S ING 1005856 Table of content

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ............................................................... i
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... v
LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background of the study ......................................................................... 1
1.2. Research Question .................................................................................. 4
1.3. Aims of the study .................................................................................... 4
1.4. Research Methodology ........................................................................... 4
1.5. Scope of the Study................................................................................... 5
1.6. Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 5
1.7. Clarification of Terms............................................................................. 6
1.7.1. Ideology............................................................................................ 6
1.7.2. Ideological Features.......................................................................... 6
1.8. Organizations of The Study ……………………………………………. 6
CHAPTER II......................................................................................................... 8
2.1. Marxism as Literary Criticism ................................................................ 8

2.2. Ideology .................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1. Ideological Features......................................................................... 12
2.2.1.1. Unifying................................................................................... 12
2.2.1.2. Action-oriented........................................................................ 13
2.2.1.3. Legitimation............................................................................. 13
2.2.1.4. Rationalization......................................................................... 14
2.2.1.5. Universalization....................................................................... 15
2.2.1.6. Naturalization........................................................................... 15
2.3. Class ........................................................................................................ 16
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Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.3.1. The Dominant Class and Its Ideologies........................................... 18
2.3.1.1. Capitalist/Bourgeois and Capitalism........................................ 18
2.3.1.2. Feudalists and Feudalism......................................................... 20
2.3.2. Other Classes in Society.................................................................. 22
2.4. State and Class ........................................................................................ 23
2.5. Relevant Studies...................................................................................... 25

CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................... 28
3.1. Research Question .................................................................................. 28
3.2. Research Method .................................................................................... 28
3.3. Object of the Study ................................................................................. 28
3.4. Characters in Footsteps ........................................................................... 29
3.5. Research Procedures................................................................................ 30
3.5.1. Data Collection................................................................................ 30
3.5.2. Data Analysis................................................................................... 31
CHAPTER IV ....................................................................................................... 32
4.1. Findings .................................................................................................. 32
4.1.1. Capitalism ....................................................................................... 32
4.1.1.1. Conflicts between the Colonialist and the Colonized ............. 35
4.1.1.1.1. Legitimation...................................................................... 35
4.1.1.1.2. Rationalization.................................................................. 40
4.1.1.1.3. Action-Oriented................................................................ 42
4.1.1.1.4. Universalization................................................................ 44
4.1.1.2. Conflicts of Organization ........................................................ 46
4.1.1.2.1. Legitimation...................................................................... 46
4.1.1.2.2. Action Oriented................................................................ 48
4.1.2. Feudalism ........................................................................................ 50

4.1.2.1. Conflicts between the Feudals and the Commoners ............... 50
4.1.2.1.1. Naturalization ................................................................... 50
4.1.2.1.2. Rationalization.................................................................. 52
4.1.2.2. Conflicts of Organization ........................................................ 54
4.1.2.2.1 Naturalization .................................................................... 54
4.2. Discussion: The National Capitalism and Marxism in Footsteps ........... 56
CHAPTER V ........................................................................................................ 60
vi
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu

5.1 Conclusions.............................................................................................. 60
5.2 Suggestions .............................................................................................. 61
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 62
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 66

vii
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu

LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix I

Appendix of Capitalism

65

Appendix II

Appendix of Feudalism

76

viii
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu