Biological screening of medicinal plants (1)
International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
2006. 4, 2: 115-125
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from
Eastern Ghats of India Using Artemia salina
(Brine Shrimp Test)
Alluri V. Krishnaraju1, Tayi V. N. Rao1, Dodda Sundararaju1, Mulabagal Vanisree2,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay2, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju1*
1
Laila Impex Research Centre, Unit I, Phase III,
Jawahar Autonagar, Vijayawada –520 007, India.
2
Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology,
Wufong, Taichung 413, Taiwan
Abstract: Medicinal plants constitute important components of flora and are widely distributed
in different regions of India. Based on ethnomedical significance, we have collected several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine from Eastern Ghats of India and evaluated for their
biological activity. In the present study, a method utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach)
lethality was used to screen medicinal plants for their biological activity. Aqueous extracts from
118 Indian medicinal plants were screened by the brine shrimp lethality assay and found eleven
out of the 118 extracts showed significant toxicity to the brine shrimp (5,000
177.5
2,430
10. Polygonatum cirrhifolium
Rhizome
Anti-bacterial
1,300
11. Allium cepa
12. Chlorophytum tuberosum
Bulb
Tuber
>5000
580
13. Asparagus racemosus
Root
Anthelmintic
Treating impotency
Activate Lipase and
Amylase
Leaf
Anti-asthmatic
142.5
Leaf
Flowers
Anti-diabetic
Treating Leukorrhea
17. Lawsonia inermis
Leaf
Anti-Inflammatory
55
230
1,300
Malvaceae
18. Abelmoschus esculentus
19. Abelmoschus moschatus
Fruit
Seed
20. Abutilon indicum
Seed
21. Bobax malabarica
Bark
22. Gossypium herbaceum
Root
Diuretic
Diuretic and stomachic
Anti-inflammatory &
Anthelmintic
Treating skin eruptions
Treating Nerve inflammation
Anti-fertility
Antiasthama
Anti-fertility
Purgative and aperient
Antiobese, antiasthamatic
and antiinflammatory
Lobeliaceae
14. Lobelia nicotianaefolia
Lythraceae
15. Lagerstroemia reginae*
16. Woodfordia fruticosa
23. Hibiscus rosasinensis
24. Hibiscus cannabinus
25. Sida cordifolia
Meliaceae
26. Melia azedarach
27. Azadirachta indica
Seed
Flowers
Bark
Leaf
Whole plant
Fruit
Leaf
Seed
Bark
Anti-viral
Anti-Malarial
Anti-viral
Anti-bacterial
1,150
147
160
165
>5,000
>5,000
183
460
950
590
2,650
170
875
440
370
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
119
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Brine shrimp
lethality
(LC50, 24h)
