Pengaruh Leaching Pada Produk Film Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Mikrokristal Selulosa Avicel Dengan Penambahan Penyerasi Alkanolamida
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1]
Wang, Z. F., Peng, Z., Li, S. D., Lin, H., Zhang, K. X., She, X. D., and Fu, X.
“The impact of esterification on the properties of starch/natural rubber
composite”. Composites Science and Technology, 69(11) : 1797-1803. 2009.
[2]
Yahaya, L. E., Adebowale, K. O., Mennon, A. R. R., and Olu-Owolabi, B. I.
“Natural Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites from Tea (Camelia Sinensis)
Seed Oil Derivative”. American Journal of Material Science 2(2) : 1-5. 2012.
[3]
Manroshan, S., and Baharin, A. “Effect of nanosized calcium carbonate on
the mechanical properties of latex films”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science
96(5) : 1550-1556. 2005.
[4]
Yahya, S. R., Hamdan, F. N., Rashid, A. A., and Azahari, B. “The Effect of
Pre-Vulcanization Temperature on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of
Starch Filled Natural Rubber Latex Compounds”. Advanced Materials
Research, 858, 184-189. 2014.
[5]
Ruangudomsakul, W., Ruksakulpiwat, C., & Ruksakulpiwat, Y. “The Study
of Using Bio-Filler from Cassava Pulp in Natural Rubber Composites”.
Advanced Materials Research, 747, 371-374. 2013.
[6]
Termal, A., Schaller, R., Moctil. M., and Kern, W. “Determination fo residual
vulcanization accelerations in Natural Rubber Film Using FTIR
Spectroscopy”. Journal of Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78 (1) : 28-41.
2005.
[7]
Baharin, A., Pun, M. Y., Ahmad, M. M. Y., and Nasir, Z. A. “Addition of
over cured latex to compounded uncompounded and prevulcanised HA
latex”. Natural Rubber Curing Development In Product Manufacture and
Applications : A report of proceeding of the International Rubber Technology
Conference, RRIM. 1993.
[8]
Egwaikhide, A. P., Akporhonor, E. E., and Okieimen, F. E. “The
Characterization of Carbonised Coconut Fibre as Fillers in Natural Rubber
Formulations”. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 3(1). 2008.
[9]
Hall, W. J., Zakaria, N., and Williams, P. T. “Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the
presence of Y-zeolite”. Waste management, 29(2) : 797-803. 2009.
[10]
Cai, H. H., Li, S. D., Tian, G. R., Wang, H. B., and Wang, J. H.
“Reinforcement of natural rubber latex film by ultrafine calcium carbonate”.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87(6) : 982-985. 2003.
59
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11]
Jia, Q. X., Wu, Y. P., Xu, Y. L., Mao, H. H., and Zhang, L. Q. “Combining
in‐situ organic modification of montmorillonite and the latex compounding
method to prepare high performance rubber montmorillonite nano
composites”. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 291(3) : 218-226.
2006.
[12]
Yahaya, L. E., Adebowale, K. O., and Menon, A. R. R. “Mechanical
properties of organomodified kaolin/natural rubber vulcanizates”. Applied
Clay Science, 46(3) : 283-288. 2009.
[13]
Prompunjai, A., and Sridach, W. “Preparation and some mechanical
properties of composite materials made from sawdust, cassava starch and
natural rubber latex”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology, 72 : 930-934. 2010.
[14]
Wu, Y. P., Ji, M. Q., Qi, Q., Wang, Y. Q., and Zhang, L. Q. “Preparation,
Structure, and Properties of Starch/Rubber Composites Prepared by
Co‐Coagulating Rubber Latex and Starch Paste”. Macromolecular rapid
communications, 25(4) : 565-570. 2004.
[15]
Bouthegourd, E., Rajisha, K. R., Kalarical, N., Saiter, J. M., and Thomas, S.
“Natural rubber latex/potato starch nanocrystal nanocomposites : Correlation
morphology/electrical properties”. Materials Letters, 65(23) : 3615-3617.
2011.
[16]
Da Costa, H.M., Nunes, R.C.R., Visconte, L.L.Y., and Furtado, C.R.G.
“Physical Properties and Swelling of Natural Rubber Compounds Containing
Rice Husk Ash”. Journal of Raw Materials and Applications : 242-249. 2001.
[17]
Agu, R. C., Amadife, A. E., Ude, C. M., Onyia, A., Ogu, E. O., Okafor, M.,
and Ezejiofor, E. “Combined heat treatment and acid hydrolysis of cassava
grate waste (CGW) biomass for ethanol production”. Waste management,
17(1) : 91-96. 1997.
[18]
Sivakumar, S., Senthilkumar, P., and Subburam, V. “Carbon from cassava
peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal
ions from aqueous solution”. Bioresource Technology, 80(3) : 233-235. 2001.
[19]
Akaranta, O., and Oku, G.E. “Some properties of cassava mesocarp
carbohydrates low density polyethylene blends”. Carbohydrate
Polymers, 39(1) : 89-91. 1999.
[20]
Keawkumay, C., Jarukumjorn, K., Wittayakun, J., and Suppakarn, N.
“Influences of Surfactant Content and Type On Physical Properties of Natural
rubber/organoclay Composites”. Journal of Polym Res (19) : 9917. 2012.
60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[21]
Chitraningrum, N., “Sifat Mekanik dan Termal Pada Bahan Nanokomposit
Epoxy-Clay Tapanuli”. Tugas Akhir, Program Sarjana Universitas Indonesia,
Depok. 2008.
[22]
Gonzalez, C., Valentin, J.L., Arroyo, M., Saalwachter, K., and Manchado,
M.A. “Natural rubber/clay nanocomposites : Influence of poly(ethylene
glycol) on the silicate dispersion and local chain order of rubber network”.
European Polymer Journal (44) : 3493-3500. 2008.
[23]
Surya, I., Ismail, H., and Azura, A. R. “Alkanolamide as an accelerator, fillerdispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds”.
Polymer Testing 32(8) : 1313-1321. 2013.
[24]
Kenkare, D. B., and Robbins, C. R. “U.S. Patent No. 4,154,706”.
Washington, DC : U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 1979.
[25]
Harahap, H., Surya, I., Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., and Surya, E. “The Effect
of Drying Temperature on Mechanical Properties of The Natural Rubber
Latex Products Filled With Kaolin Modified Alkanolamide”. Journal of
Asean ++ 2013 : Moving Forward. 2013.
[26]
Yugia, M., dan Wirjosentono, B. “Studi Pemanfaatan Bahan Pengemulsi
Berbasis Minyak Kelapa Untuk Produk Film Lateks Pekat Karet Alam
Dengan Agen Vulkanisasi Sulfur Dan Dikumil Peroksida”. Disertasi Doktor,
Program Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2012.
[27]
Akiba, M.Z., and Hasyim, A. Vulcanization and Crosslinking in Elastomer.
University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang Malaysia. 1997.
[28]
Wiwien, A., Darsono., dan Faisal, W. “Kajian Metode Vulkanisasi Lateks
Karet Alam Bebas Nitrosamin dan protein Alergen”. Pusat Teknologi
Akselerator dan Proses Bahan – BATAN, Yogyakarta. 2010.
[29]
Yuniati. “Studi Pemanfaatan Kulit Kerang (Andara Ferruginea) Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Produk Latex Karet Alam Dengan Tehnik Pencelupan”. Tesis
Magister, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2011.
[30]
Ciesielski, A. An Introduction to Rubber Technology, Rapra Technology
Limited, United Kingdom. 1999.
[31]
Chandrasekaran, V.C. Essential Rubber Formulary. William Andrew
Publishing. United States of America. 2007.
[32]
Stichting, R. Penuntun Praktis untuk Pembuatan Barang-Barang Dari Karet
Alam. Penerbit Kinta. Jakarta. 1983.
[33]
Yayasan Karet. Penuntun Praktis Untuk Pembuatan Barang – Barang dari
Karet Alam. Penerbit Kinta. Jakarta. 1983.
61
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[34]
Tika, Wulandari. “Optimasi Penggunanan Campuran Asam Asetat Dan Fenol
Sebagai Antioksidan Pada Karet Alam SIR 20”. Tugas Akhir. Program
Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2010.
[35]
Maulida. “Campuran Limbah Padat Organik Dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin”. Disertasi Doktor.
