Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (Cmc) Dari Selulosa Hasil Isolasi Kulit Buah Durian (Duriozibethinus Murr) Melalui Reaksi Dengan Asam Monokloroasetat
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adel, A.M., Abou-Yussef, H., El-gendy A.A., Nada, A.M., (2010),Carboxymethylated Cellulose Hydrogel; Sorption Behavior and
Characterization. Cellulose and paper department, National research
centre, Cairo,Egypt.
Angkasa,
S. dan Nazaruddin.(1994),Sukun
Swadaya,Jakarta.
dan
Keluwih,
Penebar
Atalla, R.H., (1987), Structure of cellulose, Characterization of The Solid States,
ACS Symposium series , NO. 340, Washington.
Ashari,
S.,
(2004),
Biologi
Reproduksi
Tanaman
Buah-buahan
Komersial,Edisipertama,Bayumedia Publishing, Malang.
Awalludin, A., (2004), Karboksimetilasi Selulosa Bakteri, Skripsi, Fakultas
Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Bogor : Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Belitz,H.D and W.Grosch., (1987),Food Chemistry,Translation from the second
German Edition by D. Hadziyev, Department of Food Science
University of Alberta, Canada.
Bird, T., (1993), Kimia Fisika Untuk Universitas. Gramedia. Jakarta
Coffey, D.G., Bell, D.A., and Handerson, A., (1995), Cellulose and Cellulose
Derivate,
New York.
Djaeni, M.A. Prasetyaningrum., (2010), Kelayakan Biji Durian Sebagai Bahan
Pangan Alternatif : Aspek Nutrisi Dan Tekno Ekonomi, Vol. 4,
Semarang.
Eliasson, A.C.,( 2004),Starch in Food. Structure, Function and Application,
Woodhead Publishing Limited, England.
Enari, T.M., (1983), Microbial Cellulase, Di dalam W.M Fogarty (ed). Microbial
Enzyme and Biotechnology Applied Science Publisher. New York.
Fardiaz, (1986),Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama ,Jakarta.
Fengel, D., and Wegener, G., (1995), Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi,
Gajah Mada University press, yogyakarta.
Griffin, W.C. (1994), Cosmetic hemistry. J.Soc 1 : 311. Dalam Martin, A.N.
1960. Physical Pharmacy.Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Hardjono, S. (1995), Kimia kayu dasar-dasar dan penggunaannya, Edisi kedua,
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Hart, H., Craine, L.E., and Hart, D.J., (2003), Kimia Organik.Edisi Kesebelas,
Jakarta : Erlangga.
Haygreen, J.G & Bowyer, J.L (2007), hasil Hutan dan Hasil Kayu. UGM.Press :
Yogyakarta.
Herman, T.F., (2009), Pengaruh Tingkat Pencampuran Terung Pyrus
(Cyphomandra betacea Sendt) dan Rumput Laut Dalam Pembuatan
Selai Lembaran, Skripsi, Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas
Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang.
Heydarzadeh H.D ,Najafpour G.D ,Nazari Moghaddam A.A (2009), CatalystFree Conversion of Alkali Cellulose to Fine Carboxymethyl Cellulose
at Mild Conditions.World apllied science journal (6). IDOSI
publication
Hong, K. M. (2013).,Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl
Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. (S). Departement of Cemical
Science. Faculty of Science. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Malaysia.
Klemm, D. (1998).,Fundamentals and Analytical Methods. Volume 1. New York
: Wiley-VCH
Krasigg, H.A., (1993).,Cellulose Structure accessibility and reactivity, Gordon
and breach science publisher,Yverdon, switzerland, Vol. 11.
Lehninger, A.L., (1988), Dasar-Dasar Biokimia, Jilid 1, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Latif, A., Anwar, T., and Noor, S., (2007).,Two step synthesis and charactrization
of carboxymethylcellulose rayon grade wood and cotton linter. Pcsir
laboratories complex,material science centre, Pakistan.
Manahan, S.E., (1994), Environmental Chemistry, Sixth Edition, London, Lewis
Publisher.
Martin, A.N., (1960), Physical Pharmacy. Philadelphia : lea & Febiger.
Menifie, B.W., (1989), Choclate,Cocoa,And Confectionery Science And
Technology, Third Edition, An Aspen Publication, United states Of
America.
Moore, G.K dan Roberts, G.A.F. (1980).Determination of The Degree of Nacetylation of Chitosan.Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2 : 115-116
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Najafpour,G.D., (2009), Catalys free Convertion of Alkali Cellulose fine
Carboxymethyl Cellulose at Mild Conditions. World Applied Sciences
Journal.6.
