761

3

13

C412047

3

14

C429778

3

15

C454278

16

C339328

17

C177418

18

C190848

3

19

C417628

3

20

C421411

21

C410471

22

C392700

23

C449648

24

C409805

25

C419749

26

C451619

27

C418193

2

68

28

C364933

29

C235394

30

C434352

31

C319339

32

C421524

33

B145494

3

34

C359545

3

2

35

C143677

36

C414898

3

2

37

C430801

38

C405223

3

2

39

C381709

40

C302939

41

C239089

42

C431986

43

C427934

6

8

4

3

No.

Gangguan
Muskulokutaneus (2)

1

2

2

Serositis (2)

2

3

2

4

2

Demam /
Fatigue (1)

1

1

5
6

1

7

2

8

2

1

9

Leukopenia
/
Limfopenia
(1)

Jumlah

Kategori

2

Sedang

5

Sedang

8

Berat

5

Sedang

6

Berat

1

Ringan

4

Sedang

3

Sedang

11

Berat

10

1

1

Ringan

11

1

1

Ringan

3

Sedang

4

Sedang

3

Sedang

12
13

1

14
15

2

3

Sedang

16

2

1

2

Sedang

17

2

2

Sedang

69

18

2

1

6

Berat

19

2

1

6

Berat

20

2

2

Sedang

21

2

2

Sedang

22

2

6

Berat

2

Sedang

23

1

1

2

24

2

1

3

Sedang

25

2

1

3

Sedang

26

2

1

3

Sedang

27

1

1

Ringan

28

1

1

Ringan

29

6

Berat

30

0

Ringan

31

0

Ringan

32

12

Berat

3

Sedang

8

Berat

0

Ringan

10

Berat

2

Sedang

1

6

Berat

1

3

Sedang

2

Sedang

33
34

2

1

35
36

2

37

2

2

1

38
39

2

40

2

41

1

42

2

43

1

Ringan

2

Sedang

3

Sedang

Data kerusakan organ pasien LES berdasarkan SLICC/ACR Damage Index di RSUP
dr. Kariadi Semarang

No.

No. CM

1

C444418

2

C407771

Okular
Atrofi
n.
Katarak
Opticus

Neuropsikiatri
Gangguan
Kognitif

Kejang

Trauma
Pembuluh
Darah Otak

Neuropati

Myelitis
Transversa

70

3

C279140

4

C250542

5

C440322

6

C448422

7

C419540

8

C422190

9

C424321

10

C413041

11

C347571

12

C124761

13

C412047

14

C429778

15

C454278

16

C339328

17

C177418

18

C190848

19

C417628

20

C421411

21

C410471

22

C392700

23

C449648

24

C409805

25

C419749

26

C451619

27

C418193

28

C364933

29

C235394

30

C434352

31

C319339

32

C421524

33

B145494

34

C359545

35

C143677

36

C414898

37

C430801

38

C405223

39

C381709

40

C302939

1

1

1

1

71

41

C239089

42

C431986

43

C427934

Ginjal
No.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

LFG >
50%

Proteninuria

Paru
Gagal Ginjal
Stadium
Terminal

Hipertensi
Pulmonal

Fibrosis
Pilmonal

Shrinking
Lung

Infark
Pulmonal

72

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

Gastrointestinal
No
.

Infark

Insufisiensi
Mesenterika

Periton
itis
Kronik

Striktur
Esofagus

Atrofi
/Kelema
han
Otot

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

1

Muskuloskeletal
Deformi Osteopo Nekro
tas /
rosis
sis
Artritis
dengan
Avas
Erosif
Fraktur
kular

