Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback Grouper, Cromileptes altivelis Receiving Preset Period of Unfed-Fed Cycle
Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback Grouper,
Cromileptes altivelis Receiving Preset Period of Unfed-Fed Cycle
Edy Yuwono1, Purnama Sukardi2, and Isdy Sulistyo2
1
2
Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University,
Programme Study of Fishery and Marine Sciene, Jenderal Soedirman University
Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
Email: edy@unsoed.ac.id
Abstract
The effect of preset periods of unfed-fed cycle on growth, feed efficiency and body condition
indices of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis was studied. The fish receiving nonfeeding/feeding cycle of 1/2 day (T1); 1/2 and 3 days alternately (T2); 1/3 day (T3); were compared
to that fed daily as a control (C). Each feeding treatment was assigned to five fiberglass tanks
according to a completely randomized design. All fish was weighed to obtain final weight gain at the
end of the experiment. Feeding rate (FR) was calculated during feeding period throughout the
experiment. At the end of the experiment all fish was weighed to obtain final fish weight. Absolute
growth rate (AGR); survival; consumption; cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion
efficiency (FCE) were calculated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test
(P0.05). Reducing the period of feed availability did not
influence the final fish weight achieved at the end of the experiment. The AGR of the T1,
T2 and T3 was significantly greater than control (P0.05).
Table 1. Proximate composition (mean ± SE) of trash fish used in the experiment
% dry weight
Protein
Lipid
Ash
Moisture
56.15 ± 0.15
14.75 ± 0.05
4.05 ± 0.15
8.75 ± 0.05
Table 2. Initial weight, final weight, weight gain and AGR (mean ± SE) of humpback
grouper, Cromileptes altivelis
Parameter
Initial weight, g
Final weight, g
Weight gain, g
AGR, g
Survival rate, g
T1
6.14 ± 0.08a
12.14 ± 0.32a
6.00 ± 0.41a
0.21 ± 0.05a
86.67 ± 4.25a
T2
6.01 ± 0.15a
11.62 ± 0.13a
5.61 ± 0.13a
0.18 ± 0.03a
93.33 ± 3.12a
T3
5.96 ± 0.08a
11.08 ± 0.16a
5.22 ± 0.36a
0.17 ± 0.03a
86.67 ± 5.65a
C
5.74 ± 0.10a
10.45 ± 0.14a
4.71 ± 0.27a
0.11 ± 0.01b
85.00 ± 4.08a
Weight gain = final weight – initial weight; AGR = weight gain/number feeding day;
SR = % number of fish survived in each group at the end of the experiment. Significant
differences were found between groups with different superscripts in the same row
(P0.05). The
fish in treatment groups seem to grow rapidly as from week 4 to achieve complete
compensatory growth.
4
Biosfera 24 (1) Januari 2007
14
Fish weight, g
12
10
8
6
T1
T2
4
T3
2
C
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Sampling period
Figure 1. Mean body weight of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis receiving periodic
feed deprivation and control measured weekly in six sampling period during the
study
Mean feeding rates during the whole experiment ranged between 4 % – 11.3 %; 2 %
– 8.5 %; 2.4% – 10 %; 2 % – 8.7 % in T1, T2, T3 and C respectively. Fish of T1 maintained
higher FR throughout the experiment as compared to C, except fish of T2 showed lower
FR in day 20, 24, 25 then in day 37, 38 and day 39 and the fish of T3 showed lower FR in
day 28 and 42 (Fig.2).
