TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ON PO’S UTTERANCES IN KUNG FU PANDA 3 SUBTITLES (Pragmatic Approach)
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ON PO’S UTTERANCES
IN KUNG FU PANDA 3 SUBTITLES
(Pragmatic Approach)
Zakiyatul Azizah1, Irta Fitriana2
1
Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul ‘Ulum Jombang
[email protected]
2
Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul ‘Ulum Jombang
[email protected]
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tentang teknik terjemahan yang diterapkan dalam
Tuturan Po Pada Sub-Judul Kung Fu Panda 3 dengan pendekatan pragmatik.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi teknik terjemahan yang
paling banyak digunakan, (2) mengevaluasi hasil ideologi. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah SubJudul Kung Fu Panda 3 dan hanya fokus pada tuturan Po. Po adalah tokoh utama
dalam film ini. Ada 151 tuturan Po yang digunakan sebagai data. Sub-judul
tuturan Po dianalisis dengan teknik terjemahan oleh Molina & Albir (2002). Dan,
metode penilaian kualitas hasil terjemahan oleh Nababan dll (2012) dan
difokuskan pada keakuratannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada 11 teknik
yang diterapkan dalam Sub-Judul Kung Fu Panda 3 Pada Tuturan Po. Yaitu,
kesepadanan lazim 327 kali (52,88%), harfiah 50 kali (12,58%), variasi 73 kali
(12,25%), peminjaman murni 45 kali (7,55%), reduksi 20 kali (4,87%),
penambahan 25 kali (4,19%), modulasi 16 kali (2,68%), eksplisitasi 15 kali
(2,52%), peminjaman alamiah 9 kali (1,68%), kreasi diskursif dan transposisi dua
kali (0,33%).
Kata kunci: Teknik Terjemahan, Tuturan, Kung Fu Panda 3
I.
INTRODUCTION
Kung Fu Panda 3 is an interesting object to be analyzed. Since the movie had been
translated into some languages such us; Mandarin, English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch,
Italian, Spanish, Croatian, Turkish, Vietnam, Hungarian, and Bahasa Indonesia and etc
(https://www.subsmovies.com). In this case, the study has chosen Indonesian version as the
main focus of the study, because it was conducted in Indonesian. Hence, it would be
necessary to conduct the study in the case of translation techniques to enrich more knowledge
in the translation theories.
Bahasa Indonesia used in the data of study was translated by Ibrakhim (2016) where
in his translation, it can be found many translation techniques used as like Established
Equivalent, Variation, Literal, Natural Borrowing, Pure Borrowing, and Reduction. In the
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movie, the translation is the form of subtitle. Bogucki (2013:36) states that subtitles is a part
of the screen and may obscure important visual clues, thus contaminating the visual channel.
It can be simplified that subtitle is the text down in the movie. Therefore, it is very important
to analyze kinds of translation techniques related to the utterances used by the main
character in the movie.
The dialogue presented by the movie characters is in the form of utterances.
According to Akmajian et all (2010: 396) utterance is simply act of uttering sounds,
syllables, words, phrases, and sentences from a language. There are five kinds of utterances
according to Yule (1996:52-54) they are Declaratives, Representatives, Expressives,
Directives and Commisives. Here, the examples of utterances found in Kung Fu Panda 3
movie:
1.
009/KFP3/00:06:04
SL: “Your final...? wait, I didn’t even know you were sick”
TL: “Kelas Terakhir? Aku tak tahu Guru sakit”
This is the conversation between Po and Master Shifu. Po was surprised by Master
Shifu because he did not want to teach Po anymore. This conversation refers to
Expressives utterances. It shows that Po regrets because he did not know even Master
Shifu was sick. This translated version is accurate because between Po and Master Shifu
understand each other.
2.
013/KFP3/00:07:39
SL: “Poison, technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
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In this case, Po talking to Tigress. In this situation Po got Tigrees to use stance a
poison, technique to passed training area in front of him. This conversation refers to
Directives utterances. It can be seen that Po suggested Tigress use stance a poison, technique
in order he did not get injured. This translated is less accurate because Tigress did not
understand what did Po say. And finally, Tigress used another technique to passed the area
in front of him and he got injured.
This research is about the translation quality and the translation techniques of the
utterances used by the main character in Kung Fu Panda 3 movie subtitles. Newmark
(1988:5) states that “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in
the way that the author intended the text”. Thus, translation is the interpretation from Source
Language (SL) to Target Language (TL) to get the equivalent in the target language.
There are some previous studies that relevance to this study. The first study was
conducted by Irta Fitriana (2014), the students of Sebelas Maret University. She wrote a
study entitled “Analisis Teknik dan Kualitas Terjemahan Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Dalam
Novel Stealing Home (Hati yang Terenggut) karya Sherryl Woods. The second study was
proposed by Deviana Oktavia Rachmawati (2016), the students of Sebelas Maret University.
She examined a research entitled “Translation Analysis of Interrogative Utterances in
Twilight Saga: New Moon Film Subtitle”. Both of those researcher were analyzed about the
techniques of translation with a romance genre but it is different in the scope limitation and
object of the study. Here, the researcher found two research gaps that are to enlarge the scope
of limitation and the object of the study. In the study, it focused on all kinds of utterances of
the main character in the movie with the genre, comedy.
From the statement above, the writer interested to investigate the translation techniques
proposed by Molina and Albir (2002: 509), and the translation quality proposed by Nababan
(2012: 44). This research focused on the kinds of utterances used by the main character in
the Kung Fu Panda 3 movie. The kinds of utterances are declaratives, representatives,
directives, expressives, and commissives. Besides, the quality of assessment only focused
on the accuracy of the translation. Therefore, this study will analyze all types of utterances
used in Kung Fu Panda 3 movie.
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II.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study applies descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research defines as the
inquirer seeks to examine an issue related to oression of individuals and the stories are
collected of individual oppression using a narrative approach. Individuals are interviewed at
some length to determine how they have personally experienced oppression, Creswell
(2014:48). Source of data of time research is Kung Fu Panda 3 movie. The data are Po’s
utterances which have taken from Kung Fu Panda movie in form of sentences. Po is the
main character of this movie.
III.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
There are 151 utterances taken as the data for this research. It was found eleven
translation techniques to translate the movie subtitle. Here is the translation techniques
applied:
Table The Total Frequency Used of Translation Techniques
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Technique
Established Equivalent
Variation
Literal
Pure Borrowing
Addition
Naturalized Borrowing
Explicitation
Discursive Creation
Transposition
Modulation
Reduction
Total
Amount
327
73
50
45
25
9
15
2
2
16
29
596
Percentage
52,88%
12,25%
10,58%
7,55%
4,19%
1,68%
2,52%
0,33%
0,33%
2,68%
4,87%
100%
1. Established Equivalent
Established equivalent is to use a term or expression it has been recognized (by
dictionaries of language in use) as an equivalent in the TL. There are 327 (52,88%)
established equivalent techniques applied in translating the utterances, Here are the
examples of data:
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a. Directive Utterances
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occurred between Po and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked some
foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech acts that
speakers use to get someone else to do something (Yule, 1996:54). This translation
utterance was translated using established equivalent techniques. It can be seen from the
words ‘will’, ‘two’ was translated into ‘mau’ and ‘dua’.
b. Representative utterance
015/KFP3/00:08:27
Context: This conversation occured, when Po lied if he did not hear ducks conversation
that passed beside him.
SL: “I didn’t hear anything”
TL:“Aku tak dengar apapun”
Datum 039 is representative utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act
that state the speakers believes to be case or not (Yule, 1996:53). As seen in the example
above, this translation utterance was translated using established equivalent technique. It
can be seen from the words ‘didn’t, ‘hear’, ‘tak’, ‘anything’ was translated into ‘tak’,
‘dengar’, ‘apapun’.
c.