Nisa, D, (2014), Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Kulit Buah Kakao (Teobroma cacao
L)
sebagai bahan baku pembuatan CMC (carboxymethyl Cellulose),
Malang : Universitas Brawijaya.
Phillips,
G.O
and
P.A.
Williams.,
(1987),Handbook
Hydrocolloids,WoodheadPublishing Limited, Cambridge England.
of
Poedjiadi, A., (2006), Dasar-Dasar Biokimia, Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia.
Rukmana, R. (1996). Durian Budidaya Pasca Panen.Yogyakarta: Penerbit
Kanisius.
Sastrohamidjojo, H., (1995), Kimia Organik Stereo Kimia, Karbohidrat, Lemak
dan Protein,Yogyakarta, Gajah Mada University Press.
Saxena, I.M., and Brown, R.M.Jr., (1995), Identification of a second cellulose
synthase gene (acsAll) in Acetobacter xylinum, Journal of Bacteorology.
Setiadi,. (2007), Bertanam Durian, Jakarta : Penebar Swadaya
Setiyawan, Y., (2010), Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi. Bandung
: Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Sjostrom,
E., (1995), Kimia
Press.Yogyakarta.
Kayu,
Edisi
2.Gajah
Mada
University
Smook, G.A., (1982), Hand Book For Pulp And Pare Technologist. Boston :
Miller Freeman, Inc.
Wijayani, A., Ummah, K., dan Siti Tjahjani.( 2005). Karakteristik Karboksimetil
Selulosa (CMC) dari Enceng Gondok (Eichorniacrassipes (Mart)
Solms).Universitas Negeri Surabaya.Indo.J. Chem., 2005, 5 (3), 228 –
231
Wardrop, A.B., (1971). Occurrence and Formation in Plants. Dalam Lignins
Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reaction (Sarkanen,K.V). Wiley
intersci. New York.
Winarno, F. G., (1997), Kimia Pangan dan Gizi.Cetakan kedelapan. Penerbit PT.
Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Winarno, F.G., (1984),Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Wulandari, G.R.., (2014), Sintesis O-karboksimetil N-lauril kitosan melalui
eterifikasi kitosan dengan asam monokloroasetat dan diikuti asilasi
dengan lauril klorida, Universitas sumatera utara, Medan.
Yazid, E,.(2005), Kimia Fisika Untuk Paramedis.Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Adel, A.M., Abou-Yussef, H., El-gendy A.A., Nada, A.M., (2010),Carboxymethylated Cellulose Hydrogel; Sorption Behavior and
Characterization. Cellulose and paper department, National research
centre, Cairo,Egypt.
Angkasa,
S. dan Nazaruddin.(1994),Sukun
Swadaya,Jakarta.
dan
Keluwih,
Penebar
Atalla, R.H., (1987), Structure of cellulose, Characterization of The Solid States,
ACS Symposium series , NO. 340, Washington.
Ashari,
S.,
(2004),
Biologi
Reproduksi
Tanaman
Buah-buahan
Komersial,Edisipertama,Bayumedia Publishing, Malang.
Awalludin, A., (2004), Karboksimetilasi Selulosa Bakteri, Skripsi, Fakultas
Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Bogor : Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Belitz,H.D and W.Grosch., (1987),Food Chemistry,Translation from the second
German Edition by D. Hadziyev, Department of Food Science
University of Alberta, Canada.
Bird, T., (1993), Kimia Fisika Untuk Universitas. Gramedia. Jakarta
Coffey, D.G., Bell, D.A., and Handerson, A., (1995), Cellulose and Cellulose
Derivate,
New York.
Djaeni, M.A. Prasetyaningrum., (2010), Kelayakan Biji Durian Sebagai Bahan
Pangan Alternatif : Aspek Nutrisi Dan Tekno Ekonomi, Vol. 4,
Semarang.
Eliasson, A.C.,( 2004),Starch in Food. Structure, Function and Application,
Woodhead Publishing Limited, England.
Enari, T.M., (1983), Microbial Cellulase, Di dalam W.M Fogarty (ed). Microbial
Enzyme and Biotechnology Applied Science Publisher. New York.
Fardiaz, (1986),Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama ,Jakarta.
Fengel, D., and Wegener, G., (1995), Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi,
Gajah Mada University press, yogyakarta.
Griffin, W.C. (1994), Cosmetic hemistry. J.Soc 1 : 311. Dalam Martin, A.N.
1960. Physical Pharmacy.Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Hardjono, S. (1995), Kimia kayu dasar-dasar dan penggunaannya, Edisi kedua,
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Hart, H., Craine, L.E., and Hart, D.J., (2003), Kimia Organik.Edisi Kesebelas,
Jakarta : Erlangga.
