S SEJ 1000906 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .............................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... viii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 8
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 9
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 10
1.5 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 10
1.6 Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ............................................................................ 12
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORITIS ........................ 14
2.1 Nasionalisme .................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Pergerakan Nasional ....................................................................................... 19
2.3 Desentralisasi ................................................................................................. 22
2.4 Dewan Rakyat (Volksraad) Sebagai Parlemen pada Masa
Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda ........................................................................ 26
2.5 Sikap Politik Kooperatif Mohammad Husni Thamrin ................................... 30
2.6 Teori Demokrasi Perwakilan .......................................................................... 33
2.7 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................................... 35
2.7.1 Penelitian dalam Bentuk Skripsi dan Disertasi ........................................... 35
2.7.2 Penelitian dalam Bentuk Artikel ................................................................. 39
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 42
3.1 Persiapan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 47
3.1.1 Penentuan dan Pengajuan Tema Penelitian ................................................ 47
3.1.2 Penyusunan Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................. 48
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.1.3 Proses Bimbingan ....................................................................................... 50
3.2 Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................................................................. 50
3.2.1 Pengumpulan Sumber (Heuristik) ................................................................ 51
3.2.2 Kritik Sumber ............................................................................................... 54
3.2.2.1 Kritik Eksternal ......................................................................................... 55
3.2.2.2 Kritik Internal .......................................................................................... 55
3.2.3 Penafsiran Sumber (Interpretasi).................................................................. 58
3.2.4 Historiografi ................................................................................................ 59
3.3 Laporan Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 60
BAB IV PERANAN MOHAMMAD HUSNI THAMRIN
DALAM GEMEENTERAAD DAN VOLKSRAAD PADA
MASA PERGERAKAN NASIONAL TAHUN 1919-1941 .............. 62
4.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................. 62
4.1.1 Latar Belakang Keluarga Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................... 62
4.1.2 Latar Belakang Pendidikan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................ 66
4.1.3 Latar Belakang Karir Mohammad Husni .................................................... 69
4.1.4 Latar Belakang Ide-Ide Sosial dan Politik Mohammad Husni Thamrin .... ..70
4.2. Peranan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Dewan Kota
(Gemeenteraad) Batavia ................................................................................ 72
4.2.1 Perbaikan Kampung-Kampung di Batavia................................................... 75
4.2.2 Menduduki Beberapa Jabatan Penting dalam Dewan Kota
(Gemeenteraad)............................................................................................ 82
4.3. Peranan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Dewan Rakyat (Volksraad) .. ...85
4.3.1 Pembentukan Fraksi Nasional ...................................................................... 89
4.3.2 Sikap Mohammad Husni Thamrin Terhadap Poenale Sanctie .................... 94
4.3.3 Sikap Mohammad Husni Thamrin Terhadap Ordonansi Sekolah Liar ....... 96
4.3.5 Gagasan Mohammad Husni Thamrin Tentang Perekonomian Rakyat
di Tengah Krisis Ekonomi ........................................................................... 99
4.4.5 Berbagai Pemikiran dan Gagasan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ................ 101
4.4. Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad dan Volksraad ................................ 105
4.4.1 Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad ....................................................... 105
4.4.2 Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Husni Thamrin dalam Volksraad ............................................................... 108
4.5. Dampak Perjuangan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad
dan Volksraad Terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Nasional ................... 116
4.5.1 Pembelaan Terhadap Kasus Penangkapan Tokoh-Tokoh Pergerakan
Non Kooperatif........................................................................................... 116
4.5.2 Mengambil Alih Pergerakan Nasional ....................................................... 121
4.5.3 Penyatuan Langkah di antara Kaum Pergerakan ....................................... 123
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 131
5.1 Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 131
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 133
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 134
LAMPIRAN
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
4.1.Thamrin Mohammad Thabri .......................................................................... 63
4.2.Mohammad Husni Thamrin Kecil ................................................................. 65
4.3.Mohammad Husni Thamrin menjadi anggota Volksraad .............................. 88
4.4.Anggota Fraksi Nasional di Volksraad .......................................................... 91
4.5.Hukuman Cambuk Terhadap Seorang Kuli Kontrak ..................................... 95
4.6.Sekretariat dan Delegasi GAPI .................................................................... 127
4.7.Suasana Rapat Umum Menuntut Indonesia Berparlemen ............................ 129