Program Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2010.
[36]
Daud, Z., Awang, H., Kassim, M., Sari, A., Hatta, M., Zainuri, M., and Mohd
Aripin, A. “Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Stalk : Alternative Paper Fibres Study
on Chemical Characterization and Morphological Structures”. Advanced
Materials Research, 911 : 331-335. 2014.
[37]
Rosen, M.J. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Willey and Sons
Ltd, New York. 1974.
[38]
Struktol. Rubber Handbook. www.struktol.com. Diakses pada tanggal 9
Maret 2014
[39]
Harahap, H., Baharin, A., and H. Rosamal. “Effect of Soaking In Curatives
on the Morphology and Tensile Properties of NR Latex Films”, Malaysian
Journal of Microscopy. 40 (5) : 205-216. 2007.
[40]
Hepburn, C. Elastomers : Cirteria For Engineering Design. Applied Science
Publishers, London. 1979.
[41]
Wirjosentono, B., Sitompul A.N., Sumarno., Siregar T.A., dan Lubis, S.B.
Analisa dan Karakterisasi Polimer, USU Press, Medan. 2010.
[42]
Stevens, M.P. Kimia Polimer. Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. 2001.
[43]
Allcock, H.R. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry. Pearson Education
International, New Jersey. 2003.
[44]
Ismail, H., and Ruhaizat, T.A. “Effect of Palm Oil Fatty Acid om Curing
Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of CaCO3 Filled Natural Rubber
Compounds”, Iranian Polymer Journal 6 (2) : 97-104. 1997.
[45]
Da Costa, H. M., Nunes, R. C. R., Visconte, L. L. Y., and Furtado, C. R. G.
“Physical Properties and swelling of natural rubber compounds containing
rice husk ash”. Raw Mater. App : 242-249. 2001.
[46]
Silverstein, R.M., Bassler, G.C., and Morill, T.C. Spektrofotometric
Identification of Organic Compounds. 4th Edition. John Willey and Sons,
New York. 1997.
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[47]
Zeng, P., Ling, X.K., Si-Dong, L., Yin, C., and Mao, F.H. “Composites
Science and Technology”, Journal Composites Science and Technology 67 :
3130-3139. 2007.
[48]
Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. Peluang Investasi Industri Sarung
Tangan Karet. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM). Jakarta. 2007.
[49]
Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., dan Harahap, H. “Pengaruh Biodegradasi Dengan
Teknik Penanaman Pada Produk Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Tepung Kulit
Pisang Yang Diputihkan Dengan Hidrogen Peroksida”. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
USU Vol. 1, No. 2. 2012.
[50]
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S., Introduction To Spectroscopy :
A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
Singapore. 2001.
[51]
Thiripura Sundari, M., and Ramesh, A. “Isolation and characterization of
cellulose nanofibers from the aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes)”. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(2), 1701-1705. 2012.
[52]
Shamsuri, A. A., Azid, M. K. A., Ariff, A. H. M., and Sudari, A. K. Influence
of Surface Treatment on Tensile Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/
Cellulose Woven Biocomposites: A Preliminary Study. Polymers, 6(9), 23452356. 2014.
[53]
Ismail, H., and Chia, H. H. “The effects of multifunctional additive and
epoxidation in silica filled natural rubber compounds”. Polymer
Testing, 17(3), 199-210. 1998.
[54]
Ismail, H., Omar, N.F., and Othman, N. “The Effect of Kenaf Fibre Loading
On Curing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Waste Tyre Dust/
Kenaf Fibre Hybrid Filler Filled Natural Rubber Compounds”. BioResources,
6(4), 3742-3756. 2011.
[55]
Ignatz-Hoover, F., To, B. H., Datta, R. N., De Hoog, A. J., Huntink, N. M.,
and Talma, A. G. “Chemical additives migration in rubber”. Rubber
Chemistry and Technology, 76(3), 747-768. 2003.
[56]
Moneypenny, H. G., Menting, K. H., and Gragg, F. M. General
Compounding in Rubber Compounding : Chemistry and Applications, CRC
Press Hardcover, USA. 2004.