Expressive utterance
009/KFP3/00:06:04
Context: In this case, Po was shocked because Master Shifu said that day would be his
final class. Po was sad because he did not even know that Master Shifu was sick.
SL: “Your final...? wait! I didn’t know even you were sick!”
TL: “Kelas terakhir...? Tunggu! Aku tak tahu Guru sakit!”
Datum 009 shows expressive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act that
state what the speaker feels (Yule, 1996:53). This translation utterance was translated
using established equivalent. It can be seen from the words ‘final’ ‘wait’, ‘didn’t’,
‘know’,‘sick’ was translated into ‘terakhir’, tunggu’, ‘tak’, ‘tahu’ ‘sakit’.
d. Commisive utterance
079/KFP3/00:40:45
Context: Po believed that he could make the flower bloom”
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SL: “Alright flower, i’m gonna make you bloom”
TL: “Baiklah bunga, akan kubuat mekar”
Datum 079 shows commisive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act that
speakers use to commit themselves some future action (Yule, 1996:54). This translation
utterance was translated using established equivalent techniques. It was applied in the
words ‘alright’, ‘flower’, ‘gonna’, ‘make’,‘bloom’ was translated into ‘baiklah’, ‘bunga’,
‘akan’, ‘buat’ ‘mekar’.
Literal
Literal translation is to translate a word or an expression word for word but still
needs to be shifted in TL. Here are the examples of data:
a.
Directive utterance
001/ KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters,Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 is categorized directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated
using literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘justice platters’ was translated
into ‘dua porsi keadilan’.
b. Representative utterance
046/KFP3/00:19:53
Context: Po told his father about Master Ram’s crossbrow.
SL: “Master Ram’s crossbrow the infinite gates smasher”
TL: “Busur Guru Ram senjata Penghancur Gerbang”
Datum 046 is representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘the infinite gates smasher was
translated into ‘senjata penghancur gerbang.
c.
Expressive utterance
007/ KFP3/00:05:58
Context: Po was happy because Master Shifu showed him the great dramatic entrance.
SL: “Whoa, nice dramatic entrance”
TL: “Whoa, kedatangan dramatis nan keren”
Datum 005 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘nice dramatic entrance’ was translated
into ‘kedatangan dramatis nan keren’.
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2. Variation
Variation is to change linguistic or paralinguistic elements (or in a particular
gestures) that affect aspect of linguistic variation: changes of textual tone, style, social
dialect, geographical dialect, etc, for example to introduce or change dialectal indicators
for characters when translating for the theater, changes in tone when adapting novels for
children, etc. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
003/KFP3/00:04:55
Context: This conversation occured, when Po offered extra sauce to Tigress.
SL: “Did you want extra sauce with that?”
TL: “Apa kau mau tambahan saus”
Datum 003 is directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘kau’.
b. Representative utterance
036/KFP3/00:17:24
Context: Po was confused to call the name of his biological father.
SL: “I don’t know what i’m supposed to call you”
TL: “Um, aku tak tahu, harus memanggilmu apa”
Datum 036 is representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques was applied in the word ‘I’, ‘you’ was translated into ‘aku’, and ‘mu’
c.
Expressive utterance
033/KFP3/00:16:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and Li Shan said good bye to each other.
But suddenly they were shocked, because they were father and son and finally they found
their happines to realize that.
SL: “I can’t believe you’re alive”
TL: “Aku tak percaya kau masih hidup”
Datum 033 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘I’, ‘You’ was translated into ‘Aku’,
‘Kau’.
d.
Commisive utterance
028/KFP3/00:15:18
Context: Po should defend his tittle as the winner of eating dumpling.
SL: “I have to defend my title”
TL: “Aku harus mempertahankan gelarku”
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Datum 065 is commisive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques that applied in the words ‘I’, ‘my’ was translated into Aku’, ‘ku’.
3. Pure Borrowing
Pure Borrowing is a translation technique that completely takes the terms or words
directly from the source language without any changes into target language. There are 45 (7,
55%) data are used pure borrowing techniques. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
002/KFP3/00:04:55
Context: The context of situation while Po was talking to Mr. Ping. Po asked the spicy
noodle soup for Tigress.
SL: “Oh, the spicy noodle soup for Tigress”
TL: “Oh, dan mie kuah pedas untuk Tigress”
Datum 002 is directive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Tigress’ was translated into ‘Tigress’.
b. Representative utterance
022/KFP3/00:13:55
Context: Po talked to himself by taking a bath with his dolls.
SL: “Oh no he’s the Dragon teacher, yeah he’s so handsome”
TL: “Oh tidak, itu Guru Naga, ya dia sangat tampan”
Datum 022 is representative utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘oh’ was translated into ‘oh’.
c.
Expressive utterance
010/KFP3/00:06:25
Context: Po was surprised because Master Shifu asked him to take his position turn as a
teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “Me? Teach? I mean why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi Guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus dilakukan”
Datum 010 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Tigress’ was translated into ‘Tigress’.
d. Commisive utterance
098/KFP3/00:05:16
Context: Po would stay in Panda villages and fight the monster with his strenght.
SL: “I’m gonna stay and fight that monster”
TL: “Aku tetap disini dan melawan monster itu”
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Datum 098 is commisive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Monster’ was translated into ‘Monster’.
5. Reduction
Reduction is to suppress a ST information item in the TT. It is in opposition to
amplification. There are 26 (4, 87%) data using reduction techniques. Here are the
examples:
a.
Directive utterance
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters, Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
reduction techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘please’ was deleted by the translator
in target language.
b. Representative utterance
036/ KFP3/00:17:24
Context: This conversation occurred, when Po was confused to call the name of his
biological father.
SL: “I don’t know what I’m supposed to call you”
TL: “Um, aku tak tahu, harus memanggilmu apa”
Datum 036 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated
using reduction techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘I’m’, this word was deleted by
the translator.
c.
Expressive utterance
014/KFP3/00:07:59
Context: Po asked his friend, did they learn something when Po was taught Kung Fu.
SL: “Did you at least learn little something?”
TL: “Apa kalian mempelajari sesuatu?”
Datum 014 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance also used reduction
techniques that applied in the words ‘at least’ and ‘little’.
6.
Modulation
Modulation is to change the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to
the ST; it can be lexical or structural. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
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035/ KFP3/00:17:21
Context: Po wanted to meet his friends with his own father.
SL: “Oh, dad come say hi to...”
TL: “Oh, Ayah perkenalkan, dia..”
Datum 035 is directive utterances. This translation utterance also applied modulation
techniques in the phrase ‘come say hi to’ was translated into ‘perkenalkan’.
b.
Representative utterance
021/ KFP3/00:11:17
Context: This conversation occured when Po wanted to be a teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “There is no way I’m ever gonna be like you”
TL: “Jadi Guru? Tak mungkin aku bisa jadi sepertimu?”
Datum 021 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also applied
modulation techniques in the phrase ‘There is no way’ was translated into ‘Tak mungkin’.
c.
Expressive utterance
010/ KFP3/00:06:25
Context: Po was surprised because Master Shifu asked him to take his position turn as a
teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “Me? Teach” why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi Guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus dilakukan”
Datum 010 shows expressive utterances. Modulation techniques have been applied in the
phrase of ‘always telling everyone what to do’ was translated into ‘yang tahu yang harus
dilakukan’.
7.
Addition
Addition is to introduce details that are not formulated in the ST: information and
explicative paraphrasing. There are 25 (4, 19%) data using addition techniques. Here are
the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
002/KFP3/002:04:55
Context: Po asked his father spicy noodle soup for Tigress
SL: “Oh, the spicy noodle soup for Tigress”
TL: “Oh, dan mie kuah pedas untuk Tigress”
Datum 002 is directive utterances. As can be seen in the example above this translation
utterance also applied addition techniques in the word ‘dan’.
