S ING 0700351 Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ......................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ..................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Research Questions
4
1.3 Aims of the Study
5
1.4 Significance of Study
5
1.5 Research Methodology
6
1.6 Clarification of Key Terms
7
1.7 Organization of Paper
8
CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 News Discourse in Its Definitions
10
2.1.1 Difference between Discourse and Text
10
2.1.2 News as Part of Media Discourse
11
2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis: The In-depth Analysis of Discourse
13
2.3 Principles of CDA: Discourse as Social Practices
15
2.4 Discourse as Recontextualization of Social Practices
17
2.5 Representing Social Actions
20
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.6 News Discourse as the Analytical Field of Van Leeweun’s CDA
24
2.7 Current Studies on CDA
26
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Formulation of Problems
30
3.2 Research Design
30
3.3 Data Collection
31
3.4 Data Analysis
32
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings
37
4.1.1 Social Actors Represented on USA Today and Tripoli Post
37
4.1.2 Actions and Reactions
38
4.1.2.1 Material and Semiotic Actions
40
4.1.2.2 Transactive and Nontransactive Material and Semiotic Actions
43
4.1.2.3 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Action
45
4.1.3. Reactions: Cognitive, Affective and Perceptive
47
4.1.3.1 Affective Reactions
48
4.1.3.2 Perceptive Reactions
49
4.1.3.3 Cognitive Reactions
49
4.1.4 Transformations on Action and Reaction
4.1.4.1 Deactivation: Objectivation and Descriptivization
50
50
4.1.4.2 De-agentialization: Eventuation, Existentialization,
and Naturalization
53
4.1.4.3 Abstraction: Generalization and Distillation
55
4.1.4.4 Overdetermination: Symbolization and Inversion
57
4.1.5 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances
60
4.1.5.1 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on USA Today
60
4.1.5.2 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on Tripoli Post
63
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2 Discussions
69
4.2.1 Social Actors on online USA Today and Tripoli Post
from Viewpoints of Social Actions
70
4.2.2 The Distribution of the US Alliance’s Social Actions
and Their Transformations
73
4.2.3 The Tendency of Objectivation and Abstraction
on US Alliances
74
4.2.4 Media Discursive Strategy through Representation
of US Alliances on USA Today and Tripoli Post:
Legalization on War
75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
76
5.2 Suggestions
78
REFERENCES
79
APPENDICES
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
1. Table 2.1 Elements of Social Practices
19
2. Table 3.3 The Initial Analysis
36
3. Table 4.1 Source articles taken from online USA Today
38
4. Table 4.2 Source articles taken from online Tripoli Post
38
5. Table 4.3 Actions and reactions on USA Today’s articles
39
6. Table 4.4 Actions and reactions on Tripoli Post’s articles
39
7. Table 4.5 Materializations and Semioticizations
on USA Today’s articles
41
8. Table 4.6 Materializations and Semioticizations
on Tripoli Post’s articles
41
9. Table 4.7 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
43
10. Table 4.8 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
on Tripoli Post’s articles
43
11. Table 4.9 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
45
12. Table 4.10 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
46
13. Table 4.11 Affective Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
48
14. Table 4.12 Perceptive Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
49
15. Table 4.13 Cognitive Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
49
16. Table 4.14 Objectivations and Descriptivizations
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles
17. Table 4.15 Deagentializations on USA Today and Tripoli Post
51
55
18. Table 4.16 Generalizations and Distillations
on USA Today and Tripoli Post
56
19. Table 4.17 Symbolizations and Inversions
on USA Today and Tripoli Post
58
20. Table 4.18 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances
on USA Today
61
21. Table 4.19 Materializations and Semioticizations
Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today
61
22. Table 4.20 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today
62
23. Table 4.21 Transactive Actions Represented to the
US Alliances’ Social Actions on USA Today
62
24. Table 4.22 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances
on Tripoli Post
64
25. Table 4.23 Actions Embedded to the US Alliances
on Tripoli Post
64
26. Table 4.24 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post
65
27. Table 4.25 Transactive Actions Embedded to the
US Alliances on Tripoli Post
65
28. Table 4.26 Deactivation Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
66
29. Table 4.27 Deagentialization Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
68
30. Table 4.28 Abstraction Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
68
31. Table 4.29 Overdetermination Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
69
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Figure 2.1 Influence of discourse on practice
17
2. Figure 2.2 Social Actions Network
21
3. Figure 3.1 Selected research corpus
32
4. Figure 3.2 Detailed scheme on data analysis
34
5. Figure 4.1 Objectivation and its forms
51
6. Figure 4.2 Constitutions of an action that can be
abstracted through generalization
55
7. Figure 4.3 Types of Social Action and Their
Transformations on USA Today and Tripoli Post
59
