S ING 1106269 Bibliography
REFERENCES
Achadiat, R. A. (2013). The representation of americanization myths in the
internet memes on the 9GAG comedy website (Thesis). Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Alvarez, J. M. (2015). The spread and influence of memes. [Online]. Retrieved
October 20, 2015 from http://ciedimedia2.com/2015/04/17/the-spread-andinfluence-of-memes/
Bahadur, N. (2014) 9 pieces of scientific proof that being single is awesome.
[Online]. Retrieved January 19, 2016 from m.huffpost.com/us/entry/beingsingle-benefits_n_5310713.html
Bartky, S. L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of
oppression. New York: Routledge.
Bezemer, J., & Kress, G. (2008). Writing in multimodal texts: A social semiotic
account of designs for learning. Written Communication, 25(2), 166-195.
doi: 10.1177/0741088307313177
Brad. (2015). The most interesting man in the world. [Online]. Retrieved
December 23, 2015 from knowyourmeme.com/memes/the-most-interestingman-in-the-world
Chandler, R. C. (2008). Meme world syndrome: A critical discourse analysis of
the First World Problems and Third World Success internet memes (Thesis).
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Chen, Y., & Gao, X. (2014). Interpretation of the representational meaning movie
posters from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis. GSTF
International Journal on Education, 1(1). doi: 10.2991/icelaic-14.2014.87
Cheng, Y., & Liu, W. (2014). A multimodal discourse analysis of the relationship
between Pi and Richard the tiger in the movie Life of Pi. International
72
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Journal of Language and Literature, 2(4), 191-219. Retrieved July 7 2015,
from ijll-net.com/journals/ ijll/Vol_2_No_4_December_2014/11.pdf
Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve
communication and emotional life. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Eychaner, B. (n.d.). Memes and humor: A linguistic analysis (Thesis). Truman
State University.
Ferreira, S. N., & Heberle, V. M. (2013). Text linguistics and critical discourse
analysis: A multimodal analysis of a magazine advertisement. A journal of
English Language, Literature in English and Cultural Studies, 111-133.
Furlough, F. (2014). Kress and van Leeuwen: Symbolic processes, embedding,
conceptual structures, and color. [Online]. Retrieved Januari 24, 2016 from
https://medium.com/activism-by-design/kress-and-van-leeuwen-symbolicprocess-embedding-conceptual-structures-and-color-efb8961c5c1b#.tany5pq54
Gallardo, B. C. (2006). Analysis of a literary work using systemic functional
grammar. 33rd International Systemic Functional Congress, 735-762.
Retrieved
November
2,
2015
from
http://www4.pucsp.br/isfc/proceedings/Artigos%20pdf/35l_gallardobarbara
_735a762.pdf
Gannes, L. (2012). Meet 9GAG, the community comedy site that’s growing like
crazy.
[Online].
Retrieved
October
21,
2015
from
http://allthingsd.com/20120412/meet-9gag-the-community-comedy-sitethats-growing-like-crazy/
Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1994). Making sense of functional grammar. Australia:
Gerd Stabler.
Gil, P. (2013). What is a ‘meme’? What are examples of modern internet memes?.
[Online].
Retrieved
August
4,
2015
from
73
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/f/What-Is-an-InternetMeme.htm
Grossman, L. (2007, July). Creating a cute cat frenzy. Time. Retrieved July 7,
2015
from
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1642897,00.html
Guijarro, J. M. (2010). A multimodal analysis of The Tale of Peter Rabbit within
the interpersonal metafunction. Journal of the Spanish Association of AngloAmerican Studies, 32(1), 123-140.
Guijarro, J. M., & Sanz, M. J. P. (2008). Compositional, interpersonal and
representational meanings in a children’s narrative: A multimodal discourse
analysis.
Journal
of
Pragmatics,
40,
1601-1619.
doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.04.019
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices.
London: Open University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. (2004). An Introduction to functional
grammar (3rd ed.). C. M. Matthiessen (Ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.
Hancock, B., Windridge K., & Ockleford E. (2007). An introduction to
Qualitative research. The NIHR Research Design Service for the East
Midlands.
Here, S., & Arandilla, R. (2011). The power of internet memes and a lot of fun along the
way.
[Online].
Retrieved
20
October
2015,
from
http://www.1stwebdesigner.com/power-internet-memes/
Hermawan, B. (2011). [Review of the book Reading images: The grammar of
visual design, by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen]. Indonesian
Journal of Applied Linguistics, I(1), 140-141.
Hermawan, B. (2013). Multimodality: Menafsir verbal, membaca gambar, dan
memahami teks. Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1).
74
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Heuristic. (August 25, 2015). Tracking how and why internet memes become viral
[Online].
Retrieved
October
14,
2015
from
https://www.jumpshot.com/tracking-how-and-why-internet-memes-becomeviral/
House, S., (2011). Daniel Chandler’s representation theory. [Online]. Retrieved,
October 20, 2015 from http://ghsmediainset.blogspot.co.id/2011/10/danielchandlers-representation-theory.html
Iedema, R. (2003). Multimodality, resemiotization: Extending the analysis of
discourse as multi-semiotic practice. Visual Communication, 2(1), 29-27.
doi: 10.1177/1470357203002001751.
Jewitt, C. (2009). The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. London:
Routledge.
Jumpshot. (2015). Tracking how and why internet memes become viral. Retrieved
October 21, 2015 from https://www.jumpshot.com/tracking-how-and-whyinternett-memes-become-viral/
Kahari, L. (2013). A multimodal discourse analysis of selected male circumcision
posters used in Zimbabwe. Global Journals of Arts Humanities and Social
Sciences, 1(4), 61-71.
Kariko, A. A. T. (2013). Analysis on internet memes using semiotics. BINUS
UNIVERSITY.
Retrieved
October
20,
2015
from
http://english.binus.ac.id/2013/06/24/analysis-on-internet-memes-usingsemiotics/
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual
design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge
Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An
acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research,
16(4), 255-256.
75
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Lefler, J. (2011). I can has thesis?: A linguistic analysis of Lolspeak (Thesis).
University of Lousiana.
Lirola, M. M. (2006) A systemic functional analysis of two multimodal covers.
Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 19, 249-260.
Liu, J. (2013). Visual images interpretive strategies in multimodal texts*. Journal
of
Language
Teaching
and
Research,
4(6),
1259-1263.
doi:10.4304/jltr.4.6.1259-1263
Lock, G. (1996). Functional English grammar: An introduction for second
language teachers. J. C. Richards (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Machin, A., & Mayr, D. (2012). How to do critical discourse analysis. London:
SAGE.
Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
Moura, G. (2014). CAMERA ANGLES: the art of manipulation. [Online].
Retrieved
January
4,
2016
from
http://elementsofcinema.com/cinematography/camera-angles-andcomposition/
Ningsih, E. F., Tallapessy, A., & Setiarini, R. (2014). Construing ideational
meaning in electronics devices advertisements in Jawa Pos: A systemic
functional linguistic multimodal discourse analysis. PUBLIKA BUDAYA,
2(1), 6-14.
Nugroho, A. D. (2009). The generic structure of print advertisement of Elizabeth
Arden’s INTERVENE: A multimodal discourse analysis. K@ta, 11(1) 7084. doi:10.9744/kata.11.1.70-84.
Odogwu, C. (2014). Signs of a materialistic woman. [Online]. Retrieved February
21,
2016
from
www.chrisodogwu.com/2014/10/signs-of-materialistic-
woman.html?m=1
76
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Ren, F. (2012, July 24). How Ray Chan started 9GAG, and a career in fun. Meld
Magazine.
Retrieved
May
14,
2015
from
http://www.meldmagazine.com.au/2012/07/9-gag-ray-chan/
Sadighi, F. & Bavali, M. (2008). Chomsky’s universal grammar and Halliday’s
systemic functional linguistics: An appraisal and a compromise. Journal of
Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), 11-28.
Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on research methods: Whatever happened to
qualitative description?. Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340.
Sayani, M. N. (2013). Semiotic analysis of memes in 9gag.com (Thesis). Udayana
University, Indonesia.
Schubert, K. (2003). Bazaar goes bizzare. USA TODAY. Retrieved October 26,
2015
from
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-07-28-ebay-
weirdness_x.htm
Schultz, R. (2016). 10 science-backed reasons being single is good for your
health. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 19, 2016 from
m.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life/10-sciencebacked-reasons-being-single-is-goodfor-your-health-20160106-gm057g.html
Seevinck, J. (2015). Theories of visual communication: Week five. [Online].
Retrieved
October
21,
2015
from
https://blackboard.qut.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?c
ourse_id=_120500_1&content_id=_5968008_1
Shifman, L. (2011). An anatomy of a Youtube meme. New Media & Society, 117. doi: 10.1177/1461444811412160.
Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual
troublemaker. Journal f Computer-Mediated Communication, 18, 362-377.
doi:10.1111/jcc4.12013.
77
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
SimilarWeb. (2015). 9Gag.com traffic statistics. Retrieved October 21 2015, from
http://www.similarweb.com/website/9gag.com
Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L.B., & Carr, E. R. (2011). Sexual objectification of
women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist,
39(1), 6-38. doi: 10.1177/0011000010378402
Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Introducing social semiotics. London: Routledge.
Warner, J. (2006). Premarital sex the norm in America. WebMD. Retrieved
February
21,
2016
from
www.m.webmd.com/a-to-z-
guides/news/20061220/premarital-sex-the-norm-in-america
Walliman, N. (2011). Research methods the basics. London: Routledge.
78
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Achadiat, R. A. (2013). The representation of americanization myths in the
internet memes on the 9GAG comedy website (Thesis). Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Alvarez, J. M. (2015). The spread and influence of memes. [Online]. Retrieved
October 20, 2015 from http://ciedimedia2.com/2015/04/17/the-spread-andinfluence-of-memes/
Bahadur, N. (2014) 9 pieces of scientific proof that being single is awesome.
[Online]. Retrieved January 19, 2016 from m.huffpost.com/us/entry/beingsingle-benefits_n_5310713.html
Bartky, S. L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of
oppression. New York: Routledge.
Bezemer, J., & Kress, G. (2008). Writing in multimodal texts: A social semiotic
account of designs for learning. Written Communication, 25(2), 166-195.
doi: 10.1177/0741088307313177
Brad. (2015). The most interesting man in the world. [Online]. Retrieved
December 23, 2015 from knowyourmeme.com/memes/the-most-interestingman-in-the-world
Chandler, R. C. (2008). Meme world syndrome: A critical discourse analysis of
the First World Problems and Third World Success internet memes (Thesis).
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Chen, Y., & Gao, X. (2014). Interpretation of the representational meaning movie
posters from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis. GSTF
International Journal on Education, 1(1). doi: 10.2991/icelaic-14.2014.87
Cheng, Y., & Liu, W. (2014). A multimodal discourse analysis of the relationship
between Pi and Richard the tiger in the movie Life of Pi. International
72
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Journal of Language and Literature, 2(4), 191-219. Retrieved July 7 2015,
from ijll-net.com/journals/ ijll/Vol_2_No_4_December_2014/11.pdf
Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve
communication and emotional life. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Eychaner, B. (n.d.). Memes and humor: A linguistic analysis (Thesis). Truman
State University.
Ferreira, S. N., & Heberle, V. M. (2013). Text linguistics and critical discourse
analysis: A multimodal analysis of a magazine advertisement. A journal of
English Language, Literature in English and Cultural Studies, 111-133.
Furlough, F. (2014). Kress and van Leeuwen: Symbolic processes, embedding,
conceptual structures, and color. [Online]. Retrieved Januari 24, 2016 from
https://medium.com/activism-by-design/kress-and-van-leeuwen-symbolicprocess-embedding-conceptual-structures-and-color-efb8961c5c1b#.tany5pq54
Gallardo, B. C. (2006). Analysis of a literary work using systemic functional
grammar. 33rd International Systemic Functional Congress, 735-762.
Retrieved
November
2,
2015
from
http://www4.pucsp.br/isfc/proceedings/Artigos%20pdf/35l_gallardobarbara
_735a762.pdf
Gannes, L. (2012). Meet 9GAG, the community comedy site that’s growing like
crazy.
[Online].
Retrieved
October
21,
2015
from
http://allthingsd.com/20120412/meet-9gag-the-community-comedy-sitethats-growing-like-crazy/
Gerot, L., & Wignell, P. (1994). Making sense of functional grammar. Australia:
Gerd Stabler.
Gil, P. (2013). What is a ‘meme’? What are examples of modern internet memes?.
[Online].
Retrieved
August
4,
2015
from
73
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/f/What-Is-an-InternetMeme.htm
Grossman, L. (2007, July). Creating a cute cat frenzy. Time. Retrieved July 7,
2015
from
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1642897,00.html
Guijarro, J. M. (2010). A multimodal analysis of The Tale of Peter Rabbit within
the interpersonal metafunction. Journal of the Spanish Association of AngloAmerican Studies, 32(1), 123-140.
Guijarro, J. M., & Sanz, M. J. P. (2008). Compositional, interpersonal and
representational meanings in a children’s narrative: A multimodal discourse
analysis.
Journal
of
Pragmatics,
40,
1601-1619.
doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.04.019
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices.
London: Open University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. (2004). An Introduction to functional
grammar (3rd ed.). C. M. Matthiessen (Ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.
Hancock, B., Windridge K., & Ockleford E. (2007). An introduction to
Qualitative research. The NIHR Research Design Service for the East
Midlands.
Here, S., & Arandilla, R. (2011). The power of internet memes and a lot of fun along the
way.
[Online].
Retrieved
20
October
2015,
from
http://www.1stwebdesigner.com/power-internet-memes/
Hermawan, B. (2011). [Review of the book Reading images: The grammar of
visual design, by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen]. Indonesian
Journal of Applied Linguistics, I(1), 140-141.
Hermawan, B. (2013). Multimodality: Menafsir verbal, membaca gambar, dan
memahami teks. Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1).
74
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Heuristic. (August 25, 2015). Tracking how and why internet memes become viral
[Online].
Retrieved
October
14,
2015
from
https://www.jumpshot.com/tracking-how-and-why-internet-memes-becomeviral/
House, S., (2011). Daniel Chandler’s representation theory. [Online]. Retrieved,
October 20, 2015 from http://ghsmediainset.blogspot.co.id/2011/10/danielchandlers-representation-theory.html
Iedema, R. (2003). Multimodality, resemiotization: Extending the analysis of
discourse as multi-semiotic practice. Visual Communication, 2(1), 29-27.
doi: 10.1177/1470357203002001751.
Jewitt, C. (2009). The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. London:
Routledge.
Jumpshot. (2015). Tracking how and why internet memes become viral. Retrieved
October 21, 2015 from https://www.jumpshot.com/tracking-how-and-whyinternett-memes-become-viral/
Kahari, L. (2013). A multimodal discourse analysis of selected male circumcision
posters used in Zimbabwe. Global Journals of Arts Humanities and Social
Sciences, 1(4), 61-71.
Kariko, A. A. T. (2013). Analysis on internet memes using semiotics. BINUS
UNIVERSITY.
Retrieved
October
20,
2015
from
http://english.binus.ac.id/2013/06/24/analysis-on-internet-memes-usingsemiotics/
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual
design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge
Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An
acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research,
16(4), 255-256.
75
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Lefler, J. (2011). I can has thesis?: A linguistic analysis of Lolspeak (Thesis).
University of Lousiana.
Lirola, M. M. (2006) A systemic functional analysis of two multimodal covers.
Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 19, 249-260.
Liu, J. (2013). Visual images interpretive strategies in multimodal texts*. Journal
of
Language
Teaching
and
Research,
4(6),
1259-1263.
doi:10.4304/jltr.4.6.1259-1263
Lock, G. (1996). Functional English grammar: An introduction for second
language teachers. J. C. Richards (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Machin, A., & Mayr, D. (2012). How to do critical discourse analysis. London:
SAGE.
Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
Moura, G. (2014). CAMERA ANGLES: the art of manipulation. [Online].
Retrieved
January
4,
2016
from
http://elementsofcinema.com/cinematography/camera-angles-andcomposition/
Ningsih, E. F., Tallapessy, A., & Setiarini, R. (2014). Construing ideational
meaning in electronics devices advertisements in Jawa Pos: A systemic
functional linguistic multimodal discourse analysis. PUBLIKA BUDAYA,
2(1), 6-14.
Nugroho, A. D. (2009). The generic structure of print advertisement of Elizabeth
Arden’s INTERVENE: A multimodal discourse analysis. K@ta, 11(1) 7084. doi:10.9744/kata.11.1.70-84.
Odogwu, C. (2014). Signs of a materialistic woman. [Online]. Retrieved February
21,
2016
from
www.chrisodogwu.com/2014/10/signs-of-materialistic-
woman.html?m=1
76
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Ren, F. (2012, July 24). How Ray Chan started 9GAG, and a career in fun. Meld
Magazine.
Retrieved
May
14,
2015
from
http://www.meldmagazine.com.au/2012/07/9-gag-ray-chan/
Sadighi, F. & Bavali, M. (2008). Chomsky’s universal grammar and Halliday’s
systemic functional linguistics: An appraisal and a compromise. Journal of
Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), 11-28.
Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on research methods: Whatever happened to
qualitative description?. Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340.
Sayani, M. N. (2013). Semiotic analysis of memes in 9gag.com (Thesis). Udayana
University, Indonesia.
Schubert, K. (2003). Bazaar goes bizzare. USA TODAY. Retrieved October 26,
2015
from
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-07-28-ebay-
weirdness_x.htm
Schultz, R. (2016). 10 science-backed reasons being single is good for your
health. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 19, 2016 from
m.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life/10-sciencebacked-reasons-being-single-is-goodfor-your-health-20160106-gm057g.html
Seevinck, J. (2015). Theories of visual communication: Week five. [Online].
Retrieved
October
21,
2015
from
https://blackboard.qut.edu.au/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?c
ourse_id=_120500_1&content_id=_5968008_1
Shifman, L. (2011). An anatomy of a Youtube meme. New Media & Society, 117. doi: 10.1177/1461444811412160.
Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual
troublemaker. Journal f Computer-Mediated Communication, 18, 362-377.
doi:10.1111/jcc4.12013.
77
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
SimilarWeb. (2015). 9Gag.com traffic statistics. Retrieved October 21 2015, from
http://www.similarweb.com/website/9gag.com
Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L.B., & Carr, E. R. (2011). Sexual objectification of
women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist,
39(1), 6-38. doi: 10.1177/0011000010378402
Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Introducing social semiotics. London: Routledge.
Warner, J. (2006). Premarital sex the norm in America. WebMD. Retrieved
February
21,
2016
from
www.m.webmd.com/a-to-z-
guides/news/20061220/premarital-sex-the-norm-in-america
Walliman, N. (2011). Research methods the basics. London: Routledge.
78
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu