Pengelolaan Program Hutan Kemasyarakatan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal (Studi Kasus di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Sesaot Lombok Barat)
TESIS
PengelolaanProgramHutan Kemasyarakatan
BerbasisKearifan'Lokal
( Studi Kasus di KawasanHutan Lindung Sesaot Lombok Barat )
oleh:
Mukhtar
0820021005
Dipertahankan
di depanpenguji
PadaTanggal l2 Mei2010
Dan dinyatakanmemenuhisyarat
KomisiPembimbing,
h"&-
Prof.Dr.Ir. Kliwon Hidayat,MS.
Ketua
Anggota
Malang,
Brawijaya
$o[in*
PERNYATAAN
ORISINALITASTESIS
dengansebenar-benarnllq?!ryq
Sayamenyatakan
pengetahuan
saya,di dalamNaskahTESIsini
sepanjang
tidakt6rdipatkaryailmiahyangpernahdiajukanolehorang
di suatuPerguruan
gelarakademik
lainuntukmemperoleh
yangpernah
Tinggi,dantidakterdapatkaryaataupendapat
olehoranglain,kecualiyangsecara
ditulGatauditerbitkan
dalam
tertulis dikutip dalamnaskahini dan disebutkan
dandaftarPustaka.
sumberkutiPan
Apabilaternyatadi dalamnaskahTESISini dapat
sayabersedia
PLAGIASI,
terdapatunsur-unsur
dibuktikan
yangtelahsav?
dangelarakademik
TESISini digugurkan
peroleh(MAGISTER)dibatalkan,serta diprosessesuai
dengan peraturan perundang-undanga-nYangberlaku.
( UUltO.20Tahun2003,Pasal25 ayat?danpasal70 )
M alang,12M ei2010
'tiiil'"
Nama'.Mukhtar.........
:.082..002.1.Q0:........
pS :.PSLR........
PPSUB
JUDUL TESIS
gelolaanProgram Hutan Kemasya
P_en
rakatan Berbasis
Lgkal;
(studi
Kasus
di
Kawasan
HutanLindung
[earifa_n
Sesaot Lombok Barat)
Nama tahasiswa
NIM
ProgramStudi
ilukhtar
0820021005
Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya
Lingkungan
danPembangunan
Komisi Pembimblng:
Ketua
Anggota
Prof.Dr. lr. KliwonHidayat,M.Si
Prof.Dr. lr. Soemamo,M.Si
TimPengujl:
DosenPenguji1
DosenPenguji2
Prof.Dr. lr. SanggarKanto,M.Si
TanggalUjian
SK Penguji
Dr. lr. LilyAgustina,M.Si
12 Mei 2010
14/PMPSLP/SK
PPSUBI2OO9
,r'
Seminar
Hasil
: Rabu13Januari2010
RINGKASAN
Mukhtar, Program pascasarjana
per
-Brawijaya
PembangunanUniversitas
Kemasyarakatan
BerbasisKearifanLr
LindungSesaot LombokBarat. Komi
Anggota:Soemamo.
ProgramHutan Kemasarakatan
diujicobakansejak tahun 1995/1996,r
seluas25 ha, denganpenggarap
sebar
Pada tahun 1998 kemudiin diiakukan
masyarakatberbasisnilai-nilaikearifan
awig (aturan lokal pada Suku Sasak
kawasan.
Kenyataandi lapangan,kondisi
-gkologiskawasanhutan lindungsesaot
lnengafamipenurunan.Debitsungai Aik Nyit v"ng Graoa di kawasanhutan
lindung sesaot daram kurun wairtu
ltsse-2002) terah terjadi
penyusutandebit air sebesar 19,92.m3/detik.
"tgl...t.h-rnnrtini", peribatanmasvaratat
melalui program HKm, bertorakberakangoengan [onoiri
ekorogiskawasan
hutan.
. .. . Metodepenelitianmenggunakanrancangankualitatifdenganpendekatan
studi kasus. sumber data aiiu informanada-rahmaiyararat-vJ6i"dJ
ai
Kehutananmemaknai-tanaman
pohonuntukpengintegrasian
fungsikonservasi
gunamendukung
manfaatekonomi.
muatan
aturan
bgru.'
efektif
ue4aral.'HeH;ig"tT;u:[,3"i;JTn:l
ditanganiterdiridarisindikat
pencuriankayu,perili[u peramba-han
h-utjn,iraktek
gantirugilahandanpenegakan
komposisitanam.
Ke tiga, Penerapanprogram HKm oleh masyarakatbelum efektif
mendukungpelestariansumberdayahutan secara berkelanjut"n.F"n"t"p"n
yang difakukanmasih sebatas pada pelestarianjangka pendek.
l-t"i' it,
disebabkankarenamasyarakatlebih berorientasipacia
fumenuhankeinginan,
bukansemata-mata
untukmemenuhikebutuhanhidupnya.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,
pentingnyakajian tebih lanjut dari be
kesesuaianluas lahan terhadap ke<
Kesesuaianpola tanam untuk mendukr
fungsi ekonomi,(iii) perumusanmode
kelola kawasan;diperlukaninventarisasi
fahankefolaHKm; (2) aspektata keloft
pengembanganusaha produktifmelatr
menggeserintensifikasiproduksidi d
aspek tata kelola kelembagaan;untuk
program penguatan kapasitas dan
'ig-awig.Bagi kelembagaanpemerintah
arat yang di lapanganuntuk melakukan
bermain ganda serta dukungan
pengakuan
formalterhadap
Forum^"*"j:1.
ill
SUMMARY
Mukhtar,PosgraduateProgramme,Managementof Environmental
Resources
and Development,BrawijayaUniversity,May 17s 2010. community Forest
Managementon the basisof LocalWisdom:A Case Study in The piotection
Forestof Sesaot,WestemLombok.SupervisorCommision,Chairman:K1iwon
Hidayat,member:Soemamo.
programm(cFp) in west NusaTenggarahas been
The communityF_orest
commencingsince 1995/1996in the area of protectionforest in Seiaot at size of
25 ha, which involved59 farmerswith agroforestrysystem.The assesment of
the programmwas conductedin 1998 by the Nationil Departmentof Forestry.
The achievementof the programmwas'reportedto be g3 yo. Based on this
resufts,the areaof the programm
wasdevelopedinto236 ha wtth1,Z24farmers.
Duringthe implementation
of the communityForest programm(cFp),
there was a crucial social complictin betweentire communitlygroupi anO
govemmentas well as intemalconflictwithinthe groups. To dtteviate such
sociafproblems,the tocafgovemmenthas estabtished
the communityinstitution
on the basis of valuablelocal wisdom which called as Awig-Awig. The
terminologyo! Awig-Awigrefersto the localconventionof indigen-ous
Sisaknese
on the levelof farmergroupsand on the basisof forest zone.
Field observationshowsthat the environmental
quafityof the forest has
significantty.
This
was
indicated
by
decreising
water rechargeof
9:T:"rq9
18.32 m'/second wfthin six years (1ggB-ZOO2).
This meanlhat there walsno
positive contributionof being communityprogramme to the ecobjicalty
improvement
of the area.
The researchwas aimed to: (1) evatuate comprehensively
on the
understanding
of the localcommunityo
establishbetterunderstanding
of Awig-r
and (3) have better understandingr
implementation. Some theorieshavr
including:humanecologytheoryand symboricinteractional
theory.
The methodsof the researchwas a qualitativedesignusinga c2se study.
The respondenor key informanswere peoplewho livingaccrosthe area bothas
farmer being involvedin the programmand non-progrlmme
farmersas well as
-on
particular people who has better understanding the communityforest
progmmme.The informans.]veredeJerminedusing a snowballsampiing dan
purposivemethod. Data collectingwas conductedby a direct observatidn,indeepth interview,documentationand triangulationsiudy. Data analysiswas
done with deskriptiveanalyseusing Milesand ttubermanMooels.The itata ano
information validation..wastested using triangulationmethod and personat
confirmationvia deepdiscussion.
Resultsof research:E[E(, the communityforest programmaccordingto
local farmerswas'transletedas a chanceto have land ndHingin the forestirea
to be farmingsystem. As a results,the peopletend to behave-exsploitatively
and
economically in maximizingthe land use. fn relationto conservationfunction,
ther.ewere a discripancyunderstandingbetweencommunitygroupsand Foiest
lnstitution.The conservationaccordingto the local commirn-ny
dras transleted
from entirevegetationas economicobjective,so, the use of lani was dominated
by the Multy Purposes Trees species (Mprs) while based on the forest
tv
institution, the tree has to be integratedto the conservationfunctionto support
economicvalue.
Second, The revitalisationof Awig-awig as the locaf conventionof
implementing
the community.forest
programme
is thoughtto be just a symbolof
localvalue.Thus,the localwisdomwas not effeciiveto supportt-heintegration
of
conservation
and economicobjectivesof such programme. From 12 pointsof
conventionas wriftenon the Awig-Awigmanuscriptof Area Managmenen,
the
were only three point which have been accomodatedeffecivily by the
communitywhilethe rest of nine points were not obeyed.In otherwordi, the
peopletendto breakthe convention
on the Awig-Awig.li is importantto notethat
the conventionbased on Awig-Awigwhich were very difficultto be solved
including:illegallodggingsindicate,slashand burningt-heland,illegalproperty,
and conventionrelateto vegetation
composition
of the fand.
of the communityforest programmehas not
w!, The implementation
beeneffectiveto suportsustainable
forestmanagement.
The management
of the
programmseemsto be a shorttermtargetratherthan longthermt,arget.This is
morelikelydue to the willingness
orientation
of the localcommunityrai-her
thanto
meettheirdailyneeds.
Basedon the results,the academicrecommendation
proposedfor the
future researchare : (i) land suitabilityin relationto meet ti-re'sufficiency
of
farmersincome(ii) The appropriate
vegetation
composition
shouldbe appliedon
the agroforestry
systemto supportecologyand economicfunctionsof the forest.
(iii) Establisha strengthernmodelof communityinstitutionon the basisiof local
wisdomand localecologicalknowledge.
Practical recommendation (1) Zone management aspect:
reinventarisation
areal zone ,speed up a formal permitsto communityand
reconstruction
of the communityforestarea(2) Interpreneurships
management;
intervention programm on productive interpreneuirships;development
programmeon productiveinterpreneurships
throughsthrengthern
of womenrole
and changeintensification
systemfrom forestareato closenearbyor outsidethe
area (3) institutionmanagemen: for communityinstitution,the spesific
programmeto sthrengthembuildingcapacityof Awig-Awigis needed.A good
govemmentincludingpolicycommitment
in particularfor filedstaffsupervision
to
workbasedon law inforcement
is indespensible.
PengelolaanProgramHutan Kemasyarakatan
BerbasisKearifan'Lokal
( Studi Kasus di KawasanHutan Lindung Sesaot Lombok Barat )
oleh:
Mukhtar
0820021005
Dipertahankan
di depanpenguji
PadaTanggal l2 Mei2010
Dan dinyatakanmemenuhisyarat
KomisiPembimbing,
h"&-
Prof.Dr.Ir. Kliwon Hidayat,MS.
Ketua
Anggota
Malang,
Brawijaya
$o[in*
PERNYATAAN
ORISINALITASTESIS
dengansebenar-benarnllq?!ryq
Sayamenyatakan
pengetahuan
saya,di dalamNaskahTESIsini
sepanjang
tidakt6rdipatkaryailmiahyangpernahdiajukanolehorang
di suatuPerguruan
gelarakademik
lainuntukmemperoleh
yangpernah
Tinggi,dantidakterdapatkaryaataupendapat
olehoranglain,kecualiyangsecara
ditulGatauditerbitkan
dalam
tertulis dikutip dalamnaskahini dan disebutkan
dandaftarPustaka.
sumberkutiPan
Apabilaternyatadi dalamnaskahTESISini dapat
sayabersedia
PLAGIASI,
terdapatunsur-unsur
dibuktikan
yangtelahsav?
dangelarakademik
TESISini digugurkan
peroleh(MAGISTER)dibatalkan,serta diprosessesuai
dengan peraturan perundang-undanga-nYangberlaku.
( UUltO.20Tahun2003,Pasal25 ayat?danpasal70 )
M alang,12M ei2010
'tiiil'"
Nama'.Mukhtar.........
:.082..002.1.Q0:........
pS :.PSLR........
PPSUB
JUDUL TESIS
gelolaanProgram Hutan Kemasya
P_en
rakatan Berbasis
Lgkal;
(studi
Kasus
di
Kawasan
HutanLindung
[earifa_n
Sesaot Lombok Barat)
Nama tahasiswa
NIM
ProgramStudi
ilukhtar
0820021005
Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya
Lingkungan
danPembangunan
Komisi Pembimblng:
Ketua
Anggota
Prof.Dr. lr. KliwonHidayat,M.Si
Prof.Dr. lr. Soemamo,M.Si
TimPengujl:
DosenPenguji1
DosenPenguji2
Prof.Dr. lr. SanggarKanto,M.Si
TanggalUjian
SK Penguji
Dr. lr. LilyAgustina,M.Si
12 Mei 2010
14/PMPSLP/SK
PPSUBI2OO9
,r'
Seminar
Hasil
: Rabu13Januari2010
RINGKASAN
Mukhtar, Program pascasarjana
per
-Brawijaya
PembangunanUniversitas
Kemasyarakatan
BerbasisKearifanLr
LindungSesaot LombokBarat. Komi
Anggota:Soemamo.
ProgramHutan Kemasarakatan
diujicobakansejak tahun 1995/1996,r
seluas25 ha, denganpenggarap
sebar
Pada tahun 1998 kemudiin diiakukan
masyarakatberbasisnilai-nilaikearifan
awig (aturan lokal pada Suku Sasak
kawasan.
Kenyataandi lapangan,kondisi
-gkologiskawasanhutan lindungsesaot
lnengafamipenurunan.Debitsungai Aik Nyit v"ng Graoa di kawasanhutan
lindung sesaot daram kurun wairtu
ltsse-2002) terah terjadi
penyusutandebit air sebesar 19,92.m3/detik.
"tgl...t.h-rnnrtini", peribatanmasvaratat
melalui program HKm, bertorakberakangoengan [onoiri
ekorogiskawasan
hutan.
. .. . Metodepenelitianmenggunakanrancangankualitatifdenganpendekatan
studi kasus. sumber data aiiu informanada-rahmaiyararat-vJ6i"dJ
ai
Kehutananmemaknai-tanaman
pohonuntukpengintegrasian
fungsikonservasi
gunamendukung
manfaatekonomi.
muatan
aturan
bgru.'
efektif
ue4aral.'HeH;ig"tT;u:[,3"i;JTn:l
ditanganiterdiridarisindikat
pencuriankayu,perili[u peramba-han
h-utjn,iraktek
gantirugilahandanpenegakan
komposisitanam.
Ke tiga, Penerapanprogram HKm oleh masyarakatbelum efektif
mendukungpelestariansumberdayahutan secara berkelanjut"n.F"n"t"p"n
yang difakukanmasih sebatas pada pelestarianjangka pendek.
l-t"i' it,
disebabkankarenamasyarakatlebih berorientasipacia
fumenuhankeinginan,
bukansemata-mata
untukmemenuhikebutuhanhidupnya.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,
pentingnyakajian tebih lanjut dari be
kesesuaianluas lahan terhadap ke<
Kesesuaianpola tanam untuk mendukr
fungsi ekonomi,(iii) perumusanmode
kelola kawasan;diperlukaninventarisasi
fahankefolaHKm; (2) aspektata keloft
pengembanganusaha produktifmelatr
menggeserintensifikasiproduksidi d
aspek tata kelola kelembagaan;untuk
program penguatan kapasitas dan
'ig-awig.Bagi kelembagaanpemerintah
arat yang di lapanganuntuk melakukan
bermain ganda serta dukungan
pengakuan
formalterhadap
Forum^"*"j:1.
ill
SUMMARY
Mukhtar,PosgraduateProgramme,Managementof Environmental
Resources
and Development,BrawijayaUniversity,May 17s 2010. community Forest
Managementon the basisof LocalWisdom:A Case Study in The piotection
Forestof Sesaot,WestemLombok.SupervisorCommision,Chairman:K1iwon
Hidayat,member:Soemamo.
programm(cFp) in west NusaTenggarahas been
The communityF_orest
commencingsince 1995/1996in the area of protectionforest in Seiaot at size of
25 ha, which involved59 farmerswith agroforestrysystem.The assesment of
the programmwas conductedin 1998 by the Nationil Departmentof Forestry.
The achievementof the programmwas'reportedto be g3 yo. Based on this
resufts,the areaof the programm
wasdevelopedinto236 ha wtth1,Z24farmers.
Duringthe implementation
of the communityForest programm(cFp),
there was a crucial social complictin betweentire communitlygroupi anO
govemmentas well as intemalconflictwithinthe groups. To dtteviate such
sociafproblems,the tocafgovemmenthas estabtished
the communityinstitution
on the basis of valuablelocal wisdom which called as Awig-Awig. The
terminologyo! Awig-Awigrefersto the localconventionof indigen-ous
Sisaknese
on the levelof farmergroupsand on the basisof forest zone.
Field observationshowsthat the environmental
quafityof the forest has
significantty.
This
was
indicated
by
decreising
water rechargeof
9:T:"rq9
18.32 m'/second wfthin six years (1ggB-ZOO2).
This meanlhat there walsno
positive contributionof being communityprogramme to the ecobjicalty
improvement
of the area.
The researchwas aimed to: (1) evatuate comprehensively
on the
understanding
of the localcommunityo
establishbetterunderstanding
of Awig-r
and (3) have better understandingr
implementation. Some theorieshavr
including:humanecologytheoryand symboricinteractional
theory.
The methodsof the researchwas a qualitativedesignusinga c2se study.
The respondenor key informanswere peoplewho livingaccrosthe area bothas
farmer being involvedin the programmand non-progrlmme
farmersas well as
-on
particular people who has better understanding the communityforest
progmmme.The informans.]veredeJerminedusing a snowballsampiing dan
purposivemethod. Data collectingwas conductedby a direct observatidn,indeepth interview,documentationand triangulationsiudy. Data analysiswas
done with deskriptiveanalyseusing Milesand ttubermanMooels.The itata ano
information validation..wastested using triangulationmethod and personat
confirmationvia deepdiscussion.
Resultsof research:E[E(, the communityforest programmaccordingto
local farmerswas'transletedas a chanceto have land ndHingin the forestirea
to be farmingsystem. As a results,the peopletend to behave-exsploitatively
and
economically in maximizingthe land use. fn relationto conservationfunction,
ther.ewere a discripancyunderstandingbetweencommunitygroupsand Foiest
lnstitution.The conservationaccordingto the local commirn-ny
dras transleted
from entirevegetationas economicobjective,so, the use of lani was dominated
by the Multy Purposes Trees species (Mprs) while based on the forest
tv
institution, the tree has to be integratedto the conservationfunctionto support
economicvalue.
Second, The revitalisationof Awig-awig as the locaf conventionof
implementing
the community.forest
programme
is thoughtto be just a symbolof
localvalue.Thus,the localwisdomwas not effeciiveto supportt-heintegration
of
conservation
and economicobjectivesof such programme. From 12 pointsof
conventionas wriftenon the Awig-Awigmanuscriptof Area Managmenen,
the
were only three point which have been accomodatedeffecivily by the
communitywhilethe rest of nine points were not obeyed.In otherwordi, the
peopletendto breakthe convention
on the Awig-Awig.li is importantto notethat
the conventionbased on Awig-Awigwhich were very difficultto be solved
including:illegallodggingsindicate,slashand burningt-heland,illegalproperty,
and conventionrelateto vegetation
composition
of the fand.
of the communityforest programmehas not
w!, The implementation
beeneffectiveto suportsustainable
forestmanagement.
The management
of the
programmseemsto be a shorttermtargetratherthan longthermt,arget.This is
morelikelydue to the willingness
orientation
of the localcommunityrai-her
thanto
meettheirdailyneeds.
Basedon the results,the academicrecommendation
proposedfor the
future researchare : (i) land suitabilityin relationto meet ti-re'sufficiency
of
farmersincome(ii) The appropriate
vegetation
composition
shouldbe appliedon
the agroforestry
systemto supportecologyand economicfunctionsof the forest.
(iii) Establisha strengthernmodelof communityinstitutionon the basisiof local
wisdomand localecologicalknowledge.
Practical recommendation (1) Zone management aspect:
reinventarisation
areal zone ,speed up a formal permitsto communityand
reconstruction
of the communityforestarea(2) Interpreneurships
management;
intervention programm on productive interpreneuirships;development
programmeon productiveinterpreneurships
throughsthrengthern
of womenrole
and changeintensification
systemfrom forestareato closenearbyor outsidethe
area (3) institutionmanagemen: for communityinstitution,the spesific
programmeto sthrengthembuildingcapacityof Awig-Awigis needed.A good
govemmentincludingpolicycommitment
in particularfor filedstaffsupervision
to
workbasedon law inforcement
is indespensible.