Part used
Traditional use
Menispermaceae
28. Tinospora cordifolia
29. Anamirta cocculus
Stem
Seed
>5,000
840
30. Cissampelos pareira
Root
Adaptogenic
Treating scabies, epilepsy
Antidiabetic,
Antiasthamatic
Bark
Bark
Seed
Fruit
Bark
Antidiabetic, antioxidant
Treating Liver diseases
Diuretic
Cosmetic application
Anti-inflammatory
300
450
1,125
59.5
120
Bark
Bark
Leaf
Antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal
Anthelmentic
Treating skin diseases
1,000
850
>5,000
Bark
Seed
Leaf
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammaroty
Anti-inflammaroty
>1,000
400
1,525
Tuber
Treating peptic ulcer
>5,000
Fruit
Sedative, stomachic
430
Nut
Anti-arthritics &
anti-inflammatory
555
Fruit
Anti-inflammatory
463
Leaf
Seed
Flower buds
Anti-diarrhoeal
Anti-diabetic
Anti-inflammatory
880
475
20
Flower
Astringent, stops bleeding
Treating GI disorders and
diarrhoea
185
Mimosaceae
31. Acacia nilotica
32. Acacia catechu
33. Mimosa pudica
34. Acacia conccina
35. Albizzia lebbeck
Moraceae
36. Ficus benghalensis
37. Ficus glomerata
38. Ficus religiosa
Moringaceae
39. Moringa oleifera
Musaceae
40. Musa paradisica
Myricaceae
41. Myrica esulenta
Myristicaceae
42. Myristica fragrans
Myrsinaceae
43. Embelia ribes
Myrtaceae
44. Psidium guajava
45. Syzygium cumini
46. Syzygium aromaticum
Nymphaeaceae
47. Nelumbo nucifera
Seed
39
2,200
Orchidaceae
48. Orchis sp.
Papaveraceae
120
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Tuber
Treating diarrhoea,
indigestion
2,325
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
3,562
Part used
Traditional use
49. Papaver somniferum
Seed
Analgesic, CNS
stimulants
Papilionaceae
50. Phaseolus roseburghii
Parmeliaceae
Fruit
Urolithotriptics
580
Whole plant
Diuretic and
sedative
730
Leaf
Anti-hypertensive,
used in gastric
disorders
2,075
Wood
Anti-asthmatic
300
Leaf
Fruit
Fruit
Fruit spike
Root
Improve digestion
Antitussive
Appetite stimulants
Anti-diarrhoeal
Anti-diarrhoeal
240
750
30
45
95
Root
Treating skin
diseases, cytotoxic
2,410
Whole plant
Astringent
>5,000
60. Andropogon muricatus
Root
Anti-spasmodic, diuretic
4,050
61. Vetiveria zizanioides
Root
Perfumes
690
62. Polygonum cuspidatum
Root
Anti-tumor
13.5
63. Rheum emodi
Root
64. Rumex crispus
Root
51. Parmelia perlata
Passifloraceae
52. Passiflora sp.
Pinaceae
53. Cedrus deodara
Piperaceae
54. Piper betle
55. Piper cubeba
56. Piper nigrum
57. Piper longum
Plumbaginaceae
58. Plumbago zeylanica
Poaceae
59. Cynodon dactylon
Polygonaceae
Hepatoprotective,
blood purifier
Anti-inflammatory,
used in dermatitis
1,152
1,125
Punicaceae
65. Punica granatum
Fruit rind
Anti-diarrhoeal And
Anti-dysenteric
45
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
121
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
66. Aconitum sp.
Tuber
Antiarthritic,
anti-inflammation
44
67. Nigella sativa
Fruit
Anti-bacterial
414
68. Hydrastis canadensis*
Root
Treating Gastritis,
peptic ulcer
320
Flower
Cosmetic
application
80
Plant
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae
69. Rosa damascena
Rubiaceae
70. Cinchona spp.
71. Gardenia gummifera
Bark
Gum resin
Whole
plant
Root
72. Paedaria foetida
73. Rubia cordifolia
Rutaceae
74. Aegle marmelos
Fruit pulp
Root
Leaf
75. Murraya koenigii
Leaf
76. Citrus medica var. limon
fruit
77. Citrus reticulata
Fruit peel
Fruit peel
78. Citurs aurantium
Fruit
Appetite stimulant
Antispasmodic,
expectorent
47
126.5
Treating piles
2,300
Anti-bacterial
370
Anti-Dysentric &
Anti-Diarrhoeal
Antihypertensive
and cardiotonic
Anti-diabetic
Antidysentric and
antidiarrhoeal
Cardiac tonic and
palpitation
Anti-scurvy
Anti-oxidant
Treating
atherosclerosis
4,120
3025
430
>5,000
147
92.5
500
580
Santalaceae
79. Santalum album
Heart wood
Treating skin
diseases
>5000
Fruit
Anti-bacterial
118
Sapindaceae
80. Sapindus emarginatus
122
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
Root
Urolithotriptic
2,550
82. Bacopa monnieri*
Whole herb
Memory stimulants
90
83. Picrorhiza kurroa
Root
Treating viral hepatitis
3,500
Root
Anti-tumour and
cytotoxic
1,900
Plant
Saxifragaceae
81. Bergenia ligulata
Scrophulariaceae
Simaroubaceae
84. Ailanthus excelsa
Solanaceae
85. Atropa acuminata
Bark
86. Capsicum annuum*
Fruit
87. Datura metel
Herb
88. Solanum indicum
Root
89. Solanum nigrum
Fruit
90. Solanum surattensis
Whole Plant
91. Solanum trilobatum
Whole Plant
92. Withania somnifera*
Root
Sterculiaceae
93. Helicteres isora
Fruit
94. Abroma augusta
Root
Strychnaceae
95. Strychnos nuxvomica
Seed
96. Strychnos potatorium
Seed
Symplocaceae
97. Symplocos racemosa
Tamaricaceae
98. Tamarix gallica
Anticholinergic,
nti-spasmodic
Anti-rheumatic
Anti-spasmodic
Treating cough, nasal
ulcer
Anti ulcer
Anti-pyretic activity
anti microbials
Anti-Tussive (cough)
Anti-arthritic,
adaptogenic
4,000
110
4,250
195
130
130
1,250
310
Antidiarrhoeal
Treating menstrual
disorders
1,870
Anti ulcer
Anti-hypercholestermi
c & diuretic
430
1,450
1,100
Bark
Uterine stimulant
90
Gall
Treating diarrhoea
290
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
123
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp
lethality (LC50, 24h)
Leaf
Antidepressant,
anti-inflammatory
450
young twigs
Anti-oxidant
250
Leaf
Anti-oxidant
150
Stem wood
Diuretic
900
leaf
Treating skin
diseases
>10,000
103. Nardostachys jatamansi
Root
Treating peptic ulcer
375
104. Valeriana wallichii**
Root
Sedative
3,875
Root
Antidiarrhoeal
3,750
Root
Anti-Histamin
340
Leaf
Anti-inflammatory
282
108. Viola odorata
Whole herb
Astringent,
Diapharetic
800
Vitaceae
109. Vitis vinifera
Zingiberaceae
Seed
Laxative
1,600
110. Amomum subulatum
Fruit
Anti-fungal
205
Rhizome
Cytotoxic,
antioxidant, treating
skin diseases
1525
Plant
Taxaceae
99. Taxus baccata
Theaceae
100. Camellia sinensis
Thymelaeaceae
101. Aquilaria malaccensis
Urticaceae
102. Ficus religosa
Valerianaceae
Verbenaceae
105. Clerodendrum
phlomidis
106. Clerodendrum serratum
107. Vitex negundo**
Violaceae
111. Curcuma longa
112. Curcuma zedoaria
124
Rhizome
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Anti-dysentric and
diarrhoeals
1,700
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Part used
113. Hedychium spicatum
Rhizome
114. Alpinia sp.
Rhizome
114. Curcuma amada
Rhizome
Traditional use
Anti-spasmodics and
anti-inflammatory
Stomachic,
carminative
Carminative,
stomachic activity
Brine shrimp
lethality (LC50, 24h)
4,000
5,500
6,600
115. Alpinia officinarum
Leaf
Anti-arthritic
1,875
116. Zingiber officinale
Rhizome
Anti-Inflammatory
127
Fruit
Aphrodisiac
925
Whole plant
Anti-microbial
900
Whole plant
Antibacterial
525
Zygophyllaceae
117. Tribulus terrestris
118. Fagonia arabica
*Alcoholic extract
**Hydroalcoholic extract
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
125
2006. 4, 2: 115-125
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from
Eastern Ghats of India Using Artemia salina
(Brine Shrimp Test)
Alluri V. Krishnaraju1, Tayi V. N. Rao1, Dodda Sundararaju1, Mulabagal Vanisree2,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay2, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju1*
1
Laila Impex Research Centre, Unit I, Phase III,
Jawahar Autonagar, Vijayawada –520 007, India.
2
Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology,
Wufong, Taichung 413, Taiwan
Abstract: Medicinal plants constitute important components of flora and are widely distributed
in different regions of India. Based on ethnomedical significance, we have collected several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine from Eastern Ghats of India and evaluated for their
biological activity. In the present study, a method utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach)
lethality was used to screen medicinal plants for their biological activity. Aqueous extracts from
118 Indian medicinal plants were screened by the brine shrimp lethality assay and found eleven
out of the 118 extracts showed significant toxicity to the brine shrimp (5,000
177.5
2,430
10. Polygonatum cirrhifolium
Rhizome
Anti-bacterial
1,300
11. Allium cepa
12. Chlorophytum tuberosum
Bulb
Tuber
>5000
580
13. Asparagus racemosus
Root
Anthelmintic
Treating impotency
Activate Lipase and
Amylase
Leaf
Anti-asthmatic
142.5
Leaf
Flowers
Anti-diabetic
Treating Leukorrhea
17. Lawsonia inermis
Leaf
Anti-Inflammatory
55
230
1,300
Malvaceae
18. Abelmoschus esculentus
19. Abelmoschus moschatus
Fruit
Seed
20. Abutilon indicum
Seed
21. Bobax malabarica
Bark
22. Gossypium herbaceum
Root
Diuretic
Diuretic and stomachic
Anti-inflammatory &
Anthelmintic
Treating skin eruptions
Treating Nerve inflammation
Anti-fertility
Antiasthama
Anti-fertility
Purgative and aperient
Antiobese, antiasthamatic
and antiinflammatory
Lobeliaceae
14. Lobelia nicotianaefolia
Lythraceae
15. Lagerstroemia reginae*
16. Woodfordia fruticosa
23. Hibiscus rosasinensis
24. Hibiscus cannabinus
25. Sida cordifolia
Meliaceae
26. Melia azedarach
27. Azadirachta indica
Seed
Flowers
Bark
Leaf
Whole plant
Fruit
Leaf
Seed
Bark
Anti-viral
Anti-Malarial
Anti-viral
Anti-bacterial
1,150
147
160
165
>5,000
>5,000
183
460
950
590
2,650
170
875
440
370
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
119
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Brine shrimp
lethality
(LC50, 24h)
