A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER LEADS IN A Discourse Analysis Of Newspaper Leads In The Jakarta Post Using Frame Theory.
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
OF NEWSPAPER LEADS IN
THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
Indra Haristmawan
A 320 050 150
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER LEADS
IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
by
INDRA HARISTMAWAN
A 320 050 150
Approved to be examined
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER LEADS
IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
by
INDRA HARISTMAWAN
A 320 050 150
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on March, 25th 2013
Team of Examiner:
1. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.
(Chair Person)
(
)
2. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work, which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in the
manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta, 25th March 2013
The Writer
Indra Haristmawan
A 320 050 150
iv
MOTTO
...Allah will raise-up to suitable ranks and degrees those of you
who believe and who have been granted knowledge…
(Al- Mujaadilah: 11)
”Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, maka apabila kamu telah
selesai (dari suatu urusan) kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh (urusan yang
lain) dan hanya kepada Tuhanmu hendaknya kamu berharap”
(Q.S Alam Nasyrah)
v
DEDICATION
This Research Paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT,
His beloved parents,
His lovely brother,
His beloved of ‘girl friend’ Fafa
His dearest big family,
His beloved best friends, and
His almameter
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahhirobbil’alamiin, glory to Allah SWT, the Lord of the
universe who still gives a chance to the writer to accomplish this research paper. It
is impossible for the writer to finish it without His blessing and permission.
On this opportunity, the writer would like to express his sincerest gratitude
to all parties that helped him finish this research paper, they are:
1.
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, Dean of the Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Titis Setyabudi, SS, Head of English Department who gives the permission to
the writer to make this research paper,
3.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., the first consultant who gives guidance,
corrections, and supports to the writer during the writing process of this
research paper,
4.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum., the second consultant and academic consultant
who gives guidance, advices, corrections and motivation to the writer
patiently in writing this research paper,
5.
The lecturer of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who teach the writer during his study,
6.
His beloved parents, father and mother H. Busono, S. Pd. MM, Hj. Rumisih
who give unlimited love, trust, care, advices and pray for him,
7.
His beloved brother, Ahmad Helmi Putra thanks for cheerful and spirit in his
vii
life,
8.
His probably ‘the beloved’, Fafa who always gives him spirit, advices, pray,
patient, trust, care, love, and wise,
9.
His big family in Pati,
10. His best friends, Helmi Gunawan, M. Pd and Alfi Nurdin Arrahman, S.Pd the
Three Mus Getirs thanks for the friendship, sharing, motivation to be better
and better, and keep our friendship, and
11. All the parties those are unable to be mentioned one by one, thanks for all
their supports.
The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, constructive criticism and suggestion will be expected to improve the
quality of this research paper.
The writer really wishes that this research paper would help the other
researchers who are interested in studying the discourse analysis on newspaper
leads in the Jakarta post using frame theory and enrich the reader’s knowledge
about discourse analysis.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE ............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................ 1
B. Previous Study ............................................................... 6
C. Problem Statement .......................................................... 6
D. Objective of the Study..................................................... 7
E. Limitation of the Study .................................................. 7
F. Benefit of the Study ....................................................... 7
G. Research Paper Organization .......................................... 8
CHAPTER II:
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 9
A. The Notion of Discourse Analysis .................................. 9
1. The Difference among Text, Discourse, and Context
12
2. Seven Criteria for Textuality ..................................... 14
ix
B. News Elements ................................................................ 17
C. Framing Analysis ............................................................ 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 31
A. Type of the Research ....................................................... 31
B. Object of the Study.......................................................... 32
C. Data and Data Source ...................................................... 32
D. Method of Collecting Data ............................................. 32
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ........................................ 33
CHAPTER IV:
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION........................... 34
A. Data Analysis .................................................................. 34
1. The Frame Elements of Newspaper Leads on May 4th
2011 …………………………... ............................... 34
2. The Intention of Newspaper Leads ........................... 62
B. Discussion ....................................................................... 94
CHAPTER V:
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION............................... 96
A. Conclusion ...................................................................... 96
B. Suggestion ....................................................................... 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
x
ABSTRACT
Indra Haristmawan, A 320 050 150. A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF
NEWSPAPER LEADS IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME
THEORY. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2013.
This research paper is aimed identifying frame elements to configure the
discourse of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper, and to describe the
implied meaning of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
This research uses document to get the data. The data are written discourse
of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper which includes expression of
words. The data source is discourse in newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post
newspaper in 2011. To find out frame elements to configure the discourse of
newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper, the researcher uses Gamson and
Modigliani theory and to describe the implied meaning of newspaper leads in The
Jakarta Post newspaper, the researcher uses Seven Criteria of Textuality.
The result of this study shows that first, there are 29 data of newspaper
leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper that the frame elements to configure are 29
metaphors, 29 catchphrases, 29 exemplar, 29 the depictions, 6 visual images, 29
the euphemism, 29 the roots, 29 the appeal to principle. Second, there are 25 data
of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper that the implied meanings of
newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper are 3 types refer to address, 15
types refer to inform, and 7 types refer to assert.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum)
NIK. 409
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum)
NIP. 19590601 198503 1 003
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
xi
OF NEWSPAPER LEADS IN
THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
Indra Haristmawan
A 320 050 150
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER LEADS
IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
by
INDRA HARISTMAWAN
A 320 050 150
Approved to be examined
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER LEADS
IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME THEORY
by
INDRA HARISTMAWAN
A 320 050 150
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on March, 25th 2013
Team of Examiner:
1. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.
(Chair Person)
(
)
2. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work, which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in the
manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta, 25th March 2013
The Writer
Indra Haristmawan
A 320 050 150
iv
MOTTO
...Allah will raise-up to suitable ranks and degrees those of you
who believe and who have been granted knowledge…
(Al- Mujaadilah: 11)
”Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, maka apabila kamu telah
selesai (dari suatu urusan) kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh (urusan yang
lain) dan hanya kepada Tuhanmu hendaknya kamu berharap”
(Q.S Alam Nasyrah)
v
DEDICATION
This Research Paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT,
His beloved parents,
His lovely brother,
His beloved of ‘girl friend’ Fafa
His dearest big family,
His beloved best friends, and
His almameter
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahhirobbil’alamiin, glory to Allah SWT, the Lord of the
universe who still gives a chance to the writer to accomplish this research paper. It
is impossible for the writer to finish it without His blessing and permission.
On this opportunity, the writer would like to express his sincerest gratitude
to all parties that helped him finish this research paper, they are:
1.
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, Dean of the Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Titis Setyabudi, SS, Head of English Department who gives the permission to
the writer to make this research paper,
3.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., the first consultant who gives guidance,
corrections, and supports to the writer during the writing process of this
research paper,
4.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum., the second consultant and academic consultant
who gives guidance, advices, corrections and motivation to the writer
patiently in writing this research paper,
5.
The lecturer of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who teach the writer during his study,
6.
His beloved parents, father and mother H. Busono, S. Pd. MM, Hj. Rumisih
who give unlimited love, trust, care, advices and pray for him,
7.
His beloved brother, Ahmad Helmi Putra thanks for cheerful and spirit in his
vii
life,
8.
His probably ‘the beloved’, Fafa who always gives him spirit, advices, pray,
patient, trust, care, love, and wise,
9.
His big family in Pati,
10. His best friends, Helmi Gunawan, M. Pd and Alfi Nurdin Arrahman, S.Pd the
Three Mus Getirs thanks for the friendship, sharing, motivation to be better
and better, and keep our friendship, and
11. All the parties those are unable to be mentioned one by one, thanks for all
their supports.
The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, constructive criticism and suggestion will be expected to improve the
quality of this research paper.
The writer really wishes that this research paper would help the other
researchers who are interested in studying the discourse analysis on newspaper
leads in the Jakarta post using frame theory and enrich the reader’s knowledge
about discourse analysis.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE ............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................ 1
B. Previous Study ............................................................... 6
C. Problem Statement .......................................................... 6
D. Objective of the Study..................................................... 7
E. Limitation of the Study .................................................. 7
F. Benefit of the Study ....................................................... 7
G. Research Paper Organization .......................................... 8
CHAPTER II:
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 9
A. The Notion of Discourse Analysis .................................. 9
1. The Difference among Text, Discourse, and Context
12
2. Seven Criteria for Textuality ..................................... 14
ix
B. News Elements ................................................................ 17
C. Framing Analysis ............................................................ 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 31
A. Type of the Research ....................................................... 31
B. Object of the Study.......................................................... 32
C. Data and Data Source ...................................................... 32
D. Method of Collecting Data ............................................. 32
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ........................................ 33
CHAPTER IV:
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION........................... 34
A. Data Analysis .................................................................. 34
1. The Frame Elements of Newspaper Leads on May 4th
2011 …………………………... ............................... 34
2. The Intention of Newspaper Leads ........................... 62
B. Discussion ....................................................................... 94
CHAPTER V:
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION............................... 96
A. Conclusion ...................................................................... 96
B. Suggestion ....................................................................... 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
x
ABSTRACT
Indra Haristmawan, A 320 050 150. A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF
NEWSPAPER LEADS IN THE JAKARTA POST USING FRAME
THEORY. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2013.
This research paper is aimed identifying frame elements to configure the
discourse of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper, and to describe the
implied meaning of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
This research uses document to get the data. The data are written discourse
of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper which includes expression of
words. The data source is discourse in newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post
newspaper in 2011. To find out frame elements to configure the discourse of
newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper, the researcher uses Gamson and
Modigliani theory and to describe the implied meaning of newspaper leads in The
Jakarta Post newspaper, the researcher uses Seven Criteria of Textuality.
The result of this study shows that first, there are 29 data of newspaper
leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper that the frame elements to configure are 29
metaphors, 29 catchphrases, 29 exemplar, 29 the depictions, 6 visual images, 29
the euphemism, 29 the roots, 29 the appeal to principle. Second, there are 25 data
of newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper that the implied meanings of
newspaper leads in The Jakarta Post newspaper are 3 types refer to address, 15
types refer to inform, and 7 types refer to assert.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum)
NIK. 409
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum)
NIP. 19590601 198503 1 003
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
xi