The change of perceptions on some aspects of life resulted from the conflicts seen in Tamara Goodwin in Ahern`s the book of tomorrow : a study of personality development - USD Repository
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S STUDY P F ENGLISH Y OF LETTE RMA UNIV YAKARTA
2011
ME RS OF LIFE OODWIN N
ments
PMENT
VERSITY SPECTS O MARA G ROW:
PROGRAMM H LETTER ERS
4059
Sastra
he Requirem
IN A ST GE OF PE ROM THE N AHERN TUDY OF AN
THE RESU E CHANG LTED FR
SOME AS EN IN TAM
ICTS SEE
mber: 07421
By
fillment of th e of Sarjana lish Letters.
BOOK OF NALITY D RADUATE
H LETTERS TMENT OF FACULTY ATA DHAR YOGY ONS ON S
Student Num
MUST
s Partial Fulf or the Degree in Engl
ENGLISH DEPAR SAN RCEPTIO E CONFLI N’S THE B F PERSON UNDERGR
Presented as fo
TOMORR DEVELOP THESIS
TIKA SARI
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S STUDY P F ENGLISH Y OF LETTE RMA UNIV YAKARTA
2011
ME RS OF LIFE OODWIN N
ments
PMENT
VERSITY SPECTS O MARA G ROW:
PROGRAMM H LETTER ERS
4059
Sastra
he Requirem
IN A ST GE OF PE ROM THE N AHERN TUDY OF AN
THE RESU E CHANG LTED FR
SOME AS EN IN TAM
ICTS SEE
mber: 07421
By
fillment of th e of Sarjana lish Letters.
BOOK OF NALITY D RADUATE
H LETTERS TMENT OF FACULTY ATA DHAR YOGY ONS ON S
Student Num
MUST
s Partial Fulf or the Degree in Engl
ENGLISH DEPAR SAN RCEPTIO E CONFLI N’S THE B F PERSON UNDERGR
Presented as fo
TOMORR DEVELOP THESIS
TIKA SARI
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, a lack of knowledge, but rather than a lack of will
(Vince Lombardi) Everything you need to see can be seen by your heart. Nothing worth seeing is just seen by your eyes.
(Rene Suhardono)
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A Dedication for MyDearest Lord and my Beloved Family
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama : Mustika Sari
NomorMahasiswa : 07 4214 059 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul
The Change of Perceptions on Some Aspects of Life Resulted from the Conflicts Seen in
Tamara Goodwin in Aherns’ The Book of Tomorrow: A Study of Personality
Development.Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bilaada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data mendistribusikan secara terbatas dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya Dibuat di Yogyakarta Padatanggal : 22 Juli 2011 Yang menyatakan.
(Mustika Sari)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank my dearest God, Jesus Christ. I realize without His mercy and wisdom, it is impossible for me to finish this thesis. My special gratitude is addressed to my beloved family, especially my father Sindhu Prasetyo, my mother Ruth Kusnandar, my sister Ratna Sari, my brother Budi Prasetyo and Santos Sugiarto: my inspirational motivators. I thank them for their great sacrifice and their patience in support me.
My great gratefulness is addressed to Drs. Hirmawan Wijarnaka, M.Hum. as my advisor. I thank for his patience, guidance, correction, and suggestions in helping me to complete this thesis. I would like to thank my co-advisor, Tatang Iskarna,S.S.,M.Hum., for his corrections, checking and discussion.
My deepest thank is also addressed to Grace, Maria, Tata, Yenni, Tina, Cicil and Karin for the support, tips, prays, friendship and everything.
I would like to thank all lecturers of English Letters Sanata Dharma University and to the secretariat staff of English Letters. I do appreciate their hard works in order to educate and guide me for these four years.
Last but not least, I would like to thank ICS, Ladies of Lords, and Warrior Prayers for becoming friends of mine while I settle in Yogyakarta. I also thank everyone who is not mentioned here for everything they have given me.