[57]
Abraham, E., Deepa, B., Pothan, L. A., John, M., Narine, S. S., Thomas, S.,
and Anandjiwala, R. “Physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites based
on cellulose nanofibre and natural rubber latex”. Cellulose, 20(1), 417-427.
2013.
63
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[58]
Abhilash, G., Sabharwal, S., Dubey, A., Paul, J., John, H., and Joseph, R.
“Preparation of low‐protein natural rubber latex: Effect of polyethylene
glycol”. Journal of applied polymer science, 114(2), 806-810. 2009.
[59]
Ismail, H., Muniandy, K., and Othman, N. “Fatigue life, morphological
studies, and thermal aging of rattan powder-filled natural rubber composites
as a function of filler loading and a silane coupling
agent”. BioResources, 7(1), 0841-0858. 2012.
[60]
Ooi, Z. X., Ismail, H., and Bakar, A. A. “The Effect of Hydrochloric Acid
Treatment on Properties of Oil Palm Ash-filled Natural Rubber Composites”.
BioResources, 8(4), 5133-5144. 2013.
64
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
Wang, Z. F., Peng, Z., Li, S. D., Lin, H., Zhang, K. X., She, X. D., and Fu, X.
“The impact of esterification on the properties of starch/natural rubber
composite”. Composites Science and Technology, 69(11) : 1797-1803. 2009.
[2]
Yahaya, L. E., Adebowale, K. O., Mennon, A. R. R., and Olu-Owolabi, B. I.
“Natural Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites from Tea (Camelia Sinensis)
Seed Oil Derivative”. American Journal of Material Science 2(2) : 1-5. 2012.
[3]
Manroshan, S., and Baharin, A. “Effect of nanosized calcium carbonate on
the mechanical properties of latex films”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science
96(5) : 1550-1556. 2005.
[4]
Yahya, S. R., Hamdan, F. N., Rashid, A. A., and Azahari, B. “The Effect of
Pre-Vulcanization Temperature on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of
Starch Filled Natural Rubber Latex Compounds”. Advanced Materials
Research, 858, 184-189. 2014.
[5]
Ruangudomsakul, W., Ruksakulpiwat, C., & Ruksakulpiwat, Y. “The Study
of Using Bio-Filler from Cassava Pulp in Natural Rubber Composites”.
Advanced Materials Research, 747, 371-374. 2013.
[6]
Termal, A., Schaller, R., Moctil. M., and Kern, W. “Determination fo residual
vulcanization accelerations in Natural Rubber Film Using FTIR
Spectroscopy”. Journal of Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78 (1) : 28-41.
2005.
[7]
Baharin, A., Pun, M. Y., Ahmad, M. M. Y., and Nasir, Z. A. “Addition of
over cured latex to compounded uncompounded and prevulcanised HA
latex”. Natural Rubber Curing Development In Product Manufacture and
Applications : A report of proceeding of the International Rubber Technology
Conference, RRIM. 1993.
[8]
Egwaikhide, A. P., Akporhonor, E. E., and Okieimen, F. E. “The
Characterization of Carbonised Coconut Fibre as Fillers in Natural Rubber
Formulations”. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 3(1). 2008.
[9]
Hall, W. J., Zakaria, N., and Williams, P. T. “Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the
presence of Y-zeolite”. Waste management, 29(2) : 797-803. 2009.
[10]
Cai, H. H., Li, S. D., Tian, G. R., Wang, H. B., and Wang, J. H.
“Reinforcement of natural rubber latex film by ultrafine calcium carbonate”.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87(6) : 982-985. 2003.
59
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11]
Jia, Q. X., Wu, Y. P., Xu, Y. L., Mao, H. H., and Zhang, L. Q. “Combining
in‐situ organic modification of montmorillonite and the latex compounding
method to prepare high performance rubber montmorillonite nano
composites”. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 291(3) : 218-226.
2006.
[12]
Yahaya, L. E., Adebowale, K. O., and Menon, A. R. R. “Mechanical
properties of organomodified kaolin/natural rubber vulcanizates”. Applied
Clay Science, 46(3) : 283-288. 2009.
[13]
Prompunjai, A., and Sridach, W. “Preparation and some mechanical
properties of composite materials made from sawdust, cassava starch and
natural rubber latex”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology, 72 : 930-934. 2010.
[14]
Wu, Y. P., Ji, M. Q., Qi, Q., Wang, Y. Q., and Zhang, L. Q. “Preparation,
Structure, and Properties of Starch/Rubber Composites Prepared by
Co‐Coagulating Rubber Latex and Starch Paste”. Macromolecular rapid
communications, 25(4) : 565-570. 2004.
[15]
Bouthegourd, E., Rajisha, K. R., Kalarical, N., Saiter, J. M., and Thomas, S.
“Natural rubber latex/potato starch nanocrystal nanocomposites : Correlation
morphology/electrical properties”. Materials Letters, 65(23) : 3615-3617.
2011.
[16]
Da Costa, H.M., Nunes, R.C.R., Visconte, L.L.Y., and Furtado, C.R.G.
“Physical Properties and Swelling of Natural Rubber Compounds Containing
Rice Husk Ash”. Journal of Raw Materials and Applications : 242-249. 2001.
[17]
Agu, R. C., Amadife, A. E., Ude, C. M., Onyia, A., Ogu, E. O., Okafor, M.,
and Ezejiofor, E. “Combined heat treatment and acid hydrolysis of cassava
grate waste (CGW) biomass for ethanol production”. Waste management,
17(1) : 91-96. 1997.
[18]
Sivakumar, S., Senthilkumar, P., and Subburam, V. “Carbon from cassava
peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal
ions from aqueous solution”. Bioresource Technology, 80(3) : 233-235. 2001.
[19]
Akaranta, O., and Oku, G.E. “Some properties of cassava mesocarp
carbohydrates low density polyethylene blends”. Carbohydrate
Polymers, 39(1) : 89-91. 1999.
[20]
Keawkumay, C., Jarukumjorn, K., Wittayakun, J., and Suppakarn, N.
“Influences of Surfactant Content and Type On Physical Properties of Natural
rubber/organoclay Composites”. Journal of Polym Res (19) : 9917. 2012.
60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[21]
Chitraningrum, N., “Sifat Mekanik dan Termal Pada Bahan Nanokomposit
Epoxy-Clay Tapanuli”. Tugas Akhir, Program Sarjana Universitas Indonesia,
Depok. 2008.
[22]
Gonzalez, C., Valentin, J.L., Arroyo, M., Saalwachter, K., and Manchado,
M.A. “Natural rubber/clay nanocomposites : Influence of poly(ethylene
glycol) on the silicate dispersion and local chain order of rubber network”.
European Polymer Journal (44) : 3493-3500. 2008.
[23]
Surya, I., Ismail, H., and Azura, A. R. “Alkanolamide as an accelerator, fillerdispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds”.
Polymer Testing 32(8) : 1313-1321. 2013.
[24]
Kenkare, D. B., and Robbins, C. R. “U.S. Patent No. 4,154,706”.
Washington, DC : U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 1979.
[25]
Harahap, H., Surya, I., Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., and Surya, E. “The Effect
of Drying Temperature on Mechanical Properties of The Natural Rubber
Latex Products Filled With Kaolin Modified Alkanolamide”. Journal of
Asean ++ 2013 : Moving Forward. 2013.
[26]
Yugia, M., dan Wirjosentono, B. “Studi Pemanfaatan Bahan Pengemulsi
Berbasis Minyak Kelapa Untuk Produk Film Lateks Pekat Karet Alam
Dengan Agen Vulkanisasi Sulfur Dan Dikumil Peroksida”. Disertasi Doktor,
Program Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2012.
[27]
Akiba, M.Z., and Hasyim, A. Vulcanization and Crosslinking in Elastomer.
University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang Malaysia. 1997.
[28]
Wiwien, A., Darsono., dan Faisal, W. “Kajian Metode Vulkanisasi Lateks
Karet Alam Bebas Nitrosamin dan protein Alergen”. Pusat Teknologi
Akselerator dan Proses Bahan – BATAN, Yogyakarta. 2010.
[29]
Yuniati. “Studi Pemanfaatan Kulit Kerang (Andara Ferruginea) Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Produk Latex Karet Alam Dengan Tehnik Pencelupan”. Tesis
Magister, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2011.