Haygreen, J.G & Bowyer, J.L (2007), hasil Hutan dan Hasil Kayu. UGM.Press :
Yogyakarta.
Herman, T.F., (2009), Pengaruh Tingkat Pencampuran Terung Pyrus
(Cyphomandra betacea Sendt) dan Rumput Laut Dalam Pembuatan
Selai Lembaran, Skripsi, Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas
Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang.
Heydarzadeh H.D ,Najafpour G.D ,Nazari Moghaddam A.A (2009), CatalystFree Conversion of Alkali Cellulose to Fine Carboxymethyl Cellulose
at Mild Conditions.World apllied science journal (6). IDOSI
publication
Hong, K. M. (2013).,Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl
Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. (S). Departement of Cemical
Science. Faculty of Science. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Malaysia.
Klemm, D. (1998).,Fundamentals and Analytical Methods. Volume 1. New York
: Wiley-VCH
Krasigg, H.A., (1993).,Cellulose Structure accessibility and reactivity, Gordon
and breach science publisher,Yverdon, switzerland, Vol. 11.
Lehninger, A.L., (1988), Dasar-Dasar Biokimia, Jilid 1, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Latif, A., Anwar, T., and Noor, S., (2007).,Two step synthesis and charactrization
of carboxymethylcellulose rayon grade wood and cotton linter. Pcsir
laboratories complex,material science centre, Pakistan.
Manahan, S.E., (1994), Environmental Chemistry, Sixth Edition, London, Lewis
Publisher.
Martin, A.N., (1960), Physical Pharmacy. Philadelphia : lea & Febiger.
Menifie, B.W., (1989), Choclate,Cocoa,And Confectionery Science And
Technology, Third Edition, An Aspen Publication, United states Of
America.
Moore, G.K dan Roberts, G.A.F. (1980).Determination of The Degree of Nacetylation of Chitosan.Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2 : 115-116
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Najafpour,G.D., (2009), Catalys free Convertion of Alkali Cellulose fine
Carboxymethyl Cellulose at Mild Conditions. World Applied Sciences
Journal.6.
Nisa, D, (2014), Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Kulit Buah Kakao (Teobroma cacao
L)
sebagai bahan baku pembuatan CMC (carboxymethyl Cellulose),
Malang : Universitas Brawijaya.
Phillips,
G.O
and
P.A.
Williams.,
(1987),Handbook
Hydrocolloids,WoodheadPublishing Limited, Cambridge England.
of
Poedjiadi, A., (2006), Dasar-Dasar Biokimia, Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia.
Rukmana, R. (1996). Durian Budidaya Pasca Panen.Yogyakarta: Penerbit
Kanisius.
Sastrohamidjojo, H., (1995), Kimia Organik Stereo Kimia, Karbohidrat, Lemak
dan Protein,Yogyakarta, Gajah Mada University Press.
Saxena, I.M., and Brown, R.M.Jr., (1995), Identification of a second cellulose
synthase gene (acsAll) in Acetobacter xylinum, Journal of Bacteorology.
Setiadi,. (2007), Bertanam Durian, Jakarta : Penebar Swadaya
Setiyawan, Y., (2010), Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi. Bandung
: Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Sjostrom,
E., (1995), Kimia
Press.Yogyakarta.
Kayu,
Edisi
2.Gajah
Mada
University
Smook, G.A., (1982), Hand Book For Pulp And Pare Technologist. Boston :
Miller Freeman, Inc.
Wijayani, A., Ummah, K., dan Siti Tjahjani.( 2005). Karakteristik Karboksimetil
Selulosa (CMC) dari Enceng Gondok (Eichorniacrassipes (Mart)
Solms).Universitas Negeri Surabaya.Indo.J. Chem., 2005, 5 (3), 228 –
231
Wardrop, A.B., (1971). Occurrence and Formation in Plants. Dalam Lignins
Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reaction (Sarkanen,K.V). Wiley
intersci. New York.
Winarno, F. G., (1997), Kimia Pangan dan Gizi.Cetakan kedelapan. Penerbit PT.
Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Winarno, F.G., (1984),Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Wulandari, G.R.., (2014), Sintesis O-karboksimetil N-lauril kitosan melalui
eterifikasi kitosan dengan asam monokloroasetat dan diikuti asilasi
dengan lauril klorida, Universitas sumatera utara, Medan.
Yazid, E,.(2005), Kimia Fisika Untuk Paramedis.Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta
Universitas Sumatera Utara