Part used
Traditional use
Menispermaceae
28. Tinospora cordifolia
29. Anamirta cocculus
Stem
Seed
>5,000
840
30. Cissampelos pareira
Root
Adaptogenic
Treating scabies, epilepsy
Antidiabetic,
Antiasthamatic
Bark
Bark
Seed
Fruit
Bark
Antidiabetic, antioxidant
Treating Liver diseases
Diuretic
Cosmetic application
Anti-inflammatory
300
450
1,125
59.5
120
Bark
Bark
Leaf
Antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal
Anthelmentic
Treating skin diseases
1,000
850
>5,000
Bark
Seed
Leaf
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammaroty
Anti-inflammaroty
>1,000
400
1,525
Tuber
Treating peptic ulcer
>5,000
Fruit
Sedative, stomachic
430
Nut
Anti-arthritics &
anti-inflammatory
555
Fruit
Anti-inflammatory
463
Leaf
Seed
Flower buds
Anti-diarrhoeal
Anti-diabetic
Anti-inflammatory
880
475
20
Flower
Astringent, stops bleeding
Treating GI disorders and
diarrhoea
185
Mimosaceae
31. Acacia nilotica
32. Acacia catechu
33. Mimosa pudica
34. Acacia conccina
35. Albizzia lebbeck
Moraceae
36. Ficus benghalensis
37. Ficus glomerata
38. Ficus religiosa
Moringaceae
39. Moringa oleifera
Musaceae
40. Musa paradisica
Myricaceae
41. Myrica esulenta
Myristicaceae
42. Myristica fragrans
Myrsinaceae
43. Embelia ribes
Myrtaceae
44. Psidium guajava
45. Syzygium cumini
46. Syzygium aromaticum
Nymphaeaceae
47. Nelumbo nucifera
Seed
39
2,200
Orchidaceae
48. Orchis sp.
Papaveraceae
120
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Tuber
Treating diarrhoea,
indigestion
2,325
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
3,562
Part used
Traditional use
49. Papaver somniferum
Seed
Analgesic, CNS
stimulants
Papilionaceae
50. Phaseolus roseburghii
Parmeliaceae
Fruit
Urolithotriptics
580
Whole plant
Diuretic and
sedative
730
Leaf
Anti-hypertensive,
used in gastric
disorders
2,075
Wood
Anti-asthmatic
300
Leaf
Fruit
Fruit
Fruit spike
Root
Improve digestion
Antitussive
Appetite stimulants
Anti-diarrhoeal
Anti-diarrhoeal
240
750
30
45
95
Root
Treating skin
diseases, cytotoxic
2,410
Whole plant
Astringent
>5,000
60. Andropogon muricatus
Root
Anti-spasmodic, diuretic
4,050
61. Vetiveria zizanioides
Root
Perfumes
690
62. Polygonum cuspidatum
Root
Anti-tumor
13.5
63. Rheum emodi
Root
64. Rumex crispus
Root
51. Parmelia perlata
Passifloraceae
52. Passiflora sp.
Pinaceae
53. Cedrus deodara
Piperaceae
54. Piper betle
55. Piper cubeba
56. Piper nigrum
57. Piper longum
Plumbaginaceae
58. Plumbago zeylanica
Poaceae
59. Cynodon dactylon
Polygonaceae
Hepatoprotective,
blood purifier
Anti-inflammatory,
used in dermatitis
1,152
1,125
Punicaceae
65. Punica granatum
Fruit rind
Anti-diarrhoeal And
Anti-dysenteric
45
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
121
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
66. Aconitum sp.
Tuber
Antiarthritic,
anti-inflammation
44
67. Nigella sativa
Fruit
Anti-bacterial
414
68. Hydrastis canadensis*
Root
Treating Gastritis,
peptic ulcer
320
Flower
Cosmetic
application
80
Plant
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae
69. Rosa damascena
Rubiaceae
70. Cinchona spp.
71. Gardenia gummifera
Bark
Gum resin
Whole
plant
Root
72. Paedaria foetida
73. Rubia cordifolia
Rutaceae
74. Aegle marmelos
Fruit pulp
Root
Leaf
75. Murraya koenigii
Leaf
76. Citrus medica var. limon
fruit
77. Citrus reticulata
Fruit peel
Fruit peel
78. Citurs aurantium
Fruit
Appetite stimulant
Antispasmodic,
expectorent
47
126.5
Treating piles
2,300
Anti-bacterial
370
Anti-Dysentric &
Anti-Diarrhoeal
Antihypertensive
and cardiotonic
Anti-diabetic