[30]
Ciesielski, A. An Introduction to Rubber Technology, Rapra Technology
Limited, United Kingdom. 1999.
[31]
Chandrasekaran, V.C. Essential Rubber Formulary. William Andrew
Publishing. United States of America. 2007.
[32]
Stichting, R. Penuntun Praktis untuk Pembuatan Barang-Barang Dari Karet
Alam. Penerbit Kinta. Jakarta. 1983.
[33]
Yayasan Karet. Penuntun Praktis Untuk Pembuatan Barang – Barang dari
Karet Alam. Penerbit Kinta. Jakarta. 1983.
61
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[34]
Tika, Wulandari. “Optimasi Penggunanan Campuran Asam Asetat Dan Fenol
Sebagai Antioksidan Pada Karet Alam SIR 20”. Tugas Akhir. Program
Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2010.
[35]
Maulida. “Campuran Limbah Padat Organik Dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin”. Disertasi Doktor.
Program Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2010.
[36]
Daud, Z., Awang, H., Kassim, M., Sari, A., Hatta, M., Zainuri, M., and Mohd
Aripin, A. “Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Stalk : Alternative Paper Fibres Study
on Chemical Characterization and Morphological Structures”. Advanced
Materials Research, 911 : 331-335. 2014.
[37]
Rosen, M.J. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Willey and Sons
Ltd, New York. 1974.
[38]
Struktol. Rubber Handbook. www.struktol.com. Diakses pada tanggal 9
Maret 2014
[39]
Harahap, H., Baharin, A., and H. Rosamal. “Effect of Soaking In Curatives
on the Morphology and Tensile Properties of NR Latex Films”, Malaysian
Journal of Microscopy. 40 (5) : 205-216. 2007.
[40]
Hepburn, C. Elastomers : Cirteria For Engineering Design. Applied Science
Publishers, London. 1979.
[41]
Wirjosentono, B., Sitompul A.N., Sumarno., Siregar T.A., dan Lubis, S.B.
Analisa dan Karakterisasi Polimer, USU Press, Medan. 2010.
[42]
Stevens, M.P. Kimia Polimer. Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. 2001.
[43]
Allcock, H.R. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry. Pearson Education
International, New Jersey. 2003.
[44]
Ismail, H., and Ruhaizat, T.A. “Effect of Palm Oil Fatty Acid om Curing
Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of CaCO3 Filled Natural Rubber
Compounds”, Iranian Polymer Journal 6 (2) : 97-104. 1997.
[45]
Da Costa, H. M., Nunes, R. C. R., Visconte, L. L. Y., and Furtado, C. R. G.
“Physical Properties and swelling of natural rubber compounds containing
rice husk ash”. Raw Mater. App : 242-249. 2001.
[46]
Silverstein, R.M., Bassler, G.C., and Morill, T.C. Spektrofotometric
Identification of Organic Compounds. 4th Edition. John Willey and Sons,
New York. 1997.
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[47]
Zeng, P., Ling, X.K., Si-Dong, L., Yin, C., and Mao, F.H. “Composites
Science and Technology”, Journal Composites Science and Technology 67 :
3130-3139. 2007.
[48]
Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. Peluang Investasi Industri Sarung
Tangan Karet. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM). Jakarta. 2007.
[49]
Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., dan Harahap, H. “Pengaruh Biodegradasi Dengan
Teknik Penanaman Pada Produk Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Tepung Kulit
Pisang Yang Diputihkan Dengan Hidrogen Peroksida”. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
USU Vol. 1, No. 2. 2012.
[50]
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S., Introduction To Spectroscopy :
A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
Singapore. 2001.
[51]
Thiripura Sundari, M., and Ramesh, A. “Isolation and characterization of
cellulose nanofibers from the aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes)”. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(2), 1701-1705. 2012.
[52]
Shamsuri, A. A., Azid, M. K. A., Ariff, A. H. M., and Sudari, A. K. Influence
of Surface Treatment on Tensile Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/
Cellulose Woven Biocomposites: A Preliminary Study. Polymers, 6(9), 23452356. 2014.
[53]
Ismail, H., and Chia, H. H. “The effects of multifunctional additive and
epoxidation in silica filled natural rubber compounds”. Polymer
Testing, 17(3), 199-210. 1998.
[54]
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