REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONOS (SBY) SPEECHES.
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REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY) SPEECHES
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
082188330123
Regbz.tration N!~tJf,r:
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ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDA.~
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REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY) SPEECHES
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
082188330123
Regbz.tration N!~tJf,r:
"
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDA.~
lOll
A THESIS
REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY)
SPEECHES
By:
AYUINDARI
Registration Number: 082188330123
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
This Thesis was examined on April7fh, 2011 by the Board ofExamination
Approved by
Adviser Commission
Adviser I
Dr. Sri Minda Mu , M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803 2 016
The Director of tbe Postgraduate
Approval
This Thesis was examined on April 7th, 2011 by the Board ofExaminers
Board of Examiners:
1. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19550113 198203 1 002
2. Dr. Sri Minda Mumi, M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803 2 016
3. Prof. Dr. Busmin Guming. M.Pd
NIP. 19590713 1986011 001
4. Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M. Pd
NIP. 19610425 198601 2 001
5. Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed., TESP
NIP. 19570412 198403 1 001
iv
ABSTRACT
lndari, Ayu. Registration Number 082188330123. Realization of Speech
Function in Mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) Speeches. A
Thesis. Enalish Applied Uapistic:s Study Program, Post Graduate School.
State University ofMedan.ZOU.
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A study on the speech fimction is worthwhile doing for it giving contribution for
the better understanding of the presidue policy for development. Language plays
an unproduced role for this. Language is a device in communication. When
someone says something who is used sentence in the communication. The
sentence itself consists of the structure and meaning. The structure and meaning
are speech fimction and mood. Realization of speech fimction in mood is related
to Halliday (1994: p. 95) makes the point that the relationship between the forms
of utterances and the types of meaning they can express is a complex one which is
based on the principle that what speakers say can make sense in the context in
which they are saying it. Realization of speech fimctions (statement, question,
offer, and command) are realized in mood (declarative, imperative, and
interrogative) following Saragih (2005: 13). The data are obtained from two kinds
of SBY's speeches namely "Bombings" and "SMS bermasalah". The study is
conducted in content analysis design. The findings indicate that Speech function
in both of the speeches is realized into the form of Mood: declarative,
interrogative, and imperative. The dominant speech fimction is statement in the
sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the people about the problem or
the issue. The four speech functions in initiating are realized as follows: statement
realized by declarative Mood, question realized by interrogative Mood, and
command realized by imperative Mood. Speech as the object of the study which
realizes in the speech fimction and mood, it could be dominant using of speech
function.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEl\1ENT ..................................................... .
ABSTRACT ........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................... .
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................. .
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................ ..
LIST OF APPENDIXES ...................................................... ..
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C~RI:ODUTN
1.1. The Background ofthe Study......................................
1.2. The Problem ofthe Study............................................
1.3. The Objective of the Study..........................................
1.4. The Scope of the Study ...............................................
1.5. The Significance ofthe Study......................................
C~R
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ll :THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Speech Functions ...................................................... ..
2.1.1 Types of Speech Functions Theory of Speech .....
2.1.2 Realization Speech Functions in Mood ................
2.2. Speech ....................................................................... .
2.2.1 Theory of Speech ............................................... .
2.2.2 Function of Speech................................... .
2.2.3 The Way to Deliver a Good Speech .............. ..
2.2.4 Towards a Formal Model of Speech .................. ..
2.2.5 Kinds of Speech ................................................ ..
1. An Informative Speech ............................... ..
2. A layout Speech ......................................... ..
3. A Demonstration Speech ..............................
4. A Persuasive Speech .................................. ..
2.2.4 News Conference .............................................. ..
2.2.5 Ethos in Traditional Rhetoric ............................. ..
2.2.6 SBY's Speeches Opinion ....................................
2.3 Mood and Residue ...................................................... .
2.3.1 Mood ................................................................. .
2.3.1.1 Identifying Subject and Finite ................... ..
2.3.1.2 Mood in Non-Declarative Clauses ............ ..
2.3.1.3 Kinds ofMood .......................................... .
1. Declarative and Interrogative Moods ............
2. Imperative mood ......................................... .
3. Exclamative mood ....................................... .
4. Mood and Polarity ....................................... .
2.3.2 Residue .............................................................. .
2.3.2.1 The Predicator ........................................... .
2.3.2.2 The Complement ...................................... ..
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2.3.2.3 Adjuncts .................................................... .
2.4 Mood in Bahasa Indonesia ......................................... ..
2.4.1 Statement ............................................................
2.4.2 Questions ........................................................... .
2.4.3 Imperatives ....................................................... ..
2.4.4 Exclanlations...................................................... .
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CHAPTER W: RESEARCH MEmOD
3.1. Research Design..............................................................
3.2. Data Sources....................................................................
3.3. Technique of Collecting Data..........................................
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis.............................................
3.5 Trustworthiness...............................................................
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CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Research Findings........................................................... .
4.1.1 Realization of Speech Function in Mood .................. .
4.1.1.1 Realization of Speech Function ...................... .
( 1). Statement ......................................................... .
a First Speech: "Bombings" ....................................
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasalah" ................... .
(2). Command ........................................................ .
(3). Question ......................................................... ..
(4). Offer ................................................................ .
4.1.1.2 Realization in Mood ...................................... ..
a. First Speech: "Bombings " ................................. ..
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasa/ah" ................... .
4.1.1.3 Realization of Speech Function in Mood ..........
4.1.2 Dominant of Speech Function .................................. .
4.1.3 Reason of the Speech Function Dominantly Used .... .
4.2 Discussions ...................................................................... .
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions ..................................................................... .
5.2 Suggestions .................................................................... ..
REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTERll
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 1.6
Table 1.7
Table I .8
Table 1.9
Table 1.10
Table 1.1 I
Table 1.12
Table 1.13
Table 1.14
Types ofSpeech Functions....................................