Mustika Sari
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………………... i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………………………………. iiACCEPTANCE PAGE………………………………………………………………… iii
MOTTO PAGE ………………………………………………………………………… iv DEDICATION PAGE …………………………………………………………………. vLEMBAR PERNYATAAN PENGESAHAN............................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………… vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………... viii
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………. xABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………………….... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………... 1
A. Background of the Study …………………………………………………….1 B. Problem Formulations ………………………………………………………... 3
C. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………
3 D. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………….. 3
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW…………………………………………. 5
A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………………………..5 B. Review of Related Theories …………………………………………………. 7
C. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………
12 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………….
13 A. Object of the Study ………………………………………………………….
13 B. Approach of the Study ………………………………………………………
15 C. Method of the Study …………………………………………………………
15 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………….
17 A. Tamara Goodwin’s Conflicts ………………………………………………... 17
1.Conflict between Tamara’s Wish to Dedicate and Tamara’s Regret towardHer Father Death …………………………………………….
18
2. Conflict between Tamara’s Expectation and Tamara’s Reality ……… 20
3. Conflict between Tamara’s Perception about Future and Her Lack of Capability to Make Decision about Her Future…………………… 23 4. Conflict between Tamara and Her Friends…………………………...
24 B. Tamara Goodwin’s Perceptions before the Conflicts………………………..
25
1. Tamara’s Perception about Her Father ………………………………
26 2. Tamara’s Perception about Richness ………………………………...
28 3. Tamara’s Perception about the Future ……………………………….
29 4. Tamara’s Perception about Friends ………………………………….
30 C. The Influence of Conflicts on the Development of Tamara Goodwin’s Perceptions ………………………………………………………………….
31 1. Tamara’s New Perceptions about Her Father ……………………….
32
2. Tamara’s New Perceptions about Richness …………………………
34 3. Tamara’s New Perception about Her Own Future ………………….
36 4. Tamara’s New Perceptions about Friends…………………………...
37 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………..
40
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42 APPENDIX (Summary of The Book of Tomorrow)………………………………… 44
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ABSTRACT
Mustika Sari. The Change of Perceptions on Some Aspects of Life Resulted from the
Conflicts Seen in Tamara Goodwin in Aherns’ The Book of Tomorrow: A Study of
Personality Development. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters,
Sanata Dharma University, 2011.
This thesis studies one of Cecelia Ahern’s novels entitled The Book of Tomorrow. The story tells about Tamara Goodwin who experiences personality development through her change in perceptions resulted from the conflicts. This study discusses Tamara’s conflicts and Tamara’s perceptions before and after the conflicts.
There are three objectives in this study. The first is to describe Tamara Goodwin’s conflicts. The second is to examine Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions in the beginning of the story. The third is to discuss how the conflicts influence the change of Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions.
To answer the questions the writer uses the novel as the primary source, while the secondary sources are books on literature and books of psychology. The writer uses library research method. The writer uses psychological approach as the approach to the thesis because the study focuses in the personality development.
The results of the analysis show that Tamara Goodwin’s personality changes. The changes are caused by the conflict. Before the conflicts happen, Tamara is a spoiled and rebellious girl. She often argues and fights against her father who tries to give her best. After her father’s death, she has to confront many challenges. However, when she faces conflicts, she learns many things. It renews her perceptions toward everything. She changes from bad one to be better one. It can be concluded that Tamara’s conflicts influence her personality development.
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ABSTRACTS
Mustika Sari. The Change of Perceptions on Some Aspects of Life Resulted from the
Conflicts Seen in Tamara Goodwin in Aherns’ The Book of Tomorrow: A Study of
Personality Development. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas
Sanata Dharma, 2011.
Skripsi ini mempelajari salah satu novel Cecelia Ahern yang berjudul, The Book of
Tomorrow. Novel ini menceritakan tentang Tamara Goodwin yang mengalami perubahan
kepribadian melalui perubahan persepsi sebagai akibat dari konflik yang dialaminya. Skripsi ini membahas konflik Tamara dan persepsinya sebelum dan sesudah konflik terjadi.