12
C
10
T1
8
6
4
2
0
12
C
10
T2
FR, %
8
6
4
2
0
12
C
10
T3
8
6
4
2
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
Day
Figure 2. Mean feeding rate of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis throughout the
experiment. FR: % feed consumed/fish/day
Yuwono, Sukardi and Sulistyo, Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback: 1 - 9
5
Table 3 shows that the fish of T1 was subjected to a greater total unfed-fed cycle
followed by T2 and T3. Consumption of T1 was the highest, followed by that of T2 and T3
which were significantly higher (P0.05)
Parameter
Total days of feeding
Total fed-unfed cycle
Consumption, g
FCE
T1
28
14
0.55 ± 0.03a
0.39 ± 0.03a
T2
30
12
0.49 ± 0.03b
0.38 ± 0.01a
T3
32
10
0.46 ± 0.02b
0.37 ± 0.01a
C
42
0.41 ± 0.02c
0.27 ± 0.02b
Consumption = g feed/fish per day; FCE = gram weight gain/gram feed. Significant
differences were found between groups with different superscripts in the same row
(P
Cromileptes altivelis Receiving Preset Period of Unfed-Fed Cycle
Edy Yuwono1, Purnama Sukardi2, and Isdy Sulistyo2
1
2
Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University,
Programme Study of Fishery and Marine Sciene, Jenderal Soedirman University
Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
Email: edy@unsoed.ac.id
Abstract
The effect of preset periods of unfed-fed cycle on growth, feed efficiency and body condition
indices of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis was studied. The fish receiving nonfeeding/feeding cycle of 1/2 day (T1); 1/2 and 3 days alternately (T2); 1/3 day (T3); were compared
to that fed daily as a control (C). Each feeding treatment was assigned to five fiberglass tanks
according to a completely randomized design. All fish was weighed to obtain final weight gain at the
end of the experiment. Feeding rate (FR) was calculated during feeding period throughout the
experiment. At the end of the experiment all fish was weighed to obtain final fish weight. Absolute
growth rate (AGR); survival; consumption; cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion
efficiency (FCE) were calculated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test
(P0.05). Reducing the period of feed availability did not
influence the final fish weight achieved at the end of the experiment. The AGR of the T1,
T2 and T3 was significantly greater than control (P0.05).
Table 1. Proximate composition (mean ± SE) of trash fish used in the experiment
% dry weight
Protein
Lipid
Ash
Moisture
56.15 ± 0.15
14.75 ± 0.05
4.05 ± 0.15
8.75 ± 0.05
Table 2. Initial weight, final weight, weight gain and AGR (mean ± SE) of humpback
grouper, Cromileptes altivelis
Parameter
Initial weight, g
Final weight, g
Weight gain, g
AGR, g
Survival rate, g
T1
6.14 ± 0.08a
12.14 ± 0.32a
6.00 ± 0.41a
0.21 ± 0.05a
86.67 ± 4.25a
T2
6.01 ± 0.15a
11.62 ± 0.13a
5.61 ± 0.13a
0.18 ± 0.03a
93.33 ± 3.12a
T3
5.96 ± 0.08a
11.08 ± 0.16a
5.22 ± 0.36a
0.17 ± 0.03a
86.67 ± 5.65a
C
5.74 ± 0.10a
10.45 ± 0.14a
4.71 ± 0.27a
0.11 ± 0.01b
85.00 ± 4.08a
Weight gain = final weight – initial weight; AGR = weight gain/number feeding day;
SR = % number of fish survived in each group at the end of the experiment. Significant
differences were found between groups with different superscripts in the same row
(P0.05). The
fish in treatment groups seem to grow rapidly as from week 4 to achieve complete
compensatory growth.
4
Biosfera 24 (1) Januari 2007
14
Fish weight, g
12
10
8
6
T1
T2
4
T3
2
C
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Sampling period
Figure 1. Mean body weight of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis receiving periodic
feed deprivation and control measured weekly in six sampling period during the
study
Mean feeding rates during the whole experiment ranged between 4 % – 11.3 %; 2 %
– 8.5 %; 2.4% – 10 %; 2 % – 8.7 % in T1, T2, T3 and C respectively. Fish of T1 maintained
higher FR throughout the experiment as compared to C, except fish of T2 showed lower
FR in day 20, 24, 25 then in day 37, 38 and day 39 and the fish of T3 showed lower FR in
day 28 and 42 (Fig.2).
12
C
10
T1
8
6
4
2
0
12
C
10
T2
FR, %
8
6
4
2
0
12
C
10
T3
8
6
4
2
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
Day
Figure 2. Mean feeding rate of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis throughout the
experiment. FR: % feed consumed/fish/day
Yuwono, Sukardi and Sulistyo, Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback: 1 - 9
5
Table 3 shows that the fish of T1 was subjected to a greater total unfed-fed cycle
followed by T2 and T3. Consumption of T1 was the highest, followed by that of T2 and T3
which were significantly higher (P0.05)
Parameter
Total days of feeding
Total fed-unfed cycle
Consumption, g
FCE
T1
28
14
0.55 ± 0.03a
0.39 ± 0.03a
T2
30
12
0.49 ± 0.03b
0.38 ± 0.01a
T3
32
10
0.46 ± 0.02b
0.37 ± 0.01a
C
42
0.41 ± 0.02c
0.27 ± 0.02b
Consumption = g feed/fish per day; FCE = gram weight gain/gram feed. Significant
differences were found between groups with different superscripts in the same row
(P