Elaboration Realization ofSpeech Functions in Mood...
Semantic interpretation of central mood systems..........
Tags showing Subject and Finite..........................
it' and 'there' as Subject....................................
Mood in declarative clauses................................
Mood in yes/no interrogative clauses...........................
WH·interrogative with known Subject..................
WH·interrogative with WH-element as Subject.........
Mood in exclamativc clauses..............................
Urunarlced imperative clauses..............................
Marked imperative clauses.................................
Let's imperative clause.....................................
Analyzing Mood and Residue.............................
CHAPTER m
Table 1.15 The steps of the technique of data analysis..................
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CHAPTER IV
Table I.I6 Lists of Statement in SBY's Speech (first speech).........
Table I.I 7 Initiating of Statement (fli'St speech)........................
Table 1.18 Lists ofStatement in SBY's Speech (second speech)....
Table 1.19 Initiating of Statement (second speech).....................
Table 1.20 Initiating of Command (first speech)........................
Table 1.21 Initiating of Command (second speech)....... .. .. .. .. .. ....
Table 1.22 Initiating ofQuestion..........................................
Table 1.23 Initiating of Offer (first speech)..............................
Table 1.24 Initiating of Offer (second speech)...........................
Table 1.25 Mood in Clause (first speech).................................
Table 1.26 Mood in Clause (second speech).............................
Table 1.27 Realization of Speech Function in Mood...................
Table 1.28 Dominant Speech Function in the Speeches................
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX m- TilE ANALYZING DATA
Table 1.29 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speech about
"The Bombings"
APPENDIX IV- TilE ANALYZING DATA
Table 1.30 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech about
"SMS Bermasalah"
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LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTERll
Figure 1.1 Realization of Speech Functions in Mood...............
Figure 1.2 Two mood system...........................................
Figure 1.3 Mood- key systems........................................
CHAPTER IV
Figure 1.4 System Network ofSBY's Speech Function............
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Background of the Study
One of the functions oflanguage in human life as a member of the society
is to exchange experience. This is systemically termed as speech functions
(Halliday, 2004: 107-108). This study is related to know the president of the
Republic of Indonesia represents his speech functions through his speeches. A
study on the speech function is worthwhile doing for it giving contribution for the
better understanding of the presidue policy for development. Language plays an
unproduced role for this. Language is a device in communication. When someone
says something who is used sentence in the communication. The sentence itself
consists of the structure and meaning. The structure and meaning are speech
function and mood. This systematically conclude that speech function calls
discourse semantics and mood calls lexicogrammar (Martin, 1992: 36). The
grammar of a language is the description of the ways in which words can change
their forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. If grammar rules
are too carelessly violated, communication may suffer, although, creating a good
grammar rule is extremely difficult. Linguistic investigating native speaker speech
(and writing) has, over the years, devised various different systems to describe
how the language works.
In relation to that structural linguistics presents us with a systematic way
to describe the units of language and how those units combine to produce
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acceptable sentences. A language can be considered from several levels, each
related in some way to the others. Thus sounds combine to fonn syllables and
words, which in tum combine to fonn phrases and sentences. Commonly used
tenns, in increasing order of size, are phone, phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase,
sentence, and text. The terms colTCCtly imply that structural linguistics has
emphasized the sound system (phonology) and the grammatical structure (syntax).
Within traditional grammar, the syntax of a language is described in tenns
of taxonomy of the range of different types of syntactic structures found in the
language. The central assumption underpinning syntactic analysis in traditional
grammar is that phrases and sentences are built up of a series of constituents (i.e.
syntactic wtits), each of which belongs to a specific grammatical category and
serves a specific grammatical fUnction. Given this assumption, the task of the
linguist analyzing the syntactic. structure of any given type of sentence is to
identity each of the constituents in the sentence, and to say what category it
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belongs to and what. function it serves. For example, in relation to the syntax of a
simple sentence like: (a) He went home, (b) Are you feeling OK!, (c) You be
quite!, (d) What a great Idea that Is!. A sentence like (a) is traditionally said to be
declarative in force, in that it is used to make a statement. (b) is interrogative in
force in that it is used to ask a question. (c) is imperative in force, by virtue of
being used to issue an order or command. (d) is exclamative in force, in that it is
used to exclaim surprise or delight In addition according to Martin (1992: 33) in a
Systematic Fwtctional Interpretation of English (SFI) provides a point of
departure for stratifYing the content plane. This is an important step as far as
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interpreting dialogue is concerned since there is no simple relation between
general grammatical classes and the role they play in structuring a conversation.
The most commonly discussed example of this is the realization of demands for
goods and services. Each class considered so far for example, imperative,
declarative and interrogative mood, can be used to code a Command: (a) Get me
the new one, please? - Allright, I will, (b) I'd like the new one, please? - Allright,
(c) Can I have the new one, please? - Allright.
Evidence for the fact that the different grammatical classes are performing
a related discourse function comes from their context: from their co-text the
inclusion ofplease and tho reply allright; and from the context of situation, where
one might well observe goods being exchanged. Furthermore, as can be seen from
the examples above, the relevance of the co-text is also grammaticalised in
English. There is a major pattern to be considered. It can be established with
respect to the more general Mood function, Mood (including Subject, Finite, and
Mood adjuncts) and Residue (including Predicator, Complement and other
Adjuncts).
