Responses of soil nitrogen fixing ammoni
Ann Microbiol (2013) 63:1619–1627
DOI 10.1007/s13213-013-0625-x
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Responses of soil nitrogen-fixing, ammonia-oxidizing,
and denitrifying bacterial communities to long-term
chlorimuron-ethyl stress in a continuously cropped soybean
field in Northeast China
Xiaoli Zhang & Xu Li & Chenggang Zhang & Xinyu Li &
Huiwen Zhang
Received: 23 August 2012 / Accepted: 1 March 2013 / Published online: 21 April 2013
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2013
Abstract Chlorimuron-ethyl is a type of long-residual herbicide applied widely to soybean fields in China, but little
information is available about the long-term impact of this
herbicide on soil nitrogen-transforming microbial communities. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from three
treatments (no, 5-year and 10-year application of
chlorimuron-ethyl) in a continuously cropped soybean field.
Plate count (CFU), most probable number (MPN) count,
and clone library analyses were conducted to investigate
the abundance and composition of nitrogen-fixing,
ammonia-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacterial communities,
and a chlorate inhibition method was adopted to measure the
soil nitrification potential. Long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application reduced the abundance of soil culturable nitrogenfixing, ammonia-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacteria. Moreover, chlorimuron-ethyl decreased the diversity of nitrogenfixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria but promoted that of
denitrifying bacteria. Chlorimuron-ethyl restrained some
uncultured nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria Nitrosospira sp. cluster 3a and 3d, and some novel
or putative denitrifying bacteria. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria were closely related to Bradyrhizobium sp., ammoniaoxidizing bacteria Nitrosospira sp. cluster 3b and 3c, and
most denitrifying bacteria were resistant to chlorimuronethyl. There was a negative correlation between the nitrification potential and the residual amount of soil chlorimuronethyl (R2 =0.88, n=3, P
DOI 10.1007/s13213-013-0625-x
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Responses of soil nitrogen-fixing, ammonia-oxidizing,
and denitrifying bacterial communities to long-term
chlorimuron-ethyl stress in a continuously cropped soybean
field in Northeast China
Xiaoli Zhang & Xu Li & Chenggang Zhang & Xinyu Li &
Huiwen Zhang
Received: 23 August 2012 / Accepted: 1 March 2013 / Published online: 21 April 2013
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2013
Abstract Chlorimuron-ethyl is a type of long-residual herbicide applied widely to soybean fields in China, but little
information is available about the long-term impact of this
herbicide on soil nitrogen-transforming microbial communities. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from three
treatments (no, 5-year and 10-year application of
chlorimuron-ethyl) in a continuously cropped soybean field.
Plate count (CFU), most probable number (MPN) count,
and clone library analyses were conducted to investigate
the abundance and composition of nitrogen-fixing,
ammonia-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacterial communities,
and a chlorate inhibition method was adopted to measure the
soil nitrification potential. Long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application reduced the abundance of soil culturable nitrogenfixing, ammonia-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacteria. Moreover, chlorimuron-ethyl decreased the diversity of nitrogenfixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria but promoted that of
denitrifying bacteria. Chlorimuron-ethyl restrained some
uncultured nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria Nitrosospira sp. cluster 3a and 3d, and some novel
or putative denitrifying bacteria. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria were closely related to Bradyrhizobium sp., ammoniaoxidizing bacteria Nitrosospira sp. cluster 3b and 3c, and
most denitrifying bacteria were resistant to chlorimuronethyl. There was a negative correlation between the nitrification potential and the residual amount of soil chlorimuronethyl (R2 =0.88, n=3, P