Antidysentric and
antidiarrhoeal
Cardiac tonic and
palpitation
Anti-scurvy
Anti-oxidant
Treating
atherosclerosis
4,120
3025
430
>5,000
147
92.5
500
580
Santalaceae
79. Santalum album
Heart wood
Treating skin
diseases
>5000
Fruit
Anti-bacterial
118
Sapindaceae
80. Sapindus emarginatus
122
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp lethality (LC50, 24h)
Root
Urolithotriptic
2,550
82. Bacopa monnieri*
Whole herb
Memory stimulants
90
83. Picrorhiza kurroa
Root
Treating viral hepatitis
3,500
Root
Anti-tumour and
cytotoxic
1,900
Plant
Saxifragaceae
81. Bergenia ligulata
Scrophulariaceae
Simaroubaceae
84. Ailanthus excelsa
Solanaceae
85. Atropa acuminata
Bark
86. Capsicum annuum*
Fruit
87. Datura metel
Herb
88. Solanum indicum
Root
89. Solanum nigrum
Fruit
90. Solanum surattensis
Whole Plant
91. Solanum trilobatum
Whole Plant
92. Withania somnifera*
Root
Sterculiaceae
93. Helicteres isora
Fruit
94. Abroma augusta
Root
Strychnaceae
95. Strychnos nuxvomica
Seed
96. Strychnos potatorium
Seed
Symplocaceae
97. Symplocos racemosa
Tamaricaceae
98. Tamarix gallica
Anticholinergic,
nti-spasmodic
Anti-rheumatic
Anti-spasmodic
Treating cough, nasal
ulcer
Anti ulcer
Anti-pyretic activity
anti microbials
Anti-Tussive (cough)
Anti-arthritic,
adaptogenic
4,000
110
4,250
195
130
130
1,250
310
Antidiarrhoeal
Treating menstrual
disorders
1,870
Anti ulcer
Anti-hypercholestermi
c & diuretic
430
1,450
1,100
Bark
Uterine stimulant
90
Gall
Treating diarrhoea
290
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
123
Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay, and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Part used
Traditional use
Brine shrimp
lethality (LC50, 24h)
Leaf
Antidepressant,
anti-inflammatory
450
young twigs
Anti-oxidant
250
Leaf
Anti-oxidant
150
Stem wood
Diuretic
900
leaf
Treating skin
diseases
>10,000
103. Nardostachys jatamansi
Root
Treating peptic ulcer
375
104. Valeriana wallichii**
Root
Sedative
3,875
Root
Antidiarrhoeal
3,750
Root
Anti-Histamin
340
Leaf
Anti-inflammatory
282
108. Viola odorata
Whole herb
Astringent,
Diapharetic
800
Vitaceae
109. Vitis vinifera
Zingiberaceae
Seed
Laxative
1,600
110. Amomum subulatum
Fruit
Anti-fungal
205
Rhizome
Cytotoxic,
antioxidant, treating
skin diseases
1525
Plant
Taxaceae
99. Taxus baccata
Theaceae
100. Camellia sinensis
Thymelaeaceae
101. Aquilaria malaccensis
Urticaceae
102. Ficus religosa
Valerianaceae
Verbenaceae
105. Clerodendrum
phlomidis
106. Clerodendrum serratum
107. Vitex negundo**
Violaceae
111. Curcuma longa
112. Curcuma zedoaria
124
Rhizome
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
Anti-dysentric and
diarrhoeals
1,700
Biological Screening of Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern
Ghats of India Using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)
Table 1. Brine shrimp lethality data of Indian medicinal plants (continued)
Plant
Part used
113. Hedychium spicatum
Rhizome
114. Alpinia sp.
Rhizome
114. Curcuma amada
Rhizome
Traditional use
Anti-spasmodics and
anti-inflammatory
Stomachic,
carminative
Carminative,
stomachic activity
Brine shrimp
lethality (LC50, 24h)
4,000
5,500
6,600
115. Alpinia officinarum
Leaf
Anti-arthritic
1,875
116. Zingiber officinale
Rhizome
Anti-Inflammatory
127
Fruit
Aphrodisiac
925
Whole plant
Anti-microbial
900
Whole plant
Antibacterial
525
Zygophyllaceae
117. Tribulus terrestris
118. Fagonia arabica
*Alcoholic extract
**Hydroalcoholic extract
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2006. 4, 2
125