Mood (Radford, 2004: 462) is a term describing inflectional properties of
finite verbs. That means mood explains about verbs in the content of the sentence
itself. This statement bas been more complete by Martin (1992: 30) concerns with
the semantics of mood in English (the grammatical description of mood proposed
in Halliday 1976b: 105-11 0). Its basic concern will be interpreting mood from a
discourse perspective as a resource for negotiating meaning in dialogue. To
consider two central mood systems, which classify English clauses as three basic
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types of interact, such as declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Traditionally,
these systems and structures require a richer interpretation, beyond fonn, in spite
of the fact that the content of the tenns is less than transparent. Semantically
oriented labels of this kind highlight the meaning of the grammatical tenns and
are used throughout Halliday (198Sa) to focus on the grammar as a functionally
organized meaning making resource (rather than as a syntax, or set of fonns). In
fact, no attempt is made to distinguish stratally between grammar and meaning:
rather the grammar in infused with meaning, and a stratal distinction between
grammar and semantics systematically blurred. So, an attempt will be made to
unpick the boundary between grammar and semantics in a syntactic functional
interpretation of English and Halliday's relabelling provides a point of departure
for stratifying the content plane.
Following Halliday (1984a) the semantic inventory of interacts can now be
expanded into four pairs, which will be referred to provisionally, following work
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in ethno methodology (e.g. Schegloff & Sacks 1973) namely (a) offer
(acknowledge offer): can I get you a drink?- yes, thanks, (b) command (response
offer to command): get me a drink, will you? - alright, I will, (c) statement
(acknowledge statement): the match is at 2 pm- oh, is it?, (d) question (response
statement to question): what time's the match? - at 2 pm. The grammar then
makes available resources for trying an initiation to a response (ellipsis and
substitution) and for orienting the exchange to goods and services or infonnation
and to giving or demanding (declarative, interrogative, and imperative). The mood
systems considered to this point are along with the speech function.
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According to Martin (1992: 36) speech function (discourse semantics) has
been stratified with respect to mood (lexicogrammar) on the content plane. In
another research, Sulaiman (2007) "Speech Functions in Classroom Interaction"
concludes that speech functions absent in those of mood. From that case, the
researcher gets the problem of the research which is realization of speech function
in mood, derive the dominant of speech function and reason for the use of the
dominant speech function.
Realization of speech function in mood has implementation in many ways,
for example in the speech. Speech, according to Saussure ((1916) 1986: 19), is the
sum total of what people say, and it comprises (a) individual combinations of
words, depending on the will of the speakers, and (b) acts of phonation, which are
also voluntary and are necessary for the execution of the speakers' combinations
of words. That means speech is acting of phonation realized in the words. Its
added from another opinion that speech is the vocalized form of human
communication. It is based upon the syntactic combination of lexicals and names
that are drawn from very large (usually >10,000 different words) vocabularies.
These vocabularies, the &yntax which structures them, and their set of speech
sound units, differ creating the existence of many thousands of different types of
mutually unintelligible human languages (http://en.wik.ipedia.org/wiki/Speech).
From that statement above, researcher conclude that speech is the collection of
many vocabularies in the several forms of the grammatical structures. Speech has
the four basic types, they are: to inform, to instruct, to entertain, and to persuade.
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These are not mutually exclusive of one another. You may have several purposes
in mind when giving your presentation.
In this study the researcher is interested in analyzing realization of speech
function in mood in President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches.
These are some reason to emphasize her interests in the research. Firstly, based on
the theory that there is a
m~or
pattern to be considered which realization of
speech function in mood is because according to Martin (1992: 36) speech
function (discourse semantics) has been stratified with respect to mood
(lexicogrammar) on the content plane. That means realization of speech function
in mood can help the reader to find out the kinds of the structure in the sentence
and the meaning of the sentence which refers to get the information from the
sentence itself.
Secondly, based on the previously research's findings in which for
example; there is researcher analyzed speech function in several phenomena
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namely Sembiring (2009) who analyzed "Speech Function in Slogan of Television
Advertisement" in this study with speech functions in the slogan of television
advertisement. In the theory of speech functions, Martin (1992: 36) states that
speech function is a semantic aspect of meaning which is realized by mood at
level of lexicogrammar. In this case, all the speech function should be coded by
three moods namely declarative, interrogative, and imperative. The four speech
functions (offer, command, statement, and question) are semantic in nature. They
find their realizations in mood which is an aspect of interpersonal meaning at the
level of lexicogrammatical. In their congruent representation, the speech functions
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of the statement, question. and command are realized by declarative, inteJTogative,
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and imperative. The finding of this study is that speech fUnction used in slogan of
shampoo product is giving statement or give information. From the previous
research above, the research conclude that the research explained about speech
fUnction of the statement, question. and command are realized by kinds of mood
{declarative, interrogative. and imperative) in slogan oftelevision advertisement.
In this research, researcher wants to make specifically analyzing realization of
speech fUnction in mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches.
The speeches are taken from Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) as
issued on Jakarta "Bombings" July 18, 2009 and President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono's (SBY) speech about "SMS bermasalah", Jakarta, Monday, 30 Mei
2011. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, also known by his initials SBY, won over
voters in Indonesia's first democratic elections with his image as a man of
integrity, a strong communicator and firm leader in times of crisis. Mr.
Yudhoyono is probably best known internationally for his leading role in
Indonesia's fight against terrorism in the wake of the Bali bombing in 2009. His
speech on the anniversary of the attack was seen as one of the strongest delivered
by any Indonesian leader on an issue which is still politically sensitive. SBY is
also working on establishing an engagement platform with the world that rests on
peace, democracy and economic development to gain leadership status. From the
phenomena, the researcher wants to describe realization of speech fUnction in
mood in SBY speeches.
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1.2 Problem of the Study
In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of this study
are formulated as follows.
1. How are speech functions realized in moods in SBY speeches?
2. What is the dominant speech function in SBY speeches?
3. Why is the dominant speech function realized in the way it is?
1.3 Objective of the Study
In relation of the problems, the objectives of the study are
l. to identify speech functions realized in moods in SBY's speeches,
2. to identify the dominant speech function in SBY's speeches, and
3. the reason for the use of the dominant speech function.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on realization of speech function in mood. This
research concerns on the four primary speech functions, namely statement,
question, command, and offer. They are investigated in their realizations of mood.
Mood focuses on the kinds of mood. They are (1) declarative, (2) interrogative,
and (3) imperative.
To avoid the broad discussion and to make this research manageable, this
research concerns on SBY's speeches such as SBY's Speech on the Jakarta
"Bombings" July 18, 2009
and President SBY's speech about "SMS
bermasalah ", Jakarta, Monday, 30 Mei 2011. The researcher chooses both of the
speeches because the speaker has the same strong emotion in the speech.
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1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are expected to give some relevant contribution
to the following.
I. Theoretically, grammatical research through realization of speech function
in mood in the speech gives contributions about how the units combine to
produce acceptable sentences and how to describe the language works.
2. Practically, the finding of this study can be used as a model to identify and
understand about realization of speech function in mood in the speech for
social phenomenon such as daily conversation, dialogue, text, story and so
on.
3. Academically the finding can be a helpful way for developing and
increasing the world science especially in educating of discourse and
pragmatics in the education department. Moreover, it is the specific
contribution to the language itself.
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CHAPTERV
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CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Coaclusioas
After analyzing the data conclusions are drawn as the following.
(1) The realization of speech functions of the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's
speeches is in mood. The first speech, "Bombings" speech function has
realized in mood which has 50.51%. Four types of speech function has
realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative
which has 56.29%. COmmand has realized in imperative which has 8.70%.
Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in
interrogative which has 50%. The second speech, "SMS Bermasalah"
speech function has realized in mood which has 44.900/o. Four types of
speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has
realized in declarative which has 54.32%. Command has realized in
imperative which has 18.18%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%.
Question has realized in interrogative which has 0%. Speech function has
realized in mood by elaboration in the Table 1.2: elaboration realization of
speech function in mood.
(2) The types of speech t\mction in both of the speeches are: statement, offer,
question, and command. The dominant speech function in the first speech
is statement (95.92%) and the seeond speech is statement (89.80%). Both
of the speeches statement is the dominant speech function, this happens
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because Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the
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infonnation for the people. He was explaining about the case or issue to
the people. so that the aim of the speaking was to clarify the people about
the issue. The first speech. the issue is about bombings which were
happened in the public area when the condition has got well. The second
speech. the issue is about short message which was talking about SBY. It
made him angry about the content of the message because it was talking
all about his weakness. This research has found that the speech is almost
using statement in the sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the
people about the problem or the issue. The sentence of the speech should
be clear because it can make different interpretation if the speech is not
clear. The main function of speech is giving. explaining. and clarifying
something happens in the society.
(3) The four speech functions in initiating are realized as follows: statement
realized by declarative Mood. question realized by interrogative Mood.
and command realized by imperative Mood. The researcher concludes that
speech function refers to the verb in the sentence. It categorizes in the
semantics term. Semantics term has realized in the lexicogrammar. Every
sentence has realized in the speech function. and also speech function in
semantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. The conclusion
is speech as the object of the study which realizes in the speech function
and mood. It could be dominant using of speech function. So that is the
reason why speech function is the dominant using in the speech.
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5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are stated as the following.
(1) For the leader, do the speech without any political affairs. Be honest, wise,
and capable to put on the condition in the right track because a good leader
comes from a good behavior.
(2) For the language students, to do research about the speech side in many
area of research. This is to make it be one of the many areas of the
research because speech is many implicit meaning inside. So, that is the
big chance to explore in another field of the language itself.
(3) It is recommended to the lecturer hoped to give the attention by studying
about the speech in the class. It can help the students to make the speech
which is not long-winded speech .
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Bogdan, R. F., & Biklen, S. 1992. In QIUilltatlve ReutJrch for Education: An
Introductlon to Theory and Methods. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
Denzin, N. K. 1978. Tile Reseluch Act. bt Sibarani, B. 2004. QIUI/itative
ResefU'Ch In Llngldstlcs and Langqe Te~hlng.
Medan: Graduate
Program State University ofMedan (unpublished)
Halliday, M. A. K. 1985. Systemics Bllckground. bt Benson, J. D. and W.S.
Greaves (eds) Sy6Umlc Penpectlves on D&coune, Vol. I, Norwood:
ablex Publishing. 1-15
Halliday, M.A. K. 1994.Introductlon to Functional Grt~ml.
Arnold
London: Edward
Halliday, M. A. K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Gl'tUIUIUI1'. London:
Edward Arnold
Hoffinan, Mary F & Ford, DebraJ. 2010. OrganivdioiUII Rheotoric. USA: SAGE
Publications
Krippendorrt: Klaus. 2004. Content Analysis- An Introductlon to Its
Methodology. California: Sage publication
Lincoln, Yvonna S & Guba, Egon G. 1985. Natllt'aiistic Inquiry. California:
SAGE Publications
Lock, Graham. 2002. FunctloiUII English
University Press
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93
Gramnu~.
Cambridge: Cambridge
94
Martin, J, R. 1992. Englilh Text: System and Structure. USA: John Benjamins
Publishing Company
Morley, G. David. 2000. Syntflx in Functional Grammar. New York: Continuum
•
Malmkjaer, Kirsten. 2001. The Linguistics Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge
Radford, Andrew. 2004.Minimii/JstSynttiX. New York: Cambridge
R, Hurford, James. 2000. Semantics: a Coursebook. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Saragih, A. 2004• .DJscoiii'M Ana/Jisls. A Systemic FunctUmal Approaches to the
AIUilysil of Ta#. Faculty of Language and Arts. The State University
ofMedan
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Saragih. A, 2005. Introduction Functional GrtllllmQr. Medan: Pasca Sarjana
UNIMED
Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1916. Cours de Linguistlque Gblirtde. Ed. by C. Bally,
A. Sechohaye, and A. Roidlinger. Paris: Payot.
(1916)1986. Course In GeMI'tll Linguiltics. Trans by Roy Harris. LaSalle,
IL: Open Court.
Sneddon, James N, 1996. .4 CollfPrehensive Gl'tlltUIUir. London: Routledge
Thompson, Geoft 1996. Introducing Functional GrllltUIUII'. China: Edward
Arnold
William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. 2009. The Linguistics of Speech. New York:
Cambridge University Press
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95
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtammatical_mood
http://web.mac.com/cmatthie_Glossary.html
http://en.wildpedia.org/wikl/Speech
http://www.nsknet.or.jp/-peterr-slpublic_speakinglspeechtypes.html
http://www.indonesiatogo.com/2009/07/18/sby-speech-about-the-bombing/
http://en. wikipedia.orglwiki/News_conference
http://www.rimanews.com
http://www.presidensby.infofmdex.php/perslpresiden/2010/12/02/535.btml
http:/lwww.famous-speeches-and-speech-topics.info/speecb-topicslinformativespeech.htm
..
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REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY) SPEECHES
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
082188330123
Regbz.tration N!~tJf,r:
"
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDA.~
lOll
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REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY) SPEECHES
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
082188330123
Regbz.tration N!~tJf,r:
"
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDA.~
lOll
A THESIS
REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY)
SPEECHES
By:
AYUINDARI
Registration Number: 082188330123
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
This Thesis was examined on April7fh, 2011 by the Board ofExamination
Approved by
Adviser Commission
Adviser I
Dr. Sri Minda Mu , M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803 2 016
The Director of tbe Postgraduate
Approval
This Thesis was examined on April 7th, 2011 by the Board ofExaminers
Board of Examiners:
1. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19550113 198203 1 002
2. Dr. Sri Minda Mumi, M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803 2 016
3. Prof. Dr. Busmin Guming. M.Pd
NIP. 19590713 1986011 001
4. Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M. Pd
NIP. 19610425 198601 2 001
5. Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed., TESP
NIP. 19570412 198403 1 001
iv
ABSTRACT
lndari, Ayu. Registration Number 082188330123. Realization of Speech
Function in Mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) Speeches. A
Thesis. Enalish Applied Uapistic:s Study Program, Post Graduate School.
State University ofMedan.ZOU.
~-·
...
;J
A study on the speech fimction is worthwhile doing for it giving contribution for
the better understanding of the presidue policy for development. Language plays
an unproduced role for this. Language is a device in communication. When
someone says something who is used sentence in the communication. The
sentence itself consists of the structure and meaning. The structure and meaning
are speech fimction and mood. Realization of speech fimction in mood is related
to Halliday (1994: p. 95) makes the point that the relationship between the forms
of utterances and the types of meaning they can express is a complex one which is
based on the principle that what speakers say can make sense in the context in
which they are saying it. Realization of speech fimctions (statement, question,
offer, and command) are realized in mood (declarative, imperative, and
interrogative) following Saragih (2005: 13). The data are obtained from two kinds
of SBY's speeches namely "Bombings" and "SMS bermasalah". The study is
conducted in content analysis design. The findings indicate that Speech function
in both of the speeches is realized into the form of Mood: declarative,
interrogative, and imperative. The dominant speech fimction is statement in the
sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the people about the problem or
the issue. The four speech functions in initiating are realized as follows: statement
realized by declarative Mood, question realized by interrogative Mood, and
command realized by imperative Mood. Speech as the object of the study which
realizes in the speech fimction and mood, it could be dominant using of speech
function.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEl\1ENT ..................................................... .
ABSTRACT ........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................... .
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................. .
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................ ..
LIST OF APPENDIXES ...................................................... ..
iv
v
vii
viii
ix
C~RI:ODUTN
1.1. The Background ofthe Study......................................
1.2. The Problem ofthe Study............................................
1.3. The Objective of the Study..........................................
1.4. The Scope of the Study ...............................................
1.5. The Significance ofthe Study......................................
C~R
•
ll :THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Speech Functions ...................................................... ..
2.1.1 Types of Speech Functions Theory of Speech .....
2.1.2 Realization Speech Functions in Mood ................
2.2. Speech ....................................................................... .
2.2.1 Theory of Speech ............................................... .
2.2.2 Function of Speech................................... .
2.2.3 The Way to Deliver a Good Speech .............. ..
2.2.4 Towards a Formal Model of Speech .................. ..
2.2.5 Kinds of Speech ................................................ ..
1. An Informative Speech ............................... ..
2. A layout Speech ......................................... ..
3. A Demonstration Speech ..............................
4. A Persuasive Speech .................................. ..
2.2.4 News Conference .............................................. ..
2.2.5 Ethos in Traditional Rhetoric ............................. ..
2.2.6 SBY's Speeches Opinion ....................................
2.3 Mood and Residue ...................................................... .
2.3.1 Mood ................................................................. .
2.3.1.1 Identifying Subject and Finite ................... ..
2.3.1.2 Mood in Non-Declarative Clauses ............ ..
2.3.1.3 Kinds ofMood .......................................... .
1. Declarative and Interrogative Moods ............
2. Imperative mood ......................................... .
3. Exclamative mood ....................................... .
4. Mood and Polarity ....................................... .
2.3.2 Residue .............................................................. .
2.3.2.1 The Predicator ........................................... .
2.3.2.2 The Complement ...................................... ..
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2.3.2.3 Adjuncts .................................................... .