Ada tiga tujuan dari skripsi ini. Yang pertama untuk menggambarkan tentang konflik Tamara. Yang kedua untuk meneliti persepsi Tamara Goodwin di awal cerita. Yang ketiga untuk membahas bagaimana konflik tersebut dapat mempengaruhi perubahan persepsi pada Tamara.
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, penulis menggunakan novel sebagai sumber utama, sedangkan sumber penunjang adalah buku-buku sastra dan buku-buku psikologi. Penulis menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologi karena penelitian ini berfokus pada perkembangan kepribadian.
Hasil dari analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa Tamara Goodwin berubah. Perubahan disebabkan karena konflik. Sebelum terjadi konflik, Tamara adalah seseorang yang manja dan pemberontak. Dia sering beradumulut dan bertengkar dengan ayahnya yang mencoba memberikannya yang terbaik. Namun setelah kematian ayahnya, dia harus menghadapi banyak tantangan. Tapi bagaimanapun juga ketika ia menghadapi konflik, dia juga belajar banyak hal. Hal ini memperbaharui persepsinya tentang segala sesuatu. Dia berubah dari seseorang yang buruk menjadi seseorang yang lebih baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konflik Tamara dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan kepribadiannya.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study There are many kinds of literary works such as play, poem, and prose. However, novel as one kinds of prose is recognized as the major literary form of
the modern world. It is because everybody can enjoy and learn something from it easily. M.H. Abrams says the definition of novel in A Glossary of Literary Terms as quoted in the following:
Its magnitude permits a greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot, ampler development of milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more concentrated modes (1993: 130).
These average qualities make the novel become observable reading to study deeper. This study tries to find the influence of the conflicts to someone’s personality development seen through the change of his or her perceptions towards something. It is an interesting topic to analyze since people often see conflicts as problems to avoid. Conflicts are related with stress and oppression. Many people do not realize the importance of conflict roles to their personality development. When they are able to solve conflicts well, their personality develops. Richard A. Kasschau in Understanding Psychology states that:
Conflict is an inevitable and unavoidable part of life. Conflict can be a source of much stress. Stress is a normal even essential part of life that goes hand in hand with working toward any goal or facing any challenge (1993: 318).
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Everybody surely confronts with conflicts in his or her life. Conflicts can also raise the possibility of stress. However, somebody should be ready for the coming of stress when has a goal to achieve.
The Book of Tomorrow is a story about a spoiled Tamara Goodwin. She is
just sixteen years old and only child of her father. Tamara lives in luxury, as her father is a successful property developer. She lives in a six-bedroom house by the sea. She spends her summers in her villa in Marbella, Christmas in her Verbier chalet and Easter in the New York Ritz.
In the beginning of the story, Tamara is a spoiled and rebellious girl towards her parents. She even says that she is the worst possible daughter. When one day her father kills himself, leaving large debts, Tamara and her mother are bankrupt. Since Tamara and her mother do not have a house anymore, they move to her strange aunt and uncle’s house in the countryside. Tamara’s future suddenly seems bleak and grey. She is far away from home, friends, and her normal life.
The writer thinks that The Book of Tomorrow is worth studying since it shows the influence of conflicts toward someone’s character development. With all of those changes, Tamara should deal with herself and all people around her. Changes in social environment produce changes in Tamara’s perceptions about everything and, in turn her personality. Step by step Tamara developed to be a better girl who saw everything differently. Finally, Tamara was able to deal with all of her conflicts. She even got all things new, new friends, new family, and new perceptions.
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B. Problem Formulation
In order to guide the writer in the analysis, there are three questions to answer:
1. What are Tamara Goodwin’s conflicts?
2. What are Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions before the conflict?
3. How do the conflicts influence the change of Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions?
C. Objectives of the Study
The purpose of the study is to answer all of the problem formulations as detailed as possible. This thesis discusses, first is to find what Tamara Goodwin’s conflicts are. The second objective is the perceptions of Tamara Goodwin before the conflicts happened. The last objective is to explain how the conflicts influence the development of Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions.