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b.
Representative utterance
026/ KFP3/00:14:36
Context: Po told his father (Mr.Ping) that he had a problem.
SL: “Ok yes, something’s wrong”
TL: “Baik, ya, aku dapat masalah”
Datum 026 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also used an
addition technique that was added in the word ‘aku’.
c.
Expressive utterance
008/ KFP3/00:06:00
Context: This conversation occurred, when Po asked Master Shifu, why he showed them
the great dramatic entrance.
SL: “What’s the occasion?”
TL: “Ada acara apa ini?”
Datum 008 is categorized expressive utterances. This translation utterance was applied
addition techniques in the words ‘ini’. In this case the word ‘ini’ was added by the
translator to add the information from SL to TL.
8.
Explicitation
Explicitation is to introduce a ST element or information or stylistic effect in
another place in the TT because it cannot be reflected in the same place as in the ST.
There are 15 (2, 52%) data using explicitation techniques. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
057/KFP3/00:23:15
Context: Po asked his father to see Dragon Warrior.
SL: “now you can see what being the Dragon Warrior is all about”
TL: “sekarang Ayah bisa melihat kemampuan ksatria naga”
Datum 041 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance applied explicitation
techniques in the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’.
b.
Representative utterance
018/ KFP3/00:09:29
Context: This conversation occured between Po and Master Shifu. Master Shifu asked Po
who is really Po.
SL: “What do you...? of course I do I’m the Dragon Warrior”
TL: “Apa yang Guru...? Tentu aku tahu Akulah Ksatria Naga!”
Datum 018 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also applied
explicitation techniques in the word ‘You’ was translated into ‘Guru’.
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c.
Expressive utterance
040/KFP3/00:18:52
Context: Po was happy because he would show many things to his father.
SL: “you gotta you have no idea There’s so much to show you”
TL: “Ayah tak tahu ada banyak hal yang mau kutunjukkan”
Datum 040 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance applied explicitation
techniques in the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’.
9.
Naturalized Borrowing
Naturalized Borrowing is a translation technique that takes directly the terms or
the words from the source language by naturalizing the spelling into target language.
There are 9 (1, 68%) data using naturalized borrowing techniques, Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
013/ KFP3/00:07:39
Context: Po commanded Tigress to used Poison technique to passed the arena training in
front of him.
SL: “Poison, Technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
Datum 013 is categorized directive utterances. This translation utterance technique
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘Technique’ was translated into
‘Teknik’.
b.
Representative utterance
043/KFP3/00:19:23
Context: Po told his father, home artifacts is the most important in China.
SL: “Home of the most priceless kung fu artifacts in all of China”
TL: “Rumah artefak kung fu yang sangat berharga dari seluruh China”
Datum 043 Datum 013 is categorized representative utterances. This translation utterance
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘artifact’ was translated into
‘artifak’.
c.
Expressive utterance
093/KFP3/00:53:22
Context: Po was angry and asked his father to teach him about master chi.
SL: “You need to teach me the secret chi technique now”
TL: “Ayah harus mengajariku rahasia teknik chi sekarang”
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Datum 056 Datum 013 is categorized expressive utterances. This translation utterance
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘technique’ was translated into
‘teknik’.
10.
Discursive Creation
Discursive Creation is to establish a temporary equivalence that is totally
unpredictable out of context. There are two (0, 33%) data using discursive creation that
have been applied. Here is the example:
a. Directive utterance
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters,Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
discursive creation techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘we’ was translated into
‘aku’.
11.
Transposition
Transposition is to change a grammatical category. There are two (0, 33%) using
transposition techniques. Here is the example:
b.
Directive utterance
071/KFP3/00:34:20
Context: Po was so happy, turn out him also had a cousin in secret Panda village.
SL: “I have cousins”
TL: “Aku punya sepupu”
Datum 071 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance applied
transposition techniques in the word ‘Cousins’ which translated into ‘sepupu’.
c. Expressive utterance
096/KFP3/00:54:22
Context: Po was angry with his father, because of him Po left his friends unprotected.
SL: “I left my friends unprotected”
TL: “Kutinggalkan temanku tanpa penjagaan”
Datum 096 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance applied transposition
techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘friends’ was translated into ‘temanku’.
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2.
Translation Accuracy
From 151 data, There are 117 (89, 60%) data were translated accurate and There
are 34 (10, 40%) data were less accurate. Here are the examples of accurate and less
accurate data:
1.
Accurate
a.
Established Equivalent
009/KFP3/00:06:04
SL: “Your final...? wait I didn’t know even you were sick?”
TL: “Kelas Terakhir..? Tunggu! Aku tak tahu Guru sakit?”
As can be seen from the example above, it can be said established equivalent
was applied so much on Po’s translation utterance. The use of established equivalent
was applied in the rank of words. The words in data 009/KFP3/00:06:04 ‘final’,
‘wait’, ‘didn’t’, ‘know’, ‘sick’ was translated into ‘tunggu’, ‘tak’, i ‘tahu’, ‘terakhir’,
was translated into ‘sakit’
b. Variation
033/KFP3/00:16:51
SL: “I can’t believe you’re alive”
TL: “Aku tak percaya kau masih hidup”
As can be seen from data above, it can be seen that variation techniques make
this translation is accurate and was applied in the form of words. Therefore, the words
in datum 033/KFP3/00:16:51‘I’, ‘you’ was translated into ‘aku’, ‘kau’
c.
Pure Borrowing
035/KFP3/00:17:21
SL: “Oh dad, come say hi to...”
TL: “Oh, Ayah perkenalkan dia.....”
From the example data above, pure borrowing was applied in utterances
translation and it only focused translate the proper name. Proper name here is not
change because the translator intended to maintain the name as in source language.
Therefore, reduction techniques applied in the form of word and phrase. The word
in datum 035/KFP3/00:17:21‘oh’ was translated into ‘oh’. Pure borrowing
techniques make this translation utterance is accurate. Hence, the translator wanted
to keep the originality of the story in the movie, so that all the proper name in the
movie was borrowed in the target language.
d. Explicitation
040/KFP3/00:18:52
SL: “you..gotta you have no idea There’s so much to show you”
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TL: “Ayah tak tahu ada banyak yang mau kutunjukkan”
In the example data above, explicitation techniques applied in Po’s utterances
and only focused in translating the words in datum 040/KFP3/00:18:52 ‘you’ was
translated into ‘ayah’. Therefore, explicitation techniques make this translation
utterance is accurate.
e.
Naturalized Borrowing
013/KFP3/00:07:39
SL: “Poison, Technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
The examples above, the use of naturalized borrowing techniques to
naturalize the words from source language to target language. It is applied in datum
013/KFP3/00:07:39 ‘technique’ was translated into ‘teknik’. The use of naturalized
borrowing make this translation is accurate because There is no exact word to replace
those words.
f.
Addition
020/KFP3/00:10:40
SL: “What’s chi?
TL: “Apa chi itu?
Those are the example of addition techniques. Addition techniques applied in
the rank of words, to add the information without changing the message from source
language to target language. Therefore, make this translation is accurate. Addition
techniques applied in datum 020/KFP3/00:10:40 in the word ‘itu’.
2. Less Accurate
a.
Literal
005/KFP3/00:05:22
SL: “you guys never underestimate the power of a dramatic entrance”
TL: “Jangan pernah meremehkan kekuatan kedatangan dramatis”
From the example of data above, literal techniques made this translation
utterance was less accurate. It can be seen the use of literal techniques on sentence
and phrase. The phrase in datum 005/KFP3/00:05:22 ‘dramatic entrance’ was
translated into ‘kedatangan dramatis’ and it should be translated into ‘pertunjukkan
dramatis’. Literal techniques made the result of translation utterance was less
accurate because the message from source language is not delivered well into target
language.
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
40
b. Reduction
005/KFP3/00:05:22
SL: “You guys never underestimate the power of a dramatic entrance”
TL: “Jangan pernah meremehkan kekuatan kedatangan dramatis”
In the example data above, reduction always applied in the rank of word and
phrase. The applying reduction techniques in datum 005/KFP3/00:05:22 ‘you guys’
were deleted by the translator and it should be translated into ‘kalian’ as the subject
of the target language. The impact of reduction techniques is the translation utterance
becomes less accurate because the message is not fully transferred into target
language.
c.
Modulation
010/KFP3/00:06:25
SL: “Me? Teach? I mean why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to
do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus
dilakukan?
Modulation was less applied in this subtitle, because it only focused in
translating phrase in this utterance. The modulation techniques applied in the phrase
in datum 010/KFP3/00:06:25 ‘always telling everyone what to do’ was translated
into ‘yang tahu yang harus dilakukan’ and it should be translated into ‘yang selalu
memberi tahu kita apa yang harus dilakukan’.
d. Discursive Creation
011/KFP3/00:07:17
SL: “Ok, Ok let’s switch it up Monkey, immovable mountain stance”
TL: “Baik, mari ganti Monyet, Kuda-Kuda Gunung tak tergoyahkan”
In the example above, discursive creation applied in the form of words. In
this translation utterance, discursive creation makes the result of translation utterance
is less accurate. The word in datum 011/KFP3/00:07:17 in the word ‘monkey’ was
translated into ‘monyet’. The word ‘monyet’ it should be translated into ‘monkey’
because ‘monkey’ is the name of characters in this movie.
e.
Transposition
096/KFP3/00:54:22
SL: “I left my friends unprotected”
TL: “Kutinggalkan temanku tanpa penjagaan”
As can be seen from the example above, transposition technique also less applied in
Po’s utterances, because it only focused in translating words from plural into singular. The
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
41
words in datum 096/KFP3/00:54:22 in the word ‘friends’ was translated into ‘teman’.
Therefore, it makes the result of this translation utterance is less accurate because the word
‘teman’ it should be translated into ‘teman-teman’.
As can be seen from the findings above, there are four types of utterances are applied
in Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles. They were directive, representative, expressive, and
commisive. Hence, directive utterances were applied dominantly because the main character
as the superior in this movie.
There are 11 techniques applied, they were established equivalent, literal, variation,
reduction, pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing, addition, explicitation, modulation,
discursive creation and transposition. The result of study shows that the most dominant
techniques applied is literal which focused on expressive utterances. The differences
between the previous and the writer is the dominant techniques applied and type of
utterances. The writer’s finding shows that the most dominant technique is established
equivalent which focused on all of the main character utterances.
Established equivalent were applied most and it showed high accuracy in translating
this utterance while it has already accurate in target language. Established equivalent was
applied in the rank of words. Therefore, literal always applied in the rank of phrase and
sentence, the use of literal make the translation utterance is less accurate because the message
from source language is not delivered well into target language. So, variation applied so
much in the rank of words as like ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘me’ it was translated into ‘aku’,’kau’, ‘ku’, and
make this translation was accurate. Pure borrowing was applied in translation utterance,
because it only focused to translate the proper name. Proper name here does not change in
target language because the translator intended to maintane the name as in source language.
Therefore, reduction techniques applied in the form of word and phrase. Reduction used to
delete unnecessary word or phrase in source language to target language.
Modulation techniques less applied, because modulation techniques only translated
phrase and sentence. Modulation used to change the point of view from source language to
target language. Thus, Addition techniques applied in the rank of words. To add the
information without changing the message from SL into TL and make the result of
translation utterance is accurate. Explicitation techniques less applied in Po’s utterances,
because it only focused on translating the words as like ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’ or
‘guru’ and showed high accuracy. Hence, naturalized borrowing only focused to translate
words. The naturalized borrowing technique uses to naturalize the source language into
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
42
target language. Discursive creation applied in the form of words. It makes the translation
utterance less accurate because the translator made creation to translate the SL into TL. The
last is transposition technique also less applied in Po’s utterances, because it only focused in
translating words from plural into singular. It made the result of translation was less accurate
because it changes the grammatical category.
The frequency of translation techniques applied in Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles On
Po’s Utterances. Based on the data, there are 11 techniques applied in this movie subtitles
with the frequency 596 times. They were established equivalent 327 times (52,88%), literal
50 times (10,58%), variation 73 times (12,25%), pure borrowing 45times (7,55%), reduction
20 times (4,87%), addition 25 times (4,19%), modulation 16 times (2,68%), explicitation 15
times (2,52%), naturalized borrowing 10 times (1,68%), discursive creation and
transposition twice (0,33%). From 151 data, the accuracy of translation techniques in Kung
Fu Panda 3 Subtitles is totally accurate with the total score 27,78%. There are 117 (89,60%)
data translated accurately and 34 (10,40%) data is less accurate. The translation utterance
was accurate because the whole of the source language text is fully conveyed into the target
language without any distortion. The translation utterance is less accurate because the
message of the source language is translated accurately but there are still some parts not
accurately
IV.
CONCLUSION
Several findings and discussion of analysis have been provided in the previous
chapter. From the research result, it can be concluded that there are eleven translation
techniques applied in translating Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles On Po’s utterances. They are
established equivalent 327 times (52,88%), literal 50 times (10,58%), variation 73 times
(12,25%), pure borrowing 45 times (7,55%), reduction 20 times (4,87%), addition 25 times
(4,19%), modulation 16 times (2,68%), explicitation 15 times (2,52%), naturalized
borrowing 9 times (1,68%), discursive creation and transposition only twice (0,33%). The
dominant technique applied is established equivalent. It was applied in translating the words
in source language to get the equivalence in the target language. Therefore, the littlest
techniques applied are discursive creation and transposition. The analysis of translation
quality of this subtitles movie brought to accurate translation with the total score 27,78 %.
The accuracy number shows that 117 data (89, 60%) were accurate translation and 34 (10,
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
43
40%) data were less accurate translation. The translation utterances were translated
accurately because the whole of the source language text is fully conveyed into the target
language without any distortion. The translation utterance was less accurate because the
message of the source language was translated accurately but there are still some parts not
accurately translated into target language.
REFERENCES
Bogucki, L. 2013. Areas and Methods of Audiovisual Translation Research. England: Peter
Lang. Accessed on 16 January 2017 at 07.30 pm
Creswell, J.C. 2014. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods
Approaches 4th. ed. Los Angeles: University of Nebraska. Accessed on 09
November 2016 at 08.00 pm
Fitriana, I. 2014. Analisis Teknik dan Kualitas Terjemahan Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Dalam
Novel Stealing Home (Hati yang Terenggut) karya Sherryl Woods. Unpublished
Thesis. Semarang: University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Retrieved on 31 October
2016 at 07.30 pm
George, Y. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: University Press. Accessed on 30 October 2016 at
07.30 pm
Molina, L & Albir, A.H. 2002. Translation Technique Revisited: Adynamic and
Functionalist Approach. Meta: journal des traductteurs/ Meta: Translator’s
Journal. (Online) Meta, Vol. XLVII, No. 4. 499-512. Accessed on 25 November
2016 at 09.20 pm
Nababan et All. 2012. Pengembangan Model Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan. Journal.
(Online). Vol. 24, No. 1. 39-57. Semarang: University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Accessed on 05 December 2016 on 05.26 am.
Newmark, P. 1988. A Text Book of Translation. London: Prentice- Hall.
International
Oktavia, Deviana. 2016. Translation Analysis of Interogative Utterances in Twilight Saga
New Moon Film Subtitle. Semarang: University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Retrieved on 10 November 2016 at 07.45 pm
Internet Resources
https://www.subsmovies.com. Accessed on 15 October 2016 at 10.00 pm
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
44
IN KUNG FU PANDA 3 SUBTITLES
(Pragmatic Approach)
Zakiyatul Azizah1, Irta Fitriana2
1
Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul ‘Ulum Jombang
[email protected]
2
Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul ‘Ulum Jombang
[email protected]
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tentang teknik terjemahan yang diterapkan dalam
Tuturan Po Pada Sub-Judul Kung Fu Panda 3 dengan pendekatan pragmatik.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi teknik terjemahan yang
paling banyak digunakan, (2) mengevaluasi hasil ideologi. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah SubJudul Kung Fu Panda 3 dan hanya fokus pada tuturan Po. Po adalah tokoh utama
dalam film ini. Ada 151 tuturan Po yang digunakan sebagai data. Sub-judul
tuturan Po dianalisis dengan teknik terjemahan oleh Molina & Albir (2002). Dan,
metode penilaian kualitas hasil terjemahan oleh Nababan dll (2012) dan
difokuskan pada keakuratannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada 11 teknik
yang diterapkan dalam Sub-Judul Kung Fu Panda 3 Pada Tuturan Po. Yaitu,
kesepadanan lazim 327 kali (52,88%), harfiah 50 kali (12,58%), variasi 73 kali
(12,25%), peminjaman murni 45 kali (7,55%), reduksi 20 kali (4,87%),
penambahan 25 kali (4,19%), modulasi 16 kali (2,68%), eksplisitasi 15 kali
(2,52%), peminjaman alamiah 9 kali (1,68%), kreasi diskursif dan transposisi dua
kali (0,33%).
Kata kunci: Teknik Terjemahan, Tuturan, Kung Fu Panda 3
I.
INTRODUCTION
Kung Fu Panda 3 is an interesting object to be analyzed. Since the movie had been
translated into some languages such us; Mandarin, English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch,
Italian, Spanish, Croatian, Turkish, Vietnam, Hungarian, and Bahasa Indonesia and etc
(https://www.subsmovies.com). In this case, the study has chosen Indonesian version as the
main focus of the study, because it was conducted in Indonesian. Hence, it would be
necessary to conduct the study in the case of translation techniques to enrich more knowledge
in the translation theories.
Bahasa Indonesia used in the data of study was translated by Ibrakhim (2016) where
in his translation, it can be found many translation techniques used as like Established
Equivalent, Variation, Literal, Natural Borrowing, Pure Borrowing, and Reduction. In the
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
26
movie, the translation is the form of subtitle. Bogucki (2013:36) states that subtitles is a part
of the screen and may obscure important visual clues, thus contaminating the visual channel.
It can be simplified that subtitle is the text down in the movie. Therefore, it is very important
to analyze kinds of translation techniques related to the utterances used by the main
character in the movie.
The dialogue presented by the movie characters is in the form of utterances.
According to Akmajian et all (2010: 396) utterance is simply act of uttering sounds,
syllables, words, phrases, and sentences from a language. There are five kinds of utterances
according to Yule (1996:52-54) they are Declaratives, Representatives, Expressives,
Directives and Commisives. Here, the examples of utterances found in Kung Fu Panda 3
movie:
1.
009/KFP3/00:06:04
SL: “Your final...? wait, I didn’t even know you were sick”
TL: “Kelas Terakhir? Aku tak tahu Guru sakit”
This is the conversation between Po and Master Shifu. Po was surprised by Master
Shifu because he did not want to teach Po anymore. This conversation refers to
Expressives utterances. It shows that Po regrets because he did not know even Master
Shifu was sick. This translated version is accurate because between Po and Master Shifu
understand each other.
2.
013/KFP3/00:07:39
SL: “Poison, technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
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27
In this case, Po talking to Tigress. In this situation Po got Tigrees to use stance a
poison, technique to passed training area in front of him. This conversation refers to
Directives utterances. It can be seen that Po suggested Tigress use stance a poison, technique
in order he did not get injured. This translated is less accurate because Tigress did not
understand what did Po say. And finally, Tigress used another technique to passed the area
in front of him and he got injured.
This research is about the translation quality and the translation techniques of the
utterances used by the main character in Kung Fu Panda 3 movie subtitles. Newmark
(1988:5) states that “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in
the way that the author intended the text”. Thus, translation is the interpretation from Source
Language (SL) to Target Language (TL) to get the equivalent in the target language.
There are some previous studies that relevance to this study. The first study was
conducted by Irta Fitriana (2014), the students of Sebelas Maret University. She wrote a
study entitled “Analisis Teknik dan Kualitas Terjemahan Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Dalam
Novel Stealing Home (Hati yang Terenggut) karya Sherryl Woods. The second study was
proposed by Deviana Oktavia Rachmawati (2016), the students of Sebelas Maret University.
She examined a research entitled “Translation Analysis of Interrogative Utterances in
Twilight Saga: New Moon Film Subtitle”. Both of those researcher were analyzed about the
techniques of translation with a romance genre but it is different in the scope limitation and
object of the study. Here, the researcher found two research gaps that are to enlarge the scope
of limitation and the object of the study. In the study, it focused on all kinds of utterances of
the main character in the movie with the genre, comedy.
From the statement above, the writer interested to investigate the translation techniques
proposed by Molina and Albir (2002: 509), and the translation quality proposed by Nababan
(2012: 44). This research focused on the kinds of utterances used by the main character in
the Kung Fu Panda 3 movie. The kinds of utterances are declaratives, representatives,
directives, expressives, and commissives. Besides, the quality of assessment only focused
on the accuracy of the translation. Therefore, this study will analyze all types of utterances
used in Kung Fu Panda 3 movie.
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
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II.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study applies descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research defines as the
inquirer seeks to examine an issue related to oression of individuals and the stories are
collected of individual oppression using a narrative approach. Individuals are interviewed at
some length to determine how they have personally experienced oppression, Creswell
(2014:48). Source of data of time research is Kung Fu Panda 3 movie. The data are Po’s
utterances which have taken from Kung Fu Panda movie in form of sentences. Po is the
main character of this movie.
III.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
There are 151 utterances taken as the data for this research. It was found eleven
translation techniques to translate the movie subtitle. Here is the translation techniques
applied:
Table The Total Frequency Used of Translation Techniques
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Technique
Established Equivalent
Variation
Literal
Pure Borrowing
Addition
Naturalized Borrowing
Explicitation
Discursive Creation
Transposition
Modulation
Reduction
Total
Amount
327
73
50
45
25
9
15
2
2
16
29
596
Percentage
52,88%
12,25%
10,58%
7,55%
4,19%
1,68%
2,52%
0,33%
0,33%
2,68%
4,87%
100%
1. Established Equivalent
Established equivalent is to use a term or expression it has been recognized (by
dictionaries of language in use) as an equivalent in the TL. There are 327 (52,88%)
established equivalent techniques applied in translating the utterances, Here are the
examples of data:
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
29
a. Directive Utterances
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occurred between Po and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked some
foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech acts that
speakers use to get someone else to do something (Yule, 1996:54). This translation
utterance was translated using established equivalent techniques. It can be seen from the
words ‘will’, ‘two’ was translated into ‘mau’ and ‘dua’.
b. Representative utterance
015/KFP3/00:08:27
Context: This conversation occured, when Po lied if he did not hear ducks conversation
that passed beside him.
SL: “I didn’t hear anything”
TL:“Aku tak dengar apapun”
Datum 039 is representative utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act
that state the speakers believes to be case or not (Yule, 1996:53). As seen in the example
above, this translation utterance was translated using established equivalent technique. It
can be seen from the words ‘didn’t, ‘hear’, ‘tak’, ‘anything’ was translated into ‘tak’,
‘dengar’, ‘apapun’.
c.
Expressive utterance
009/KFP3/00:06:04
Context: In this case, Po was shocked because Master Shifu said that day would be his
final class. Po was sad because he did not even know that Master Shifu was sick.
SL: “Your final...? wait! I didn’t know even you were sick!”
TL: “Kelas terakhir...? Tunggu! Aku tak tahu Guru sakit!”
Datum 009 shows expressive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act that
state what the speaker feels (Yule, 1996:53). This translation utterance was translated
using established equivalent. It can be seen from the words ‘final’ ‘wait’, ‘didn’t’,
‘know’,‘sick’ was translated into ‘terakhir’, tunggu’, ‘tak’, ‘tahu’ ‘sakit’.
d. Commisive utterance
079/KFP3/00:40:45
Context: Po believed that he could make the flower bloom”
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SL: “Alright flower, i’m gonna make you bloom”
TL: “Baiklah bunga, akan kubuat mekar”
Datum 079 shows commisive utterances. It means that those are kinds of speech act that
speakers use to commit themselves some future action (Yule, 1996:54). This translation
utterance was translated using established equivalent techniques. It was applied in the
words ‘alright’, ‘flower’, ‘gonna’, ‘make’,‘bloom’ was translated into ‘baiklah’, ‘bunga’,
‘akan’, ‘buat’ ‘mekar’.
Literal
Literal translation is to translate a word or an expression word for word but still
needs to be shifted in TL. Here are the examples of data:
a.
Directive utterance
001/ KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters,Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 is categorized directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated
using literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘justice platters’ was translated
into ‘dua porsi keadilan’.
b. Representative utterance
046/KFP3/00:19:53
Context: Po told his father about Master Ram’s crossbrow.
SL: “Master Ram’s crossbrow the infinite gates smasher”
TL: “Busur Guru Ram senjata Penghancur Gerbang”
Datum 046 is representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘the infinite gates smasher was
translated into ‘senjata penghancur gerbang.
c.
Expressive utterance
007/ KFP3/00:05:58
Context: Po was happy because Master Shifu showed him the great dramatic entrance.
SL: “Whoa, nice dramatic entrance”
TL: “Whoa, kedatangan dramatis nan keren”
Datum 005 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
literal techniques. It can be seen from the phrase ‘nice dramatic entrance’ was translated
into ‘kedatangan dramatis nan keren’.
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2. Variation
Variation is to change linguistic or paralinguistic elements (or in a particular
gestures) that affect aspect of linguistic variation: changes of textual tone, style, social
dialect, geographical dialect, etc, for example to introduce or change dialectal indicators
for characters when translating for the theater, changes in tone when adapting novels for
children, etc. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
003/KFP3/00:04:55
Context: This conversation occured, when Po offered extra sauce to Tigress.
SL: “Did you want extra sauce with that?”
TL: “Apa kau mau tambahan saus”
Datum 003 is directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘kau’.
b. Representative utterance
036/KFP3/00:17:24
Context: Po was confused to call the name of his biological father.
SL: “I don’t know what i’m supposed to call you”
TL: “Um, aku tak tahu, harus memanggilmu apa”
Datum 036 is representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques was applied in the word ‘I’, ‘you’ was translated into ‘aku’, and ‘mu’
c.
Expressive utterance
033/KFP3/00:16:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and Li Shan said good bye to each other.
But suddenly they were shocked, because they were father and son and finally they found
their happines to realize that.
SL: “I can’t believe you’re alive”
TL: “Aku tak percaya kau masih hidup”
Datum 033 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘I’, ‘You’ was translated into ‘Aku’,
‘Kau’.
d.
Commisive utterance
028/KFP3/00:15:18
Context: Po should defend his tittle as the winner of eating dumpling.
SL: “I have to defend my title”
TL: “Aku harus mempertahankan gelarku”
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Datum 065 is commisive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
variation techniques that applied in the words ‘I’, ‘my’ was translated into Aku’, ‘ku’.
3. Pure Borrowing
Pure Borrowing is a translation technique that completely takes the terms or words
directly from the source language without any changes into target language. There are 45 (7,
55%) data are used pure borrowing techniques. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
002/KFP3/00:04:55
Context: The context of situation while Po was talking to Mr. Ping. Po asked the spicy
noodle soup for Tigress.
SL: “Oh, the spicy noodle soup for Tigress”
TL: “Oh, dan mie kuah pedas untuk Tigress”
Datum 002 is directive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Tigress’ was translated into ‘Tigress’.
b. Representative utterance
022/KFP3/00:13:55
Context: Po talked to himself by taking a bath with his dolls.
SL: “Oh no he’s the Dragon teacher, yeah he’s so handsome”
TL: “Oh tidak, itu Guru Naga, ya dia sangat tampan”
Datum 022 is representative utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘oh’ was translated into ‘oh’.
c.
Expressive utterance
010/KFP3/00:06:25
Context: Po was surprised because Master Shifu asked him to take his position turn as a
teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “Me? Teach? I mean why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi Guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus dilakukan”
Datum 010 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Tigress’ was translated into ‘Tigress’.
d. Commisive utterance
098/KFP3/00:05:16
Context: Po would stay in Panda villages and fight the monster with his strenght.
SL: “I’m gonna stay and fight that monster”
TL: “Aku tetap disini dan melawan monster itu”
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Datum 098 is commisive utterances. This translation utterance used pure borrowing
techniques that applied in the word ‘Monster’ was translated into ‘Monster’.
5. Reduction
Reduction is to suppress a ST information item in the TT. It is in opposition to
amplification. There are 26 (4, 87%) data using reduction techniques. Here are the
examples:
a.
Directive utterance
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters, Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
reduction techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘please’ was deleted by the translator
in target language.
b. Representative utterance
036/ KFP3/00:17:24
Context: This conversation occurred, when Po was confused to call the name of his
biological father.
SL: “I don’t know what I’m supposed to call you”
TL: “Um, aku tak tahu, harus memanggilmu apa”
Datum 036 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance was translated
using reduction techniques. It can be seen from the words ‘I’m’, this word was deleted by
the translator.
c.
Expressive utterance
014/KFP3/00:07:59
Context: Po asked his friend, did they learn something when Po was taught Kung Fu.
SL: “Did you at least learn little something?”
TL: “Apa kalian mempelajari sesuatu?”
Datum 014 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance also used reduction
techniques that applied in the words ‘at least’ and ‘little’.
6.
Modulation
Modulation is to change the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to
the ST; it can be lexical or structural. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
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035/ KFP3/00:17:21
Context: Po wanted to meet his friends with his own father.
SL: “Oh, dad come say hi to...”
TL: “Oh, Ayah perkenalkan, dia..”
Datum 035 is directive utterances. This translation utterance also applied modulation
techniques in the phrase ‘come say hi to’ was translated into ‘perkenalkan’.
b.
Representative utterance
021/ KFP3/00:11:17
Context: This conversation occured when Po wanted to be a teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “There is no way I’m ever gonna be like you”
TL: “Jadi Guru? Tak mungkin aku bisa jadi sepertimu?”
Datum 021 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also applied
modulation techniques in the phrase ‘There is no way’ was translated into ‘Tak mungkin’.
c.
Expressive utterance
010/ KFP3/00:06:25
Context: Po was surprised because Master Shifu asked him to take his position turn as a
teacher of Kung Fu.
