Pengomposan Shredded Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Tkks) Dengan Aktivator Pupuk Organik Aktif (Poa) Di Dalam Menara Composter: Pengaruh Sirkulasi Tumpukan Tkks
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Kementrian Pertanian. 2014. Outlock Komodity : Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Data
dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal. ISSN 1907-1507.
[2] Zahrim, A. Y dan Asis, T. 2010. Production of Non Shredded Empty Fruit
Bunch Semi Compost. Journal. The Institution of Engineers Malaysia, 71(4):1117.
[3] Kananam,Wathida., Tachapattaworakul, T.S., Chaisri, Suksaroj. 2011.
Biochemical Changes During Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunches
Composting With Decanter Sludge and Chicken Manure. Science Asia 37:17-23.
[4] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2014. Perkembangan Luas Areal Perkebunan
2008 - 2013. http://www.deptan.go.id/infoeksekutif/bun/BUN-asem2014/ArealKelapaSawit.pdf. Diakses pada 4 Februari 2016.
[5] Sentana, Suharwaji, Suyanto, Subroto, Suprapedi, dan Sudiyana. 2010.
Pengembangan dan Pengujian Inokulum Untuk Pengomposan Limbah Tandan
Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, Vol. 4, No. 2. LIPI.
[6] Tweib, Saleh Ali , Rakmi Abd Rahman dan Mohd. Sahaid Kalil. 2011. A
Literature Review on the Composting. International Conference on Environment
and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE vol.12 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press,
Singapore.
[7] Amanah, Farisatul. Pengaruh Pengadukan dan Komposisi Bahan Kompos
Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Campuran Lumpur Tinja. Jurusan Teknik
Lingkungan. Universitas Indonesia. Depok. 60/FT.TL.01/SKRIP/7/2012.
[8] Alkarimiah, Rosnani dan Rakmi Abd Rahman. 2014. Co-Composting of EFB
and POME with the Role of Nitrogen-Fixers Bacteria as Additives in Composting
Process-A Review. ISSN: 2319-5967 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International
Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 3.
[9] Rahman, Yossi. 2015. Composting Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)
dengan POA : Pengaruh Sirkulasi Tumpukan TKKS. Universitas Sumatera Utara :
Medan.
[10] Baharuddin, A.S., Wakasika, M., Shirai, Y., Abd-Aziz, S., Abdul Rahman,
A.N dan Hassan, A.M. 2009. Co – Composting Of Empty Fruit Bunches and
Partially Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluents in Pilot Scale. International Journal Of
Agricultural Research 4:2:69-78.
[11] Budi, Adi Yulianto,et al. 2009. Buku Pedoman Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu
: Konversi Sampah Pasar Menjadi Kompos Berkualitas Tinggi. Yayasan
Danamon Peduli. Jakarta
48
[12] Suhaimi, M dan H.K Ong. 2001. Composting. Empty Fruit Bunches Of Oil
Palm. Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI).
Malaysia.
[13] Kavitha, Jothimani, dan Rajannan. 2013. Empty Fruit Bunch- A Potential
Organic Manure For Agriculture. International Journal of Science, Environment
and Technology, Vol. 2, No 5, 2013, 930 – 937. ISSN 2278-3687.
[14] Amira, Dayana, Roshanida, Rosli, Siti Fatimah Zahrah, Mohd Anuar, J.1 dan
Nazrul Adha. 2011. Bioconversion of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm oil
mill effluent (POME) into compost using Trichoderma virens. African Journal of
Biotechnology Vol. 10(81), pp. 18775-18780, 16 December, 2011 Available
online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.2751 ISSN
1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals.
[15] Seni, Ida Auy Yadnya., I Wayan Dana Atmaja dan Ni Wayan Sri Sutari.
Analisis Kualitas Larutan MOL (Mikroorganisme Lokal) Berbasis Daun Gamal
(Gliricidia Sepium). E-Jurnal Agroteknologi Tropika. ISSN : 2301-6515 Vol.2,
No.2, April 2013
[16] Lubis, Fristyana Sosanty., Irvan, Dedy Anwar, Basril Amirza Harahap,
Bambang Trisakti. Kajian Awal Pembuatan Pupuk Cair Organik Dari Effluent
Pengolahan Lanjut Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) Skala Pilot. Jurnal
Teknik Kimia USU, Vol. 3, No. I (Maret 2014).
[17] Tirado, S.M. B.S. 2008. Effects Of Turning Frequency, File Size and Season
On Physical, Chemical And Bioligical Properties During Composting Of Dairy
Manure/Sawdust (DM+S). Ohio : Sc Thesis, Ohio State University.
[18] Composting Council Of Canada. 2003. Composting Processing
Technologies. Email/Courriel : info@compost.org Website/Site Internet :
www.compost.org
[19] Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. 1996. Composting Methods.
www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt.
[20] Mirwan, mohamad. Optimasi Penomposan sampah kebun dengan variasi
aerasi dan penambahan kotoran sapi sebagai bioaktivator. Jurnal ilmiah teknik
lingkungan. Vol. 4 no 1. Progran studi teknk lingkungan. FTSP UPN.
[21] Tchobanoglous, George. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management. Mc
Graw-Hill
[22]
UNEP.
2005.
Solid
Waste
Management
.http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publication/ spc/Vol I/14-Chapter 8.pdf. Diakses Pada
Tanggal : 19 Maret 2014
49
[23] Epstein, Eliot. 1997. The Science of Composting. United State of America:
Technomic Publishing Company, Inc
[24] SNI 19-7030-2004. Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
[25] Schloss, Patrick D., et al. 1999. The Use of the Analysis of Variance to
Assess the Influence of Mixing during Composting. New York: Elsevier.
[26] Sahwan, Firman L., Rosdiana Irawati dan Feddy Suryanto. 2004. Efektivitas
Pengkomposan Sampah Kota Dengan Menggunakan “Komposter” Skala Rumah
Tangga. Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan P3TL-BPPT.5.(2): 134-139.
[28] Sekarsari, Nindi. 2011. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengadukan Terhadap Proses
Pengomposan Open Windrow (Studi Kasus : UPS Jalan Jawa, Kota Depok).
Depok : Universitas Indonesia.
[29] Whitney, D.A. Soil Salinity. Pp. 59-60. In J.R. Brown (Ed.), Recommended
Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publ. No. 221
(revised). Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta. SB 1001. Columbia, MO
[30] Shen, Yuzun., Limei, Rein., Guoxuei, Li., Tongbi, Chen., Rui, Guo. 2010.
Influence Og Aeration on CH4, N2O and NH3 Missions During Aerobic
Composting of a Chicken Manure and High C/N Waste Mixture. Journal Of Waste
Management. 31: 33-38.
[31] Siong, Lim Hock.,Samsu, A.B.,et al. 2009. Physicochemical Changes in
Undrow Co-Composting Process of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber and Palm Oil Mill
Efluent Anaerobic Sludge. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3
(3): 2809-2816
[32] Tiquia, Sonia.M., et al. 2001. Dynamics of Yard Trimmings Composting as
Determined by Dehydrogenase Activity, ATP Content, Arginie Ammonification,
and Nitrification Potential. Journal Process Biochemistry. 37: 1057-1065
[33] Nutongkaew, Tanawut., Wiriya, Duangsuwan., Suteera, Prasertsan dan
Poonsuk Prasertsan. 2011. Production of Compost from Palm Oil Mill Biogas
Sludge Mixed With Palm Oil Mill Wastes and Biogas Effluent. Thailand : Tiche
International Conference.
[34] Pathak, A.K. et al. 2012. Assessment of physico- chemical properties and
microbial community during composting of municipal solid waste. Recent
Research in Science and Technology 2012, 4(4):10-14. ISSN: 2076-5061
[35] BPS. 2011. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Katalog BPS : 5504003
50
[36] Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor.2/pert/HK.060/2/2006. Tentang
Persyaratan Teknis Minimal Pupuk Organik.
[37] Ogunwade, G.A., Osunade, J.A., Ogunjumi, L.A.O. 2008. Effects Of Carbon
to Nitrogen Ratio and Turning Freaquency on Composting of Chicken Litter In
Turned-Windrow Piles. Agricultural Engineering Intenational: The CIGR
Ejournal. 07016 (x): 1-14.
[38] SNI 19-7030-2004. Badan Standarisasi Nasional
[39] Sundberg, C., Smars, S., Jonsson, H. 2004. Low pH as an Inhibiting Factor
in the Transsition From Mesophilic Phase in Composting. Journal of Bioresource
Technology. 95: 145-150
[40] Samsu, Baharudin Azhari., et al. 2010. Effects of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
(POME) Anaerobic Sludge From 500 m3 of Closed Anaerobic Methane Digested
Tank on Pressed – Shredded Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Composting Pocess.
African Journal of Biotechnology 9(16): 2427-2436.
[41] Junus, M. 1998. Rekayasa Penggunaan Sludge Limbah Ternak Sebagai
Bahan Pakan dan Pupuk Cair Tanaman. Jurnal Peneliti Ilmu-ilmu Hayati (Life
Scince) 10:2:93-106.
[42] Liu, Hong-Taw., Lu, Cai. 2014. Effect of Sewage Sludge Addition on The
Completion of Aerobic Composting of Thermally Hydrolyzed Kitchen Biogas
Residue. Journal of Bio Bioresource Technology. 9 (3): 4862-4872
[43] Sekman, Elif., Selin, T., Gamze, V., Mahmen, S.B. 2011. Pilot Scale
Investigation of Aeration Rate Effect on Leachate Characteristic in Landfills.
Freseniu Enviromental Bulletin. 20 (7a): 1841-1852
[44] Razali,Wan., Aizuddin, Wan., Samsu, A.B., Tarmeezee, A.T., Sulaiman, A.,
Nazli, M.N., Ali, M.H., Yoshito, S. 2012. Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit
Bunches (OFEFB) Fibre During Composting Process Using in Vessel Composter.
Journal of Bioresource Technology. 7 (11): 4786-4805.
51
[1] Kementrian Pertanian. 2014. Outlock Komodity : Kelapa Sawit. Pusat Data
dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal. ISSN 1907-1507.
[2] Zahrim, A. Y dan Asis, T. 2010. Production of Non Shredded Empty Fruit
Bunch Semi Compost. Journal. The Institution of Engineers Malaysia, 71(4):1117.
[3] Kananam,Wathida., Tachapattaworakul, T.S., Chaisri, Suksaroj. 2011.
Biochemical Changes During Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Empty Fruit Bunches
Composting With Decanter Sludge and Chicken Manure. Science Asia 37:17-23.
[4] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2014. Perkembangan Luas Areal Perkebunan
2008 - 2013. http://www.deptan.go.id/infoeksekutif/bun/BUN-asem2014/ArealKelapaSawit.pdf. Diakses pada 4 Februari 2016.
[5] Sentana, Suharwaji, Suyanto, Subroto, Suprapedi, dan Sudiyana. 2010.
Pengembangan dan Pengujian Inokulum Untuk Pengomposan Limbah Tandan
Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, Vol. 4, No. 2. LIPI.
[6] Tweib, Saleh Ali , Rakmi Abd Rahman dan Mohd. Sahaid Kalil. 2011. A
Literature Review on the Composting. International Conference on Environment
and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE vol.12 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press,
Singapore.
[7] Amanah, Farisatul. Pengaruh Pengadukan dan Komposisi Bahan Kompos
Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Campuran Lumpur Tinja. Jurusan Teknik
Lingkungan. Universitas Indonesia. Depok. 60/FT.TL.01/SKRIP/7/2012.
[8] Alkarimiah, Rosnani dan Rakmi Abd Rahman. 2014. Co-Composting of EFB
and POME with the Role of Nitrogen-Fixers Bacteria as Additives in Composting
Process-A Review. ISSN: 2319-5967 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International
Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 3.
[9] Rahman, Yossi. 2015. Composting Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)
dengan POA : Pengaruh Sirkulasi Tumpukan TKKS. Universitas Sumatera Utara :
Medan.
[10] Baharuddin, A.S., Wakasika, M., Shirai, Y., Abd-Aziz, S., Abdul Rahman,
A.N dan Hassan, A.M. 2009. Co – Composting Of Empty Fruit Bunches and
Partially Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluents in Pilot Scale. International Journal Of
Agricultural Research 4:2:69-78.
[11] Budi, Adi Yulianto,et al. 2009. Buku Pedoman Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu
: Konversi Sampah Pasar Menjadi Kompos Berkualitas Tinggi. Yayasan
Danamon Peduli. Jakarta
48
[12] Suhaimi, M dan H.K Ong. 2001. Composting. Empty Fruit Bunches Of Oil
Palm. Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI).
Malaysia.
[13] Kavitha, Jothimani, dan Rajannan. 2013. Empty Fruit Bunch- A Potential
Organic Manure For Agriculture. International Journal of Science, Environment
and Technology, Vol. 2, No 5, 2013, 930 – 937. ISSN 2278-3687.
[14] Amira, Dayana, Roshanida, Rosli, Siti Fatimah Zahrah, Mohd Anuar, J.1 dan
Nazrul Adha. 2011. Bioconversion of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm oil
mill effluent (POME) into compost using Trichoderma virens. African Journal of
Biotechnology Vol. 10(81), pp. 18775-18780, 16 December, 2011 Available
online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.2751 ISSN
1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals.
[15] Seni, Ida Auy Yadnya., I Wayan Dana Atmaja dan Ni Wayan Sri Sutari.
Analisis Kualitas Larutan MOL (Mikroorganisme Lokal) Berbasis Daun Gamal
(Gliricidia Sepium). E-Jurnal Agroteknologi Tropika. ISSN : 2301-6515 Vol.2,
No.2, April 2013
[16] Lubis, Fristyana Sosanty., Irvan, Dedy Anwar, Basril Amirza Harahap,
Bambang Trisakti. Kajian Awal Pembuatan Pupuk Cair Organik Dari Effluent
Pengolahan Lanjut Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) Skala Pilot. Jurnal
Teknik Kimia USU, Vol. 3, No. I (Maret 2014).
[17] Tirado, S.M. B.S. 2008. Effects Of Turning Frequency, File Size and Season
On Physical, Chemical And Bioligical Properties During Composting Of Dairy
Manure/Sawdust (DM+S). Ohio : Sc Thesis, Ohio State University.
[18] Composting Council Of Canada. 2003. Composting Processing
Technologies. Email/Courriel : info@compost.org Website/Site Internet :
www.compost.org
[19] Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. 1996. Composting Methods.
www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt.
[20] Mirwan, mohamad. Optimasi Penomposan sampah kebun dengan variasi
aerasi dan penambahan kotoran sapi sebagai bioaktivator. Jurnal ilmiah teknik
lingkungan. Vol. 4 no 1. Progran studi teknk lingkungan. FTSP UPN.
[21] Tchobanoglous, George. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management. Mc
Graw-Hill
[22]
UNEP.
2005.
Solid
Waste
Management
.http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publication/ spc/Vol I/14-Chapter 8.pdf. Diakses Pada
Tanggal : 19 Maret 2014
49
[23] Epstein, Eliot. 1997. The Science of Composting. United State of America:
Technomic Publishing Company, Inc
[24] SNI 19-7030-2004. Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
[25] Schloss, Patrick D., et al. 1999. The Use of the Analysis of Variance to
Assess the Influence of Mixing during Composting. New York: Elsevier.
[26] Sahwan, Firman L., Rosdiana Irawati dan Feddy Suryanto. 2004. Efektivitas
Pengkomposan Sampah Kota Dengan Menggunakan “Komposter” Skala Rumah
Tangga. Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan P3TL-BPPT.5.(2): 134-139.
[28] Sekarsari, Nindi. 2011. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengadukan Terhadap Proses
Pengomposan Open Windrow (Studi Kasus : UPS Jalan Jawa, Kota Depok).
Depok : Universitas Indonesia.
[29] Whitney, D.A. Soil Salinity. Pp. 59-60. In J.R. Brown (Ed.), Recommended
Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. NCR Publ. No. 221
(revised). Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta. SB 1001. Columbia, MO
[30] Shen, Yuzun., Limei, Rein., Guoxuei, Li., Tongbi, Chen., Rui, Guo. 2010.
Influence Og Aeration on CH4, N2O and NH3 Missions During Aerobic
Composting of a Chicken Manure and High C/N Waste Mixture. Journal Of Waste
Management. 31: 33-38.
[31] Siong, Lim Hock.,Samsu, A.B.,et al. 2009. Physicochemical Changes in
Undrow Co-Composting Process of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber and Palm Oil Mill
Efluent Anaerobic Sludge. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3
(3): 2809-2816
[32] Tiquia, Sonia.M., et al. 2001. Dynamics of Yard Trimmings Composting as
Determined by Dehydrogenase Activity, ATP Content, Arginie Ammonification,
and Nitrification Potential. Journal Process Biochemistry. 37: 1057-1065
[33] Nutongkaew, Tanawut., Wiriya, Duangsuwan., Suteera, Prasertsan dan
Poonsuk Prasertsan. 2011. Production of Compost from Palm Oil Mill Biogas
Sludge Mixed With Palm Oil Mill Wastes and Biogas Effluent. Thailand : Tiche
International Conference.
[34] Pathak, A.K. et al. 2012. Assessment of physico- chemical properties and
microbial community during composting of municipal solid waste. Recent
Research in Science and Technology 2012, 4(4):10-14. ISSN: 2076-5061
[35] BPS. 2011. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Katalog BPS : 5504003
50
[36] Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor.2/pert/HK.060/2/2006. Tentang
Persyaratan Teknis Minimal Pupuk Organik.
[37] Ogunwade, G.A., Osunade, J.A., Ogunjumi, L.A.O. 2008. Effects Of Carbon
to Nitrogen Ratio and Turning Freaquency on Composting of Chicken Litter In
Turned-Windrow Piles. Agricultural Engineering Intenational: The CIGR
Ejournal. 07016 (x): 1-14.
[38] SNI 19-7030-2004. Badan Standarisasi Nasional
[39] Sundberg, C., Smars, S., Jonsson, H. 2004. Low pH as an Inhibiting Factor
in the Transsition From Mesophilic Phase in Composting. Journal of Bioresource
Technology. 95: 145-150
[40] Samsu, Baharudin Azhari., et al. 2010. Effects of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
(POME) Anaerobic Sludge From 500 m3 of Closed Anaerobic Methane Digested
Tank on Pressed – Shredded Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Composting Pocess.
African Journal of Biotechnology 9(16): 2427-2436.
[41] Junus, M. 1998. Rekayasa Penggunaan Sludge Limbah Ternak Sebagai
Bahan Pakan dan Pupuk Cair Tanaman. Jurnal Peneliti Ilmu-ilmu Hayati (Life
Scince) 10:2:93-106.
[42] Liu, Hong-Taw., Lu, Cai. 2014. Effect of Sewage Sludge Addition on The
Completion of Aerobic Composting of Thermally Hydrolyzed Kitchen Biogas
Residue. Journal of Bio Bioresource Technology. 9 (3): 4862-4872
[43] Sekman, Elif., Selin, T., Gamze, V., Mahmen, S.B. 2011. Pilot Scale
Investigation of Aeration Rate Effect on Leachate Characteristic in Landfills.
Freseniu Enviromental Bulletin. 20 (7a): 1841-1852
[44] Razali,Wan., Aizuddin, Wan., Samsu, A.B., Tarmeezee, A.T., Sulaiman, A.,
Nazli, M.N., Ali, M.H., Yoshito, S. 2012. Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit
Bunches (OFEFB) Fibre During Composting Process Using in Vessel Composter.
Journal of Bioresource Technology. 7 (11): 4786-4805.
51