Osteo
mielit
is

73

19

1

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

1

30
31
32

1

33
34

1

35
36

1

37
38

1

39
40
41
42
43

No.
Alopenia

Kulit
Jaringan
Parut
Luas

Ulkus

Premature
Gonadal
Failure

Kerusakan
Organ
Diabetes

Keganasan

Jumlah
Ya

1

0

Tidak
1

2

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

4

0

1

5

0

1

6

0

1

7

1

1

2

1

74

8

0

9

2

10

0

1

11

0

1

12

0

1

13

0

1

14

0

1

15

0

1

16

0

1

17

0

1

18
19

1
1

1
1

1

1

3

1

20

0

1

21

0

1

22

0

1

23

0

1

24

1

25

0

26

1

27

0

1

28

0

1

29

1

2

1
1
1

1

30

0

1

31

0

1

32

2

33

0

34

1

35

0

36

2

37

0

38

1

39

0

1

40

0

1

41

0

1

42

0

1

43

0

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

75

Lampiran 4. Output analisis program statistik

Explore

Usia

Descriptives
Usia

Kerusakan Organ
Ya

Tidak

Mean
95% Conf idence
Interv al f or Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
St d. Dev iation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquart ile Range
Skewness
Kurt osis
Mean
95% Conf idence
Interv al f or Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
St d. Dev iation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquart ile Range
Skewness
Kurt osis

Lower Bound
Upper Bound

Lower Bound
Upper Bound

St at ist ic
27,38
23,01

St d. Error
2,008

31,76
27,43
26,00
52,423
7,240
15
39
24
14
,087
-,862
27,87
24,12

,616
1,191
1,830

31,61
27,37
27,50
100,464
10,023
11
57
46
11
,794
1,355

,427
,833

76

Tests of Normality
a

Usia

Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak

Kolmogorov -Smirnov
St at ist ic
df
Sig.
,137
13
,200*
,116
30
,200*

St at ist ic
,960
,956

*. This is a lower bound of the true signif icance.
a. Lillief ors Signif icance Correction

60
22

50

40

Usia

30

20

10
Ya

Tidak

Kerusakan Organ

Shapiro-Wilk
df
13
30

Sig.
,753
,238

77

T-Test

Group Statisti cs

Usia

Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak

N
13
30

Mean
27,38
27,87

St d. Dev iation
7,240
10,023

St d. Error
Mean
2,008
1,830

Independent Samples Test

Lev ene's Test f or
Equality of Variances
t-t est f or Equality of
Means

Usia
Equal v ariances
Equal v ariances
assumed
not assumed
,676
,416
-,156
-,177
41
31,280
,877
,860

F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Dif f erence
St d. Error Dif f erence
95% Conf idence Interv al
of the Dif f erence

Lower
Upper

-,482

-,482

3,087

2,717

-6,715
5,751

-6,021
5,057

78

Crosstabs

Aktifi tas Penyaki t * Kerusakan Organ Crosstabulation

Aktif itas
Peny akit

Berat

Sedang

Ringan

Total

Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak
9
2
3,3
7,7

Count
Expected Count
% wit hin
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% wit hin
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% wit hin
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% wit hin
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total

Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by -Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases

16,396

11
11,0

69,2%

6,7%

25,6%

20,9%
4
7,0

4,7%
19
16,0

25,6%
23
23,0

30,8%

63,3%

53,5%

9,3%
0
2,7

44,2%
9
6,3

53,5%
9
9,0

,0%

30,0%

20,9%

,0%
13
13,0

20,9%
30
30,0

20,9%
43
43,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

30,2%

69,8%

100,0%

Chi-Square Tests
Value
19,576a
21,018

Total

2
2

Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
,000
,000

1

,000

df

43

a. 2 cells (33,3%) hav e expected count less t han 5. The
minimum expected count is 2,72.

79

NPar Tests

Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Frequencies
Kerusakan Organ
Aktif itas Peny akit Ya
Tidak
Total

N
13
30
43

Test Statisticsa

Most Ext reme
Dif f erences

Absolute
Positiv e
Negativ e

Kolmogorov -Smirnov Z
Asy mp. Sig. (2-tailed)
a. Grouping Variable: Kerusakan Organ

Akt if itas
Peny akit
,626
,000
-,626
1,884
,002

80

Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi penelitian

81

Lampiran 6. Biodata mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama

: Dinda Welltsazia Rindhi

NIM

: 22010110120110

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Balikpapan,13 November 1992
Jenis kelamin

: Perempuan

Alamat

: Jalan Galang Sewu Raya no. 1A Tembalang

Nomor HP

: 085246061399

e-mail

: welltsazia@gmail.com

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD

: SDIT Istiqamah Balikpapan

Lulus tahun: 2004

2. SMP

: SMPIT Istiqamah Balikpapan

Lulus tahun: 2007

3. SMA

: SMAN 1 Balikpapan

Lulus tahun: 2010

4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2010