D. Definition of Terms
The writer needs to give the definitions of some terms in order to avoid misinterpretation in the study. They are conflicts, personality development and perceptions.
The first term to define is conflict. An Introduction to Fiction states that every work of fiction contains obvious internal conflicts between two desires within a character, or external conflicts between characters or between a character and his environment (Stanton, 1965: 16).
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The second term is personality development. Hjelle in Personality
Theories. Basic Assumptions, Research and Application states that:
Most definitions emphasize the importance of viewing personality in terms of a life history, or developmental, perspective. Personality represents an evolving process subject to a variety of internal and external influences, including genetic and biological propensities, social experiences and changing environmental circumstances (1981: 7).
The third term is perception. Kasschau in Understanding Psychology states that perception is the process of the brain in receiving information from the senses and organizes and interprets it into meaningful experiences, unconsciously (1993: 120).
The last term is some aspects of life. Here, some aspects of life involve Tamara’s life relates with family, friends, richness and future.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW This chapter discusses three main parts. The first part is review of the
related studies. This part is to review other related studies previously done by other writers. The second part is review of the related theories. Here, the writer reviews theories of conflicts, theories of personality development, and theories of perceptions. The third part is theoretical framework. This is the part to explain the contribution of the theories in solving problems of the study.
A. Review of Related Studies.
The Book of Tomorrow by Cecelia Ahern is a new book that was published
in 2009. Although this book is still new, it will not decrease the values that Ahern wants to share with readers. Stephanie (2011) in www.poetrytoprose.com said that “The Book of Tomorrow was a very enchanting to read with the right amount of humor, mystery, magic, and a little bit of romance thrown in. It was a nice change of pace from my usual reads!”
Since this study discusses personality development, the writer considers discussing other studies on personality development. Marcellina Galuh Kristiyani (2004) in her undergraduate thesis entitled The Influence of Bad Treatment on
Edmund’s Personality Development as Seen in C.S Lewis’ the Chronicles of
Narnia, the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe studied a character named Edmund
who was treated badly by White Witch.
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Edmund was described as unpleasant and greedy. He was jealous of his own brother, Peter. He betrayed his siblings. Edmund turned over White Witch.
However, everything did not happen as he expected. He got bad treatment from White Witch. He finally realized his mistake and decided to back to his siblings.
By receiving bad treatment, he could develop his personality. He became more mature than before. Kristiyani’s undergraduate thesis emphasized the influence of bad treatment to someone could influence the development of someone’s personality.
Another study on personality development was conducted by Antonius Agung Prinhantara (1999) in his undergraduate thesis entitled The Influences of
Family and Environment toward Richard Wright’s Personality Development as
Seen in Richard Wright’s Black Boy . Prihantara studied the role of family and
environment in Richard’s personality development. Prinhantara studied the influence of family in the early childhood until youth. Richard changed from an obedient one to rebellious one, from dependent one to independent one. He concluded that family and environment could change someone’s personality development to be better or even worse.
In this thesis, the writer studied personality development which was influenced by the changes of perceptions resulted from conflicts in someone’s life.
It was different from those two studies above which emphasize family, environment and bad treatment as factors that influence someone’s personality development.
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B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theories of Conflicts
Conflict refers to a situation in which a person is motivated to engage in two or more mutually exclusive activities. Stanton in his book, An Introduction to
Fiction states that every work of fiction contains obvious internal conflicts
between two desires within a character, or external conflicts between characters or between a character and his environment (1965: 16).
Furthermore, Understanding Social Psychology states that conflict is a contradiction as result of incompatibility within individual or between two or more individuals (Worchel and Cooper, 1976: 460-463).
Regarding internal conflicts, Sills in International Encyclopedia of the
Social Sciences Volume 3 states that:
Inner conflict or quandary that emerges when incompatible or mutually exclusive values present themselves in the form of an actual or potential choice or decision. Thus, an individual finds himself unable to make a decision because he is being pushed or pulled in the opposite direction. The former involves a confrontation between incompatible values, whereas the latter is concerned with an incompatibility between that individual and another individual or group. Yet the inner conflict can be viewed also as a conflict between internal components of the individual: Her heart said Yes, but her common sense said No (Sills, 1972: 226).
Based on the understanding about conflicts, the writer can conclude that conflict emerges when people have to choose or decide two things confronting them. Inner conflict also happens in a person’s mind between yes or no. It happens when her heart says yes, her common sense says no.
Isenhart in his book, Collaborative Approaches to Resolving Conflict states that there are five ways in resolving conflict. The first way is avoiding. It
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happens when one party denies that there is a conflict, changes topic and avoids discussion. There is no chance of achieving the goals or the complexity of the situation prevents solutions. The second way is accommodation. It happens when one party sacrifices its interests and goals and lets the other party achieve their interests and goals.
The third way is compromising. It happens when an agreement for all parties to sacrifice their interests in order to gain the best solution for both parties.
The fourth way is competitive. It happens when strive one party’s interests at the expense of the interests of others. The fifth way is collaborative. It happens when emphatic communicative that seeks to satisfy the interests and concern of all parties (2000: 26).
2. Theories of Personality Development
Hjelle in Personality Theories. Basic Assumptions, Research and
Application states that:
Most definitions emphasize the importance of viewing personality in terms of a life history, or developmental, perspective. Personality represents an evolving process subject to a variety of internal and external influences, including genetic and biological propensities, social experiences and changing environmental circumstances (1981: 7).
Meanwhile, Hurlock in her book, Personality Development states that “change” means to alter or to vary. The personality pattern can change in some areas and remain persistent in others. Change is not synonymous with improvement. Change can be either for the better or for the worse (1974: 108).
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Hurlock also says that “it is a rare person who is so completely satisfied with his personality that he has no desire to change it. The desire to change the personality for the better and improve it” (1974: 119).
Furthermore, the characteristic of change in personality can be divided into three categories. The first category is the change of better versus worse. It reflects the kind of life adjustments the individual is making at the time. The second is the change on quantitative versus qualitative. Qualitative means complete replacement of a desirable trait by an undesirable one or vice versa. While quantitative means characteristics that already present are reinforced, strengthened, or weakened. The third is slow versus rapid changes. Changes are regarded as slow if they are barely perceptible while rapid changes are readily apparent to all (1974: 120-122).
Personality change is influenced by several conditions. The most important conditions that influence personality change are: a. Physical changes
Physical changes may come from maturation, illness, glandular disturbances, injuries or some other condition resulting from the person’s life pattern. The person changes his concept of self so that it agrees with the social concept of a person of his age and the social expectations associated with his age (Hurlock, 1974: 124).
b. Changes in environment Changes in environment may produce change in the person’s self concept and his characteristic behavior. Whether a changed environment will lead to an
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improvement of the personality pattern will be depend on the personality moves toward equilibrium with its environment (Hurlock, 1974: 125).
c. Changes in significant people When the significant people in an individual’s life change, and when he tries to adapt his pattern of behavior and his attitudes, belief, values, and aspirations to theirs, changes in his personality pattern are inevitable (Hurlock, 1974: 126).
d. Changes in social pressures.
Strong social pressures to conform to a socially approved personality pattern thus encourage changes in certain aspects of the personality (Hurlock, 1974: 126).
e. Changes in role Role changes effect the status changes within the group. Whether the changed role will have a favorable or unfavorable effect not always depend on what the new role and how well it fits the person’s need (Hurlock, 1974: 127).
f. Strong motivation When the motivation to improve the personality pattern is strong enough, changes can be effected (Hurlock, 1974: 127-128).
g. Changes in self-concept A change in the self concept will bring about a change in the entire personality pattern (Hurlock, 1974: 128).