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL ......................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ..................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Research Questions
4
1.3 Aims of the Study
5
1.4 Significance of Study
5
1.5 Research Methodology
6
1.6 Clarification of Key Terms
7
1.7 Organization of Paper
8
CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 News Discourse in Its Definitions
10
2.1.1 Difference between Discourse and Text
10
2.1.2 News as Part of Media Discourse
11
2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis: The In-depth Analysis of Discourse
13
2.3 Principles of CDA: Discourse as Social Practices
15
2.4 Discourse as Recontextualization of Social Practices
17
2.5 Representing Social Actions
20
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.6 News Discourse as the Analytical Field of Van Leeweun’s CDA
24
2.7 Current Studies on CDA
26
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Formulation of Problems
30
3.2 Research Design
30
3.3 Data Collection
31
3.4 Data Analysis
32
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings
37
4.1.1 Social Actors Represented on USA Today and Tripoli Post
37
4.1.2 Actions and Reactions
38
4.1.2.1 Material and Semiotic Actions
40
4.1.2.2 Transactive and Nontransactive Material and Semiotic Actions
43
4.1.2.3 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Action
45
4.1.3. Reactions: Cognitive, Affective and Perceptive
47
4.1.3.1 Affective Reactions
48
4.1.3.2 Perceptive Reactions
49
4.1.3.3 Cognitive Reactions
49
4.1.4 Transformations on Action and Reaction
4.1.4.1 Deactivation: Objectivation and Descriptivization
50
50
4.1.4.2 De-agentialization: Eventuation, Existentialization,
and Naturalization
53
4.1.4.3 Abstraction: Generalization and Distillation
55
4.1.4.4 Overdetermination: Symbolization and Inversion
57
4.1.5 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances
60
4.1.5.1 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on USA Today
60
4.1.5.2 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on Tripoli Post
63
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2 Discussions
69
4.2.1 Social Actors on online USA Today and Tripoli Post
from Viewpoints of Social Actions
70
4.2.2 The Distribution of the US Alliance’s Social Actions
and Their Transformations
73
4.2.3 The Tendency of Objectivation and Abstraction
on US Alliances
74
4.2.4 Media Discursive Strategy through Representation
of US Alliances on USA Today and Tripoli Post:
Legalization on War
75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
76
5.2 Suggestions
78
REFERENCES
79
APPENDICES
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
1. Table 2.1 Elements of Social Practices
19
2. Table 3.3 The Initial Analysis
36
3. Table 4.1 Source articles taken from online USA Today
38
4. Table 4.2 Source articles taken from online Tripoli Post
38
5. Table 4.3 Actions and reactions on USA Today’s articles
39
6. Table 4.4 Actions and reactions on Tripoli Post’s articles
39
7. Table 4.5 Materializations and Semioticizations
on USA Today’s articles
41
8. Table 4.6 Materializations and Semioticizations
on Tripoli Post’s articles
41
9. Table 4.7 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
43
10. Table 4.8 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
on Tripoli Post’s articles
43
11. Table 4.9 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
45
12. Table 4.10 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions
on USA Today’s articles
46
13. Table 4.11 Affective Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
48
14. Table 4.12 Perceptive Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
49
15. Table 4.13 Cognitive Reactions on USA Today
and Tripoli Post’s articles
49
16. Table 4.14 Objectivations and Descriptivizations
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles
17. Table 4.15 Deagentializations on USA Today and Tripoli Post
51
55
18. Table 4.16 Generalizations and Distillations
on USA Today and Tripoli Post
56
19. Table 4.17 Symbolizations and Inversions
on USA Today and Tripoli Post
58
20. Table 4.18 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances
on USA Today
61
21. Table 4.19 Materializations and Semioticizations
Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today
61
22. Table 4.20 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today
62
23. Table 4.21 Transactive Actions Represented to the
US Alliances’ Social Actions on USA Today
62
24. Table 4.22 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances
on Tripoli Post
64
25. Table 4.23 Actions Embedded to the US Alliances
on Tripoli Post
64
26. Table 4.24 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions
Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post
65
27. Table 4.25 Transactive Actions Embedded to the
US Alliances on Tripoli Post
65
28. Table 4.26 Deactivation Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
66
29. Table 4.27 Deagentialization Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
68
30. Table 4.28 Abstraction Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
68
31. Table 4.29 Overdetermination Represented to the US Alliances’
Social Actions
69
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Figure 2.1 Influence of discourse on practice
17
2. Figure 2.2 Social Actions Network
21
3. Figure 3.1 Selected research corpus
32
4. Figure 3.2 Detailed scheme on data analysis
34
5. Figure 4.1 Objectivation and its forms
51
6. Figure 4.2 Constitutions of an action that can be
abstracted through generalization
55
7. Figure 4.3 Types of Social Action and Their
Transformations on USA Today and Tripoli Post
59
Arini Rusyda, 2014
A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US
ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu