POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN SHOWING DISAGREEMENT A THESIS
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN SHOWING DISAGREEMENT A THESIS by Paulus Roseno Student Number: 08.80.0027 FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2014
A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the
Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
by
Paulus Roseno
Student Number: 08.80.0027
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
2014
A THESIS ON POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN SHOWING DISAGREEMENT by Paulus Roseno Student Number: 08.80.0027 Approved by, Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP. M.Hum July 16, 2014 Major Sponsor Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D July 16, 2014 Co-Sponsor
A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on July 16, 2014 and declared
acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP. M.Hum __________________
Secretary : Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D __________________
Member : Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D __________________
Semarang, July 16 2014 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean, Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D NPP: 058.1.1996.201
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I want to express my gratefulness from the deepest heart for God of Un- iverse that always gives me many experiences of life in the process of finishing this thesis. He always teaches me how to be a better person through His plan in my life. Besides, let me to say thanks to one by one, the person that always be my inspiration and motivation to finish this thesis; 1.
My lovely mom and dad who never stop praying for me all the time.
2. My gentle brother Seto. You are the best brother I ever have. You never stop giving me positive words to build my spirit again.
3. My best buddy cink QiQi, even you are so very annoying sometimes, but you al- ways give your shoulder to lay my head on and you give me my best shelter when I do not know where I have to go.
4. My best college friend Karina, I can’t imagine if you are not in this faculty maybe I am just the ordinary student, but you have given me many stories of life how to be person who always enjoys this life.
5. Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP, M.Hum as my major-sponsor and also my second mother, who has sincerely guided me and given me support and advice in finishing my thesis. You are the very caring lecturer I ever know even you always say “I DON’T CARE”.
6. Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D as my co-major sponsor and also as the dean of faculty of Language and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University, for supporting me by giving the facility on the faculty and spend time to always give me correction while you are so busy.
7. All the lecturers and staffs of Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic Universi- ty, especially who has helped and supported my study in Faculty of Letters
‘08; Anna ‘09) Last but not least, I would like to thank all people who might not be mentioned individually here. Thanks for the prayer, encouragement, and all supports during the study. God Bless You.
This thesis is especially dedicated to all of the special persons above and the readers.
With Love, Paulus Roseno
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF TITLE ....................................................................................................................... i PAGE OF APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. ii BOARD EXAMINERS ............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. vi LISTS OF TABLE ..................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRAK.................................................................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background of the study ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Field of the study ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Scope of the study ...................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Problem formulation .................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Objectives of the study .............................................................................................. 3
1.6 Significance of the study ........................................................................................... 3
1.7 Definition of terms ..................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................... 4
2.1 Politeness .................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Positive Politeness ............................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Negative Politeness .............................................................................................. 13
2.2 Disagreement strategies ............................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD .................................................................................. 20
3.1 Method of Data Collection ........................................................................................ 20
3.1.1 Participants ........................................................................................................... 20
3.1.2 Instruments ........................................................................................................... 21
3.1.3 Procedure .............................................................................................................. 22
3.2 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. 24
CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 26
4.1 Disagreement Strategy used in Situation 1 ............................................................... 27
4.1.1 One strategy ......................................................................................................... 27
4.1.2 Combination of two strategies ............................................................................ 28
4.1.3 Combination of three strategies .......................................................................... 29
4.2 Politeness Strategy used in Situation 1 ..................................................................... 31
4.3Disagreement Strategy used in Situation 2 ................................................................ 31
4.3.1 One strategy ......................................................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Combination of two strategies ............................................................................ 33
4.3.3 Combination of three strategies .......................................................................... 35
4.3.4 Combination of four strategies ............................................................................ 36
4.4 Politeness Strategy used in Situation 2 ..................................................................... 37
4.5 Disagreement Strategy used in Situation 3 ............................................................... 38
4.5.1 One strategy ......................................................................................................... 38
4.5.2 Combination of two strategies ............................................................................ 39
4.5.3 Combination of three strategies .......................................................................... 41
4.6 Politeness Strategy used in Situation 3 ..................................................................... 42
4.7 Disagreement Strategy used in Situation 4 ............................................................... 42
4.7.1 One strategy One strategy ................................................................................... 43
4.7.2 Combination of two strategies ............................................................................ 44
4.7.3 Combination of three strategies .......................................................................... 46
4.7.4 Combination of four strategies ............................................................................ 47
4.8 Politeness Strategy used in Situation 4 ..................................................................... 48
4.9 General Discussion .................................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................................ 51
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 51
5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................................. 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX
LISTS OF TABLE
List of Table 4.1.1 : Frequency of using one disagreement strategy in situation 1 …………………………………………………………………………27
List of Table 4.1.2 : Frequency of using a combination of two strategies in situation 1 …………………………………………………………………………28
List of Table 4.1.3 : Frequency of using a combination of three strategies in situation 1 …………………………………………………………………………29
List of Table 4.3.1 : Frequency of using one disagreement strategy in situation 2 …………………………………………………………………………32
List of Table 4.3.2 : Frequency of using a combination of two strategies in situation 2 …………………………………………………………………………33
List of Table 4.3.3 : Frequency of using a combination of three strategies in situation 2 …………………………………………………………………………35
List of Table 4.3.4 : Frequency of using a combination of four strategies in situation 2 …………………………………………………………………………36
List of Table 4.5.1 : Frequency of using one disagreement strategy in situation 3 …………………………………………………………………………38
List of Table 4.5.2 : Frequency of using a combination of two strategies in situation 3 …………………………………………………………………………39
List of Table 4.5.3 : Frequency of using a combination of three strategies in situation 3 …………………………………………………………………………41
List of Table 4.7.1 : Frequency of using one disagreement strategy in situation 4 …………………………………………………………………………43
List of Table 4.7.2 : Frequency of using a combination of two strategies in situation 4 …………………………………………………………………………44
List of Table 4.7.3 : Frequency of using a combination of three strategies in situation 4 …………………………………………………………………………46
List of Table 4.7.4 : Frequency of using a combination of four strategies in situation 4 …………………………………………………………………………47
List of Table 4.9 : The total frequency of disagreement strategies …………………………………………………………………………49
ABSTRACT
In this study, the writer wanted to find out how the disagreement and politeness strategies used by the students to their lecturers. This study took 50 students of the Faculty of Languages and Arts Soegijapranata Catholic University as participants. The writer used politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1978) and also Garcia’s theory quoted in Nguyen (2009) to classify the types of disagreement strategies. The writer distributed questionnaire to the participants to get their responses on how they show their disagreement toward their lecturer in four different sit- uations. The writers found that most students apply the strategy of giving reasons to show their disapproval. Besides, the participants also apply negative politeness strategies in showing disa- greement. This proves that when students encounter a situation where they have to disagree with the lecturers, they rarely acknowledge their mistakes although they still show their respect for their lecturers.
ABSTRAK
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis ingin mencari tahu seberapa sering disagreement dan politeness
strategy
digunakan oleh mahasiswa/i terhadap dosen mereka. Skripsi ini ini mengambil 50 mahasiswa/i Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata sebagai peserta. Penulis menggunakan politeness theory dari Brown dan Levinson (1978) dan juga teori Garcia yang dikutip dalam jurnal Nguyen (2009) untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis disagreement
strategy
. Penulis menggunakan kuesioner kepada peserta untuk mendapatkan tanggapan ba- gaimana mereka menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan kepada dosen mereka dalam empat situasi yang berbeda. Penulis menemukan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa/i menerapkan strategy of giv-
ing reason
untuk menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan mereka. Selain itu, peserta juga menggunakan
politeness strategy of giving deference
untuk mennujukkan ketidaksetujuan mereka. Ini membuktikan bahwa ketika mahasiswa/i menghadapi situasi di mana mereka harus tidak setuju kepada dosen mereka, mereka jarang mengakui kesalahan mereka tetapi mereka masih menunjukkan rasa hormat terhadap dosen mereka.