Since the writer studies the novel by psychological approach, the writer uses personality development theories to support the analysis. Here, the writer
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also adds the definition of character development in order to give other explanation about personality development based on literary theory.
Foster in Aspect of the Novel states that Character development is the changing of the character from the beginning until the end of the story. A character is developed if she or he experiences a change in some aspects of disposition, personality or outlook. He is not the same person as he was at the beginning of the story. He changes into a new character. The changing depends on the condition and experiences as it is in the story (Foster, 1974: 54).
Therefore, character development happens when a character is developed by experience and condition in his or her life. It can make the character has new character that is different from him in the beginning of the story.
4. Theories of Perception
Kasschau in Understanding Psychology states that perception is the process of the brain in receiving information from the senses and organizes and interprets it into meaningful experiences, unconsciously (1993: 120). Furthermore, Kasschau in Understanding Psychology states that people saw something based on what they experienced in the past and their current expectation. Then, they invariably organize them into figure and ground (1995: 121). Perception can develop, as perceiving is something that they learn to do (1995: 123).
According to Ruch in his book Psychology and Life (1963: 307-313), there are four factors that influence people’s perception. First is past experience which is someone is prepared to see, hear, smell or feel some particular type of thing because preceding events have aroused certain processes of knowledge or
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motivation. Second is organic condition which is organic needs of someone influence his or her perception about something.
Third is personal needs and values which have relationship and his perception of the people and objects in his environment. Fourth is social factor which is many of our perceptions are directly or indirectly shaped by our social environment.
C. Theoretical Framework Some theories are involved to be the ground in analyzing the novel.
Theories of conflicts are used to help analyzing the conflicts that happen in the novel. The theories are taken both from psychological theory and literature theory.
These theories contributed a lot in answering the first problem formulation.
The theories of perceptions are needed to give better comprehension about the way of the character thinks about everything. These theories help the writer examine the main character, Tamara Goodwin.
Theory of personality development give better understanding about the changes that happen in the character being analyzed, Tamara Goodwin.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter consists of three main parts. The first part is Object of the Study. It describes the novel being studied: The Book of Tomorrow. The second
part is Approach of the Study. This part explains the approach used in analyzing the novel and the reasons why such approach is applied. The third part is Method of Study. This part explains the method, the approach, and the sources.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is Cecelia Ahern’s The Book of Tomorrow which was published by Harper in 2009. This novel consists of 320 pages and is divided into 26 chapters.
The Book of Tomorrow is a story about sixteen years, Tamara Goodwin
who lived in luxury at the beginning of the story. Because her father was a successful furniture developer, Tamara lived in a seven thousand square foot, six- bedroom contemporary mansion with a swimming pool and tennis court and a private beach in Killiney, County Dublin, Ireland. She was described as a spoiled and rebellious girl who had everything in her life. However, this condition did not stay longer. Her father, Mr. George Goodwin committed suicide and left her family with debts to be paid back by Tamara and her mother.
Tamara and her mother had to sell everything and move to their strange relatives in countryside. Afterwards, Tamara’s world totally changed. She was not
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a rich girl who had a luxurious house, cool friends and complete parents anymore.
She just fell in the middle of nowhere with her grieving mother and her freak aunt and uncle.
She became very fragile at that time, she was confused and sad. In addition, she felt guilty for her father’s death, since she thought that she was not an obedient and nice daughter for him. Tamara hated herself for everything she did in the past. Moreover, she got some troubles with her aunt who did not support Tamara’s mother to recover from grieving. Tamara just wanted to go out from her tragic condition. However, she did not know how to get out from that situation. This created internal conflicts with herself. She felt that everything was going to be fine. In other hand she felt depressed and incapable to solve her conflicts alone.
One day, by chance, Tamara got a magic diary. The magic diary could tell her about tomorrow. At the beginning, Tamara relied on it, and then Tamara realized that she could change her tomorrow. It was the time not to do what the diary told her to do.