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .............................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... viii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 8
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 9
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 10
1.5 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 10
1.6 Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ............................................................................ 12
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORITIS ........................ 14
2.1 Nasionalisme .................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Pergerakan Nasional ....................................................................................... 19
2.3 Desentralisasi ................................................................................................. 22
2.4 Dewan Rakyat (Volksraad) Sebagai Parlemen pada Masa
Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda ........................................................................ 26
2.5 Sikap Politik Kooperatif Mohammad Husni Thamrin ................................... 30
2.6 Teori Demokrasi Perwakilan .......................................................................... 33
2.7 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................................... 35
2.7.1 Penelitian dalam Bentuk Skripsi dan Disertasi ........................................... 35
2.7.2 Penelitian dalam Bentuk Artikel ................................................................. 39
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 42
3.1 Persiapan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 47
3.1.1 Penentuan dan Pengajuan Tema Penelitian ................................................ 47
3.1.2 Penyusunan Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................. 48
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.1.3 Proses Bimbingan ....................................................................................... 50
3.2 Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................................................................. 50
3.2.1 Pengumpulan Sumber (Heuristik) ................................................................ 51
3.2.2 Kritik Sumber ............................................................................................... 54
3.2.2.1 Kritik Eksternal ......................................................................................... 55
3.2.2.2 Kritik Internal .......................................................................................... 55
3.2.3 Penafsiran Sumber (Interpretasi).................................................................. 58
3.2.4 Historiografi ................................................................................................ 59
3.3 Laporan Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 60
BAB IV PERANAN MOHAMMAD HUSNI THAMRIN
DALAM GEMEENTERAAD DAN VOLKSRAAD PADA
MASA PERGERAKAN NASIONAL TAHUN 1919-1941 .............. 62
4.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................. 62
4.1.1 Latar Belakang Keluarga Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................... 62
4.1.2 Latar Belakang Pendidikan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ............................ 66
4.1.3 Latar Belakang Karir Mohammad Husni .................................................... 69
4.1.4 Latar Belakang Ide-Ide Sosial dan Politik Mohammad Husni Thamrin .... ..70
4.2. Peranan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Dewan Kota
(Gemeenteraad) Batavia ................................................................................ 72
4.2.1 Perbaikan Kampung-Kampung di Batavia................................................... 75
4.2.2 Menduduki Beberapa Jabatan Penting dalam Dewan Kota
(Gemeenteraad)............................................................................................ 82
4.3. Peranan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Dewan Rakyat (Volksraad) .. ...85
4.3.1 Pembentukan Fraksi Nasional ...................................................................... 89
4.3.2 Sikap Mohammad Husni Thamrin Terhadap Poenale Sanctie .................... 94
4.3.3 Sikap Mohammad Husni Thamrin Terhadap Ordonansi Sekolah Liar ....... 96
4.3.5 Gagasan Mohammad Husni Thamrin Tentang Perekonomian Rakyat
di Tengah Krisis Ekonomi ........................................................................... 99
4.4.5 Berbagai Pemikiran dan Gagasan Mohammad Husni Thamrin ................ 101
4.4. Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad dan Volksraad ................................ 105
4.4.1 Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad ....................................................... 105
4.4.2 Reaksi Pemerintah Hindia Belanda Terhadap Perjuangan Mohammad
Husni Thamrin dalam Volksraad ............................................................... 108
4.5. Dampak Perjuangan Mohammad Husni Thamrin dalam Gemeenteraad
dan Volksraad Terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Nasional ................... 116
4.5.1 Pembelaan Terhadap Kasus Penangkapan Tokoh-Tokoh Pergerakan
Non Kooperatif........................................................................................... 116
4.5.2 Mengambil Alih Pergerakan Nasional ....................................................... 121
4.5.3 Penyatuan Langkah di antara Kaum Pergerakan ....................................... 123
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 131
5.1 Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 131
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 133
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 134
LAMPIRAN
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
4.1.Thamrin Mohammad Thabri .......................................................................... 63
4.2.Mohammad Husni Thamrin Kecil ................................................................. 65
4.3.Mohammad Husni Thamrin menjadi anggota Volksraad .............................. 88
4.4.Anggota Fraksi Nasional di Volksraad .......................................................... 91
4.5.Hukuman Cambuk Terhadap Seorang Kuli Kontrak ..................................... 95
4.6.Sekretariat dan Delegasi GAPI .................................................................... 127
4.7.Suasana Rapat Umum Menuntut Indonesia Berparlemen ............................ 129
Meyrasari Dewi, 2015
DARI GEMEENTERAAD SAMPAI VOLKSRAAD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu