Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis Pada Hidrolisis Limbah Kulit Kakao Untuk Memperoleh Glukosa SebagaiBahan Pembuatan Bioetanol
ABSTRAK
Bioetanol adalah salah satu bentuk energi terbarukan yang menjanjikan.Sumber
energibioetanol dapat berasal dari limbah pertanian yang jarang dimanfaatkan seperti
limbah kulit kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan
padatan : air dan konsentrasi katalis terhadap perolehan kadar gula reduksi dari tepung
kulit kakao. Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah limbahkulit kakao dari perkerbunan
kakao. Variabel-variabel yang diamati antaralain perbandingan padatan : air dan
konsentrasi katalis pada hidrolisis. Kulit kakao yang sudah dikeringkan di ball mill
hingga ukuran 100 mesh lalu ditambahkan katalis asam sulfat dengan konsentrasi 2M,
3M, dan 4M, lalu dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan pemanas hot plate.Proses hidrolisis
berlangsung pada suhu 100 °C dan waktu hidrolisis selama 2 jam. Kemudian hasil
hidrolisis (hidrolisat) dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisat kulit kakao mengandung gula reduksi yang dapat
digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol.Analisa kuantitatif terhadap kadar
gula reduksi menunjukkan bahwa % kadar gula reduksi semakin besar seiring dengan
bertambahnya konsentrasi katalis dan berbanding terbalik dengan rasio bahan baku.
Kadar gula redusi yang paling baik yaitu 30,67 % didapatkan pada suhu 100°Cdalam
waktu 120 menit dengan perbandingan padatan: air 1:5 dan konsentrasi katalis 4 M.
Kata kunci: Bioetanol, kulit kakao, asam sulfat, hidrolisis asam, gula reduksi
vi
ABSTRACT
Bioethanol is one kind of renewable energy which promises in this world. The
energy source of bioethanol can be got from plantation wastes which are scarecely
useful such as husk cacao waste. The purpose of this research is knowing the ratio
effect of solid : water and the concentration of catalyst about the gain of the degree of
reducter sugar from husk cacao powder. The main substances used in this research are
husk cacao wastes from cacao plantation and sulphate acid. The variables used in this
research are the ratio of solid : water and the concentration of catalyst in hydrolysis
process. The husk cacao which had been dried by sun light were milled in a ball mill,
filtered by strainer 100 mesh, added with sulphate acid catalyst which had
concentration 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M, and afterwards done hydrolysis process by using hot
plate. The hydrolysis process took at 100 oC degree and two hours and then the
hydrolysates were analyzed in quantitative and qualitative. The result of this research
indicated that the hydrolysate of husk cacao contented reducted sugar.which can be
used as the main substance to produce bioethanol. The quantitative analysis about
reduction sugar degree indicated the reducted sugar degree increased as many as the
catalyst concentrations and had reverse proportion with the main substance ratio. The
best reducted sugar is 30,67% which was produced at at 100 oC degree in 120 minutes
by using ratio between solid : water was 1 : 5 and catalyst concentration was 4 M.
Key words: Bioethanol, husk cacao, sulphate acid, acid hydroysis, reducted sugar.
vii
Bioetanol adalah salah satu bentuk energi terbarukan yang menjanjikan.Sumber
energibioetanol dapat berasal dari limbah pertanian yang jarang dimanfaatkan seperti
limbah kulit kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan
padatan : air dan konsentrasi katalis terhadap perolehan kadar gula reduksi dari tepung
kulit kakao. Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah limbahkulit kakao dari perkerbunan
kakao. Variabel-variabel yang diamati antaralain perbandingan padatan : air dan
konsentrasi katalis pada hidrolisis. Kulit kakao yang sudah dikeringkan di ball mill
hingga ukuran 100 mesh lalu ditambahkan katalis asam sulfat dengan konsentrasi 2M,
3M, dan 4M, lalu dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan pemanas hot plate.Proses hidrolisis
berlangsung pada suhu 100 °C dan waktu hidrolisis selama 2 jam. Kemudian hasil
hidrolisis (hidrolisat) dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisat kulit kakao mengandung gula reduksi yang dapat
digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol.Analisa kuantitatif terhadap kadar
gula reduksi menunjukkan bahwa % kadar gula reduksi semakin besar seiring dengan
bertambahnya konsentrasi katalis dan berbanding terbalik dengan rasio bahan baku.
Kadar gula redusi yang paling baik yaitu 30,67 % didapatkan pada suhu 100°Cdalam
waktu 120 menit dengan perbandingan padatan: air 1:5 dan konsentrasi katalis 4 M.
Kata kunci: Bioetanol, kulit kakao, asam sulfat, hidrolisis asam, gula reduksi
vi
ABSTRACT
Bioethanol is one kind of renewable energy which promises in this world. The
energy source of bioethanol can be got from plantation wastes which are scarecely
useful such as husk cacao waste. The purpose of this research is knowing the ratio
effect of solid : water and the concentration of catalyst about the gain of the degree of
reducter sugar from husk cacao powder. The main substances used in this research are
husk cacao wastes from cacao plantation and sulphate acid. The variables used in this
research are the ratio of solid : water and the concentration of catalyst in hydrolysis
process. The husk cacao which had been dried by sun light were milled in a ball mill,
filtered by strainer 100 mesh, added with sulphate acid catalyst which had
concentration 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M, and afterwards done hydrolysis process by using hot
plate. The hydrolysis process took at 100 oC degree and two hours and then the
hydrolysates were analyzed in quantitative and qualitative. The result of this research
indicated that the hydrolysate of husk cacao contented reducted sugar.which can be
used as the main substance to produce bioethanol. The quantitative analysis about
reduction sugar degree indicated the reducted sugar degree increased as many as the
catalyst concentrations and had reverse proportion with the main substance ratio. The
best reducted sugar is 30,67% which was produced at at 100 oC degree in 120 minutes
by using ratio between solid : water was 1 : 5 and catalyst concentration was 4 M.
Key words: Bioethanol, husk cacao, sulphate acid, acid hydroysis, reducted sugar.
vii