The diary could not be a good supporter for her forever. She began to find something to do and tried to rise from her chaos. Tamara made new friends in her new environment. It brought much enlightenment to her in understanding life. She dared herself to struggle to overcome her problems and to face any risk.
Many old past secrets were revealed. She finally knew about her true father. In fact, Mr. George Goodwin was not her true father. These conflicts brought Tamara to her true father. The truth made Tamara’s mother recover from
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her grief. Finally, Tamara could get back her happy life, the understanding about what actually life is about.
B. Approach of the Study
The writer uses psychological approach in this thesis. It is because the writer studies about the change of perceptions resulted from conflicts towards one’s personality development. Psychological approach will tell the writer about why people think, act, and feel in order not to take false conclusion about the study. According to David Daiches in Critical Approaches to Literature (1981: 329),
Psychological approach is the investigation of the act of creation and the psychological study of particular authors to show the relation between their attitudes and states of mind and the special qualities of their work. In this study, the writer tries to explore how conflicts can be a good stimulant to influence a person’s perceptions. The changes of perceptions would influence someone’s personality development too. Therefore, this study could be done by the help of psychological point of view.
C. Method of the Study
This study applies library research in collecting data. The primary source of data is Cecelia Ahern’s, The Book of Tomorrow that was published by Harper, New York in 2009. The secondary sources are some books that concern both psychology and literature. Among others, are A Glossary of Literary Terms from M.H. Abram, An Introduction to Fiction by Stanton, Aspect of the Novel from
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E.M. Foster, Collaborative Approaches to Resolving Conflict by Isenhart,
Personality Development by Elisabeth Hurlock, Personality Theories. Basic
Assumptions, Research and Applications by Hjelle. Psychology and Life Seventh
Edition by Ruch, Understanding Social Psychology from S. Worchel and Cooper,
Understanding Psychology by Richard A. Kasschau , PH.D, International
Encyclopedia of the Social Science by David I. Sills, and Critical Approaches in
Literature from David Daiches.The writer did sixth steps to do the research. First, the writer read the novel to understand the story well. Second, the writer started to find references to support the topic of the study. Third, the writer examined the character under discussion. Fourth, the writer applied the theories of psychology to see the personality development of the character. Fifth, the writer analyzed the problem formulations to get the best answer of the study. Sixth, the writer draw conclusion of the study.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS This chapter answers the questions in the problem formulation and is
divided into three parts. The first part describes Tamara Goodwin’s conflicts. The second part examines Tamara Goodwin’s perceptions in the beginning of the story. The third part discusses the conflicts that influence the development of Tamara Goodwin’s characteristic.
A. Tamara Goodwin’s Conflicts
In this story Tamara Goodwin had four conflicts. The first conflict was conflict between Tamara’s regret. The second conflict was conflict between Tamara’s expectation and Tamara’s reality. The third was conflict between Tamara’s perception about future and her lack of capability to make decision. The fourth conflict was conflict between Tamara and her friends. These conflicts began when her father committed suicide and left debts to be paid by Tamara and her mother.
He was bankrupt; the bank had already put in the place the repossession of our home and all the other properties he owned, which left Mum to sell everything – everything – that we owned to pay back the debts. He didn’t come back to help us then either. So I knew then that he was gone. He was really gone. I figured if he was going to let us go through all of that on our own – let me blow air into his dead body, let Mum scratch at his coffin in front of everybody, and then watch us be stripped of everything we’d ever owned, I was pretty sure he was gone for good (p. 4).
Worchel and Cooper in Understanding Social Psychology states that conflict is a contradiction as the result of incompatibility within individual or
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between two or more individuals (1976: 460-463). Tamara had to face reality that had happened and her wishes that it had never happened. It started her regret feeling toward her father’s death, her adaptation in the new world, her future up to her feeling toward her old friends. The conflicts are discussed below.
1. Conflict between Tamara’s Wish to Dedicate and Tamara’s Regret toward
Her Father Death