SL: “Me? Teach” why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi Guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus dilakukan”
Datum 010 shows expressive utterances. Modulation techniques have been applied in the
phrase of ‘always telling everyone what to do’ was translated into ‘yang tahu yang harus
dilakukan’.
7.
Addition
Addition is to introduce details that are not formulated in the ST: information and
explicative paraphrasing. There are 25 (4, 19%) data using addition techniques. Here are
the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
002/KFP3/002:04:55
Context: Po asked his father spicy noodle soup for Tigress
SL: “Oh, the spicy noodle soup for Tigress”
TL: “Oh, dan mie kuah pedas untuk Tigress”
Datum 002 is directive utterances. As can be seen in the example above this translation
utterance also applied addition techniques in the word ‘dan’.
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b.
Representative utterance
026/ KFP3/00:14:36
Context: Po told his father (Mr.Ping) that he had a problem.
SL: “Ok yes, something’s wrong”
TL: “Baik, ya, aku dapat masalah”
Datum 026 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also used an
addition technique that was added in the word ‘aku’.
c.
Expressive utterance
008/ KFP3/00:06:00
Context: This conversation occurred, when Po asked Master Shifu, why he showed them
the great dramatic entrance.
SL: “What’s the occasion?”
TL: “Ada acara apa ini?”
Datum 008 is categorized expressive utterances. This translation utterance was applied
addition techniques in the words ‘ini’. In this case the word ‘ini’ was added by the
translator to add the information from SL to TL.
8.
Explicitation
Explicitation is to introduce a ST element or information or stylistic effect in
another place in the TT because it cannot be reflected in the same place as in the ST.
There are 15 (2, 52%) data using explicitation techniques. Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
057/KFP3/00:23:15
Context: Po asked his father to see Dragon Warrior.
SL: “now you can see what being the Dragon Warrior is all about”
TL: “sekarang Ayah bisa melihat kemampuan ksatria naga”
Datum 041 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance applied explicitation
techniques in the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’.
b.
Representative utterance
018/ KFP3/00:09:29
Context: This conversation occured between Po and Master Shifu. Master Shifu asked Po
who is really Po.
SL: “What do you...? of course I do I’m the Dragon Warrior”
TL: “Apa yang Guru...? Tentu aku tahu Akulah Ksatria Naga!”
Datum 018 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance also applied
explicitation techniques in the word ‘You’ was translated into ‘Guru’.
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c.
Expressive utterance
040/KFP3/00:18:52
Context: Po was happy because he would show many things to his father.
SL: “you gotta you have no idea There’s so much to show you”
TL: “Ayah tak tahu ada banyak hal yang mau kutunjukkan”
Datum 040 shows expressive utterances. This translation utterance applied explicitation
techniques in the word ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’.
9.
Naturalized Borrowing
Naturalized Borrowing is a translation technique that takes directly the terms or
the words from the source language by naturalizing the spelling into target language.
There are 9 (1, 68%) data using naturalized borrowing techniques, Here are the examples:
a.
Directive utterance
013/ KFP3/00:07:39
Context: Po commanded Tigress to used Poison technique to passed the arena training in
front of him.
SL: “Poison, Technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
Datum 013 is categorized directive utterances. This translation utterance technique
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘Technique’ was translated into
‘Teknik’.
b.
Representative utterance
043/KFP3/00:19:23
Context: Po told his father, home artifacts is the most important in China.
SL: “Home of the most priceless kung fu artifacts in all of China”
TL: “Rumah artefak kung fu yang sangat berharga dari seluruh China”
Datum 043 Datum 013 is categorized representative utterances. This translation utterance
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘artifact’ was translated into
‘artifak’.
c.
Expressive utterance
093/KFP3/00:53:22
Context: Po was angry and asked his father to teach him about master chi.
SL: “You need to teach me the secret chi technique now”
TL: “Ayah harus mengajariku rahasia teknik chi sekarang”
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Datum 056 Datum 013 is categorized expressive utterances. This translation utterance
applied naturalized borrowing techniques in the word ‘technique’ was translated into
‘teknik’.
10.
Discursive Creation
Discursive Creation is to establish a temporary equivalence that is totally
unpredictable out of context. There are two (0, 33%) data using discursive creation that
have been applied. Here is the example:
a. Directive utterance
001/KFP3/00:04:51
Context: This conversation occured between Po and and his father (Mr. Ping). Po asked
some foods to Mr. Ping for him and his friends in his father’s restaurant.
SL: “We’ll have two Justice Platters,Please”
TL: “Aku mau pesan dua porsi besar keadilan”
Datum 001 shows directive utterances. This translation utterance was translated using
discursive creation techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘we’ was translated into
‘aku’.
11.
Transposition
Transposition is to change a grammatical category. There are two (0, 33%) using
transposition techniques. Here is the example:
b.
Directive utterance
071/KFP3/00:34:20
Context: Po was so happy, turn out him also had a cousin in secret Panda village.
SL: “I have cousins”
TL: “Aku punya sepupu”
Datum 071 shows representative utterances. This translation utterance applied
transposition techniques in the word ‘Cousins’ which translated into ‘sepupu’.
c. Expressive utterance
096/KFP3/00:54:22
Context: Po was angry with his father, because of him Po left his friends unprotected.
SL: “I left my friends unprotected”
TL: “Kutinggalkan temanku tanpa penjagaan”
Datum 096 is expressive utterances. This translation utterance applied transposition
techniques. It can be seen from the word ‘friends’ was translated into ‘temanku’.
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2.
Translation Accuracy
From 151 data, There are 117 (89, 60%) data were translated accurate and There
are 34 (10, 40%) data were less accurate. Here are the examples of accurate and less
accurate data:
1.
Accurate
a.
Established Equivalent
009/KFP3/00:06:04
SL: “Your final...? wait I didn’t know even you were sick?”
TL: “Kelas Terakhir..? Tunggu! Aku tak tahu Guru sakit?”
As can be seen from the example above, it can be said established equivalent
was applied so much on Po’s translation utterance. The use of established equivalent
was applied in the rank of words. The words in data 009/KFP3/00:06:04 ‘final’,
‘wait’, ‘didn’t’, ‘know’, ‘sick’ was translated into ‘tunggu’, ‘tak’, i ‘tahu’, ‘terakhir’,
was translated into ‘sakit’
b. Variation
033/KFP3/00:16:51
SL: “I can’t believe you’re alive”
TL: “Aku tak percaya kau masih hidup”
As can be seen from data above, it can be seen that variation techniques make
this translation is accurate and was applied in the form of words. Therefore, the words
in datum 033/KFP3/00:16:51‘I’, ‘you’ was translated into ‘aku’, ‘kau’
c.
Pure Borrowing
035/KFP3/00:17:21
SL: “Oh dad, come say hi to...”
TL: “Oh, Ayah perkenalkan dia.....”
From the example data above, pure borrowing was applied in utterances
translation and it only focused translate the proper name. Proper name here is not
change because the translator intended to maintain the name as in source language.
Therefore, reduction techniques applied in the form of word and phrase. The word
in datum 035/KFP3/00:17:21‘oh’ was translated into ‘oh’. Pure borrowing
techniques make this translation utterance is accurate. Hence, the translator wanted
to keep the originality of the story in the movie, so that all the proper name in the
movie was borrowed in the target language.
d. Explicitation
040/KFP3/00:18:52
SL: “you..gotta you have no idea There’s so much to show you”
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TL: “Ayah tak tahu ada banyak yang mau kutunjukkan”
In the example data above, explicitation techniques applied in Po’s utterances
and only focused in translating the words in datum 040/KFP3/00:18:52 ‘you’ was
translated into ‘ayah’. Therefore, explicitation techniques make this translation
utterance is accurate.
e.
Naturalized Borrowing
013/KFP3/00:07:39
SL: “Poison, Technique”
TL: “Racun, Teknik”
The examples above, the use of naturalized borrowing techniques to
naturalize the words from source language to target language. It is applied in datum
013/KFP3/00:07:39 ‘technique’ was translated into ‘teknik’. The use of naturalized
borrowing make this translation is accurate because There is no exact word to replace
those words.
f.
Addition
020/KFP3/00:10:40
SL: “What’s chi?
TL: “Apa chi itu?
Those are the example of addition techniques. Addition techniques applied in
the rank of words, to add the information without changing the message from source
language to target language. Therefore, make this translation is accurate. Addition
techniques applied in datum 020/KFP3/00:10:40 in the word ‘itu’.
2. Less Accurate
a.
Literal
005/KFP3/00:05:22
SL: “you guys never underestimate the power of a dramatic entrance”
TL: “Jangan pernah meremehkan kekuatan kedatangan dramatis”
From the example of data above, literal techniques made this translation
utterance was less accurate. It can be seen the use of literal techniques on sentence
and phrase. The phrase in datum 005/KFP3/00:05:22 ‘dramatic entrance’ was
translated into ‘kedatangan dramatis’ and it should be translated into ‘pertunjukkan
dramatis’. Literal techniques made the result of translation utterance was less
accurate because the message from source language is not delivered well into target
language.
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b. Reduction
005/KFP3/00:05:22
SL: “You guys never underestimate the power of a dramatic entrance”
TL: “Jangan pernah meremehkan kekuatan kedatangan dramatis”
In the example data above, reduction always applied in the rank of word and
phrase. The applying reduction techniques in datum 005/KFP3/00:05:22 ‘you guys’
were deleted by the translator and it should be translated into ‘kalian’ as the subject
of the target language. The impact of reduction techniques is the translation utterance
becomes less accurate because the message is not fully transferred into target
language.
c.
Modulation
010/KFP3/00:06:25
SL: “Me? Teach? I mean why not Tigress? She’s always telling everyone what to
do”
TL: “Aku? Jadi guru? Mengapa bukan Tigress? Dia yang tahu yang harus
dilakukan?
Modulation was less applied in this subtitle, because it only focused in
translating phrase in this utterance. The modulation techniques applied in the phrase
in datum 010/KFP3/00:06:25 ‘always telling everyone what to do’ was translated
into ‘yang tahu yang harus dilakukan’ and it should be translated into ‘yang selalu
memberi tahu kita apa yang harus dilakukan’.
d. Discursive Creation
011/KFP3/00:07:17
SL: “Ok, Ok let’s switch it up Monkey, immovable mountain stance”
TL: “Baik, mari ganti Monyet, Kuda-Kuda Gunung tak tergoyahkan”
In the example above, discursive creation applied in the form of words. In
this translation utterance, discursive creation makes the result of translation utterance
is less accurate. The word in datum 011/KFP3/00:07:17 in the word ‘monkey’ was
translated into ‘monyet’. The word ‘monyet’ it should be translated into ‘monkey’
because ‘monkey’ is the name of characters in this movie.
e.
Transposition
096/KFP3/00:54:22
SL: “I left my friends unprotected”
TL: “Kutinggalkan temanku tanpa penjagaan”
As can be seen from the example above, transposition technique also less applied in
Po’s utterances, because it only focused in translating words from plural into singular. The
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words in datum 096/KFP3/00:54:22 in the word ‘friends’ was translated into ‘teman’.
Therefore, it makes the result of this translation utterance is less accurate because the word
‘teman’ it should be translated into ‘teman-teman’.
As can be seen from the findings above, there are four types of utterances are applied
in Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles. They were directive, representative, expressive, and
commisive. Hence, directive utterances were applied dominantly because the main character
as the superior in this movie.
There are 11 techniques applied, they were established equivalent, literal, variation,
reduction, pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing, addition, explicitation, modulation,
discursive creation and transposition. The result of study shows that the most dominant
techniques applied is literal which focused on expressive utterances. The differences
between the previous and the writer is the dominant techniques applied and type of
utterances. The writer’s finding shows that the most dominant technique is established
equivalent which focused on all of the main character utterances.
Established equivalent were applied most and it showed high accuracy in translating
this utterance while it has already accurate in target language. Established equivalent was
applied in the rank of words. Therefore, literal always applied in the rank of phrase and
sentence, the use of literal make the translation utterance is less accurate because the message
from source language is not delivered well into target language. So, variation applied so
much in the rank of words as like ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘me’ it was translated into ‘aku’,’kau’, ‘ku’, and
make this translation was accurate. Pure borrowing was applied in translation utterance,
because it only focused to translate the proper name. Proper name here does not change in
target language because the translator intended to maintane the name as in source language.
Therefore, reduction techniques applied in the form of word and phrase. Reduction used to
delete unnecessary word or phrase in source language to target language.
Modulation techniques less applied, because modulation techniques only translated
phrase and sentence. Modulation used to change the point of view from source language to
target language. Thus, Addition techniques applied in the rank of words. To add the
information without changing the message from SL into TL and make the result of
translation utterance is accurate. Explicitation techniques less applied in Po’s utterances,
because it only focused on translating the words as like ‘you’ was translated into ‘ayah’ or
‘guru’ and showed high accuracy. Hence, naturalized borrowing only focused to translate
words. The naturalized borrowing technique uses to naturalize the source language into
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42
target language. Discursive creation applied in the form of words. It makes the translation
utterance less accurate because the translator made creation to translate the SL into TL. The
last is transposition technique also less applied in Po’s utterances, because it only focused in
translating words from plural into singular. It made the result of translation was less accurate
because it changes the grammatical category.
The frequency of translation techniques applied in Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles On
Po’s Utterances. Based on the data, there are 11 techniques applied in this movie subtitles
with the frequency 596 times. They were established equivalent 327 times (52,88%), literal
50 times (10,58%), variation 73 times (12,25%), pure borrowing 45times (7,55%), reduction
20 times (4,87%), addition 25 times (4,19%), modulation 16 times (2,68%), explicitation 15
times (2,52%), naturalized borrowing 10 times (1,68%), discursive creation and
transposition twice (0,33%). From 151 data, the accuracy of translation techniques in Kung
Fu Panda 3 Subtitles is totally accurate with the total score 27,78%. There are 117 (89,60%)
data translated accurately and 34 (10,40%) data is less accurate. The translation utterance
was accurate because the whole of the source language text is fully conveyed into the target
language without any distortion. The translation utterance is less accurate because the
message of the source language is translated accurately but there are still some parts not
accurately
IV.
CONCLUSION
Several findings and discussion of analysis have been provided in the previous
chapter. From the research result, it can be concluded that there are eleven translation
techniques applied in translating Kung Fu Panda 3 Subtitles On Po’s utterances. They are
established equivalent 327 times (52,88%), literal 50 times (10,58%), variation 73 times
(12,25%), pure borrowing 45 times (7,55%), reduction 20 times (4,87%), addition 25 times
(4,19%), modulation 16 times (2,68%), explicitation 15 times (2,52%), naturalized
borrowing 9 times (1,68%), discursive creation and transposition only twice (0,33%). The
dominant technique applied is established equivalent. It was applied in translating the words
in source language to get the equivalence in the target language. Therefore, the littlest
techniques applied are discursive creation and transposition. The analysis of translation
quality of this subtitles movie brought to accurate translation with the total score 27,78 %.
The accuracy number shows that 117 data (89, 60%) were accurate translation and 34 (10,
Diglossia_ September 2017 (Vol 9 no 1)
43
40%) data were less accurate translation. The translation utterances were translated
accurately because the whole of the source language text is fully conveyed into the target
language without any distortion. The translation utterance was less accurate because the
message of the source language was translated accurately but there are still some parts not
accurately translated into target language.
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