2.4 Mood in Bahasa Indonesia ......................................... ..
2.4.1 Statement ............................................................
2.4.2 Questions ........................................................... .
2.4.3 Imperatives ....................................................... ..
2.4.4 Exclanlations...................................................... .
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CHAPTER W: RESEARCH MEmOD
3.1. Research Design..............................................................
3.2. Data Sources....................................................................
3.3. Technique of Collecting Data..........................................
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis.............................................
3.5 Trustworthiness...............................................................
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CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Research Findings........................................................... .
4.1.1 Realization of Speech Function in Mood .................. .
4.1.1.1 Realization of Speech Function ...................... .
( 1). Statement ......................................................... .
a First Speech: "Bombings" ....................................
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasalah" ................... .
(2). Command ........................................................ .
(3). Question ......................................................... ..
(4). Offer ................................................................ .
4.1.1.2 Realization in Mood ...................................... ..
a. First Speech: "Bombings " ................................. ..
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasa/ah" ................... .
4.1.1.3 Realization of Speech Function in Mood ..........
4.1.2 Dominant of Speech Function .................................. .
4.1.3 Reason of the Speech Function Dominantly Used .... .
4.2 Discussions ...................................................................... .
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions ..................................................................... .
5.2 Suggestions .................................................................... ..
REFERENCES
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vii
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTERll
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 1.6
Table 1.7
Table I .8
Table 1.9
Table 1.10
Table 1.1 I
Table 1.12
Table 1.13
Table 1.14
Types ofSpeech Functions....................................
Elaboration Realization ofSpeech Functions in Mood...
Semantic interpretation of central mood systems..........
Tags showing Subject and Finite..........................
it' and 'there' as Subject....................................
Mood in declarative clauses................................
Mood in yes/no interrogative clauses...........................
WH·interrogative with known Subject..................
WH·interrogative with WH-element as Subject.........
Mood in exclamativc clauses..............................
Urunarlced imperative clauses..............................
Marked imperative clauses.................................
Let's imperative clause.....................................
Analyzing Mood and Residue.............................
CHAPTER m
Table 1.15 The steps of the technique of data analysis..................
.
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CHAPTER IV
Table I.I6 Lists of Statement in SBY's Speech (first speech).........
Table I.I 7 Initiating of Statement (fli'St speech)........................
Table 1.18 Lists ofStatement in SBY's Speech (second speech)....
Table 1.19 Initiating of Statement (second speech).....................
Table 1.20 Initiating of Command (first speech)........................
Table 1.21 Initiating of Command (second speech)....... .. .. .. .. .. ....
Table 1.22 Initiating ofQuestion..........................................
Table 1.23 Initiating of Offer (first speech)..............................
Table 1.24 Initiating of Offer (second speech)...........................
Table 1.25 Mood in Clause (first speech).................................
Table 1.26 Mood in Clause (second speech).............................
Table 1.27 Realization of Speech Function in Mood...................
Table 1.28 Dominant Speech Function in the Speeches................
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX m- TilE ANALYZING DATA
Table 1.29 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speech about
"The Bombings"
APPENDIX IV- TilE ANALYZING DATA
Table 1.30 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech about
"SMS Bermasalah"
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viii
..
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTERll
Figure 1.1 Realization of Speech Functions in Mood...............
Figure 1.2 Two mood system...........................................
Figure 1.3 Mood- key systems........................................
CHAPTER IV
Figure 1.4 System Network ofSBY's Speech Function............
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Background of the Study
One of the functions oflanguage in human life as a member of the society
is to exchange experience. This is systemically termed as speech functions
(Halliday, 2004: 107-108). This study is related to know the president of the
Republic of Indonesia represents his speech functions through his speeches. A
study on the speech function is worthwhile doing for it giving contribution for the
better understanding of the presidue policy for development. Language plays an
unproduced role for this. Language is a device in communication. When someone
says something who is used sentence in the communication. The sentence itself
consists of the structure and meaning. The structure and meaning are speech
function and mood. This systematically conclude that speech function calls
discourse semantics and mood calls lexicogrammar (Martin, 1992: 36). The
grammar of a language is the description of the ways in which words can change
their forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. If grammar rules
are too carelessly violated, communication may suffer, although, creating a good
grammar rule is extremely difficult. Linguistic investigating native speaker speech
(and writing) has, over the years, devised various different systems to describe
how the language works.
In relation to that structural linguistics presents us with a systematic way
to describe the units of language and how those units combine to produce
..
2
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acceptable sentences. A language can be considered from several levels, each
related in some way to the others. Thus sounds combine to fonn syllables and
words, which in tum combine to fonn phrases and sentences. Commonly used
tenns, in increasing order of size, are phone, phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase,
sentence, and text. The terms colTCCtly imply that structural linguistics has
emphasized the sound system (phonology) and the grammatical structure (syntax).
Within traditional grammar, the syntax of a language is described in tenns
of taxonomy of the range of different types of syntactic structures found in the
language. The central assumption underpinning syntactic analysis in traditional
grammar is that phrases and sentences are built up of a series of constituents (i.e.
syntactic wtits), each of which belongs to a specific grammatical category and
serves a specific grammatical fUnction. Given this assumption, the task of the
linguist analyzing the syntactic. structure of any given type of sentence is to
identity each of the constituents in the sentence, and to say what category it
•
belongs to and what. function it serves. For example, in relation to the syntax of a
simple sentence like: (a) He went home, (b) Are you feeling OK!, (c) You be
quite!, (d) What a great Idea that Is!. A sentence like (a) is traditionally said to be
declarative in force, in that it is used to make a statement. (b) is interrogative in
force in that it is used to ask a question. (c) is imperative in force, by virtue of
being used to issue an order or command. (d) is exclamative in force, in that it is
used to exclaim surprise or delight In addition according to Martin (1992: 33) in a
Systematic Fwtctional Interpretation of English (SFI) provides a point of
departure for stratifYing the content plane. This is an important step as far as
•
3
interpreting dialogue is concerned since there is no simple relation between
general grammatical classes and the role they play in structuring a conversation.
The most commonly discussed example of this is the realization of demands for
goods and services. Each class considered so far for example, imperative,
declarative and interrogative mood, can be used to code a Command: (a) Get me
the new one, please? - Allright, I will, (b) I'd like the new one, please? - Allright,
(c) Can I have the new one, please? - Allright.
Evidence for the fact that the different grammatical classes are performing
a related discourse function comes from their context: from their co-text the
inclusion ofplease and tho reply allright; and from the context of situation, where
one might well observe goods being exchanged. Furthermore, as can be seen from
the examples above, the relevance of the co-text is also grammaticalised in
English. There is a major pattern to be considered. It can be established with
respect to the more general Mood function, Mood (including Subject, Finite, and
Mood adjuncts) and Residue (including Predicator, Complement and other
Adjuncts).
Mood (Radford, 2004: 462) is a term describing inflectional properties of
finite verbs. That means mood explains about verbs in the content of the sentence
itself. This statement bas been more complete by Martin (1992: 30) concerns with
the semantics of mood in English (the grammatical description of mood proposed
in Halliday 1976b: 105-11 0). Its basic concern will be interpreting mood from a
discourse perspective as a resource for negotiating meaning in dialogue. To
consider two central mood systems, which classify English clauses as three basic
4
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types of interact, such as declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Traditionally,
these systems and structures require a richer interpretation, beyond fonn, in spite
of the fact that the content of the tenns is less than transparent. Semantically
oriented labels of this kind highlight the meaning of the grammatical tenns and
are used throughout Halliday (198Sa) to focus on the grammar as a functionally
organized meaning making resource (rather than as a syntax, or set of fonns). In
fact, no attempt is made to distinguish stratally between grammar and meaning:
rather the grammar in infused with meaning, and a stratal distinction between
grammar and semantics systematically blurred. So, an attempt will be made to
unpick the boundary between grammar and semantics in a syntactic functional
interpretation of English and Halliday's relabelling provides a point of departure
for stratifying the content plane.
Following Halliday (1984a) the semantic inventory of interacts can now be
expanded into four pairs, which will be referred to provisionally, following work
..
in ethno methodology (e.g. Schegloff & Sacks 1973) namely (a) offer
(acknowledge offer): can I get you a drink?- yes, thanks, (b) command (response
offer to command): get me a drink, will you? - alright, I will, (c) statement
(acknowledge statement): the match is at 2 pm- oh, is it?, (d) question (response
statement to question): what time's the match? - at 2 pm. The grammar then
makes available resources for trying an initiation to a response (ellipsis and
substitution) and for orienting the exchange to goods and services or infonnation
and to giving or demanding (declarative, interrogative, and imperative). The mood
systems considered to this point are along with the speech function.
f
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li
According to Martin (1992: 36) speech function (discourse semantics) has
been stratified with respect to mood (lexicogrammar) on the content plane. In
another research, Sulaiman (2007) "Speech Functions in Classroom Interaction"
concludes that speech functions absent in those of mood. From that case, the
researcher gets the problem of the research which is realization of speech function
in mood, derive the dominant of speech function and reason for the use of the
dominant speech function.
Realization of speech function in mood has implementation in many ways,
for example in the speech. Speech, according to Saussure ((1916) 1986: 19), is the
sum total of what people say, and it comprises (a) individual combinations of
words, depending on the will of the speakers, and (b) acts of phonation, which are
also voluntary and are necessary for the execution of the speakers' combinations
of words. That means speech is acting of phonation realized in the words. Its
added from another opinion that speech is the vocalized form of human
communication. It is based upon the syntactic combination of lexicals and names
that are drawn from very large (usually >10,000 different words) vocabularies.
These vocabularies, the &yntax which structures them, and their set of speech
sound units, differ creating the existence of many thousands of different types of
mutually unintelligible human languages (http://en.wik.ipedia.org/wiki/Speech).
From that statement above, researcher conclude that speech is the collection of
many vocabularies in the several forms of the grammatical structures. Speech has
the four basic types, they are: to inform, to instruct, to entertain, and to persuade.
6
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These are not mutually exclusive of one another. You may have several purposes
in mind when giving your presentation.
In this study the researcher is interested in analyzing realization of speech
function in mood in President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches.
These are some reason to emphasize her interests in the research. Firstly, based on
the theory that there is a
m~or
pattern to be considered which realization of
speech function in mood is because according to Martin (1992: 36) speech
function (discourse semantics) has been stratified with respect to mood
(lexicogrammar) on the content plane. That means realization of speech function
in mood can help the reader to find out the kinds of the structure in the sentence
and the meaning of the sentence which refers to get the information from the
sentence itself.
Secondly, based on the previously research's findings in which for
example; there is researcher analyzed speech function in several phenomena
..
namely Sembiring (2009) who analyzed "Speech Function in Slogan of Television
Advertisement" in this study with speech functions in the slogan of television
advertisement. In the theory of speech functions, Martin (1992: 36) states that
speech function is a semantic aspect of meaning which is realized by mood at
level of lexicogrammar. In this case, all the speech function should be coded by
three moods namely declarative, interrogative, and imperative. The four speech
functions (offer, command, statement, and question) are semantic in nature. They
find their realizations in mood which is an aspect of interpersonal meaning at the
level of lexicogrammatical. In their congruent representation, the speech functions
7
of the statement, question. and command are realized by declarative, inteJTogative,
..
and imperative. The finding of this study is that speech fUnction used in slogan of
shampoo product is giving statement or give information. From the previous
research above, the research conclude that the research explained about speech
fUnction of the statement, question. and command are realized by kinds of mood
{declarative, interrogative. and imperative) in slogan oftelevision advertisement.
In this research, researcher wants to make specifically analyzing realization of
speech fUnction in mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches.
The speeches are taken from Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) as
issued on Jakarta "Bombings" July 18, 2009 and President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono's (SBY) speech about "SMS bermasalah", Jakarta, Monday, 30 Mei
2011. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, also known by his initials SBY, won over
voters in Indonesia's first democratic elections with his image as a man of
integrity, a strong communicator and firm leader in times of crisis. Mr.
Yudhoyono is probably best known internationally for his leading role in
Indonesia's fight against terrorism in the wake of the Bali bombing in 2009. His
speech on the anniversary of the attack was seen as one of the strongest delivered
by any Indonesian leader on an issue which is still politically sensitive. SBY is
also working on establishing an engagement platform with the world that rests on
peace, democracy and economic development to gain leadership status. From the
phenomena, the researcher wants to describe realization of speech fUnction in
mood in SBY speeches.
...
8
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.
1.2 Problem of the Study
In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of this study
are formulated as follows.
1. How are speech functions realized in moods in SBY speeches?
2. What is the dominant speech function in SBY speeches?
3. Why is the dominant speech function realized in the way it is?
1.3 Objective of the Study
In relation of the problems, the objectives of the study are
l. to identify speech functions realized in moods in SBY's speeches,
2. to identify the dominant speech function in SBY's speeches, and
3. the reason for the use of the dominant speech function.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on realization of speech function in mood. This
research concerns on the four primary speech functions, namely statement,
question, command, and offer. They are investigated in their realizations of mood.
Mood focuses on the kinds of mood. They are (1) declarative, (2) interrogative,
and (3) imperative.
To avoid the broad discussion and to make this research manageable, this
research concerns on SBY's speeches such as SBY's Speech on the Jakarta
"Bombings" July 18, 2009
and President SBY's speech about "SMS
bermasalah ", Jakarta, Monday, 30 Mei 2011. The researcher chooses both of the
speeches because the speaker has the same strong emotion in the speech.
•
9
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1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are expected to give some relevant contribution
to the following.
I. Theoretically, grammatical research through realization of speech function
in mood in the speech gives contributions about how the units combine to
produce acceptable sentences and how to describe the language works.
2. Practically, the finding of this study can be used as a model to identify and
understand about realization of speech function in mood in the speech for
social phenomenon such as daily conversation, dialogue, text, story and so
on.
3. Academically the finding can be a helpful way for developing and
increasing the world science especially in educating of discourse and
pragmatics in the education department. Moreover, it is the specific
contribution to the language itself.
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CHAPTERV
•
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Coaclusioas
After analyzing the data conclusions are drawn as the following.
(1) The realization of speech functions of the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's
speeches is in mood. The first speech, "Bombings" speech function has
realized in mood which has 50.51%. Four types of speech function has
realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative
which has 56.29%. COmmand has realized in imperative which has 8.70%.
Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in
interrogative which has 50%. The second speech, "SMS Bermasalah"
speech function has realized in mood which has 44.900/o. Four types of
speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has
realized in declarative which has 54.32%. Command has realized in
imperative which has 18.18%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%.
Question has realized in interrogative which has 0%. Speech function has
realized in mood by elaboration in the Table 1.2: elaboration realization of
speech function in mood.
(2) The types of speech t\mction in both of the speeches are: statement, offer,
question, and command. The dominant speech function in the first speech
is statement (95.92%) and the seeond speech is statement (89.80%). Both
of the speeches statement is the dominant speech function, this happens
90
91
because Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the
..
..
infonnation for the people. He was explaining about the case or issue to
the people. so that the aim of the speaking was to clarify the people about
the issue. The first speech. the issue is about bombings which were
happened in the public area when the condition has got well. The second
speech. the issue is about short message which was talking about SBY. It
made him angry about the content of the message because it was talking
all about his weakness. This research has found that the speech is almost
using statement in the sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the
people about the problem or the issue. The sentence of the speech should
be clear because it can make different interpretation if the speech is not
clear. The main function of speech is giving. explaining. and clarifying
something happens in the society.
(3) The four speech functions in initiating are realized as follows: statement
realized by declarative Mood. question realized by interrogative Mood.
and command realized by imperative Mood. The researcher concludes that
speech function refers to the verb in the sentence. It categorizes in the
semantics term. Semantics term has realized in the lexicogrammar. Every
sentence has realized in the speech function. and also speech function in
semantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. The conclusion
is speech as the object of the study which realizes in the speech function
and mood. It could be dominant using of speech function. So that is the
reason why speech function is the dominant using in the speech.
92
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are stated as the following.
(1) For the leader, do the speech without any political affairs. Be honest, wise,
and capable to put on the condition in the right track because a good leader
comes from a good behavior.
(2) For the language students, to do research about the speech side in many
area of research. This is to make it be one of the many areas of the
research because speech is many implicit meaning inside. So, that is the
big chance to explore in another field of the language itself.
(3) It is recommended to the lecturer hoped to give the attention by studying
about the speech in the class. It can help the students to make the speech
which is not long-winded speech .
..
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtammatical_mood
http://web.mac.com/cmatthie_Glossary.html
http://en.wildpedia.org/wikl/Speech
http://www.nsknet.or.jp/-peterr-slpublic_speakinglspeechtypes.html
http://www.indonesiatogo.com/2009/07/18/sby-speech-about-the-bombing/
http://en. wikipedia.orglwiki/News_conference
http://www.rimanews.com
http://www.presidensby.infofmdex.php/perslpresiden/2010/12/02/535.btml
http:/lwww.famous-speeches-and-speech-topics.info/speecb-topicslinformativespeech.htm
..