T LIN 1307784 Chapter3
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Method of the research
The method of the research is qualitative. The qualitative method was chosen, because of
the fact that the work deals with comparison of the date based on the structure and semantic
aspects and their syntactic correlates of the three different languages: English, Russian and
Uzbek . Specifically, the research concerns with the interrogative pronouns of these
languages.
Methodological basis and methods
Methodological basis of the research is presented as general scientific principles. They
werebased on the studies of linguistic phenomena and the relationship of structural and
semantic andcommunicative and functional aspects of language units. From general scientific
methods used in the work: structural, semantic and stylistic, transformation, methods of
comparative analysis and identification (search neutral synonym (option), the method of
component analysis (the distinction of subject and connotative meanings in the language
unit), the method of the opposition - the identification of connotative units (categories) to
establish their distinctive features (semantic, expressive, functional).
The theoretical basis of the study
The analysis of the works of a number of researchers shows that they contain the necessary
theoretical foundation for various studies, describing the achievements of different scholars
in the field of general linguistics and semantics, as well as different approaches to explain the
semantic research.
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Subjects taken from different spoken and written sources of internet resources (scientific
work of leading experts in the field of linguistics and English, Uzbek and Russian
languages), special textbooks (textbooks on the history of the English, Uzbek and Russian
languages), literary texts,( novels, stories) from the books on relevant theme, texts on the
relevant branches of science, of scientific articles and dictionaries.
3.2 Rationale for Qualitative Method
The purpose of qualitative research is to explain semantic and structural features of three
different languages in the example of interrogative pronouns (question words) in the
interrogative sentences. Describe participant meaning of the interrogative pronouns, their
similarity and differences in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. Specifically, this
qualitative research describes the process of understanding based on distinct methodological
traditions of comparison. The researcher builds a complex comparison of semantic and
structural features of the three different languages in the example of interrogative
pronouns.The comparison includes: grammar rules, examples and description of the specific
features of particular language. Thus, using a qualitative methodology allowed the researcher
to study the structure of three different languages and compare them with each other. There
is a number of reasons for using qualitative research to compare semantic and structural
issues. For example:
1. It captures the information, that is an essential component of the research.
2. It is able to describe the conclusions made by linguists based on their experiences.
3. This method allows to make comparison of the semantic features of the languages.
Before the data is analyzed, the researcher will make observations of the documents. The
process of observing allows the researcher to become acquainted with the data.
3.3 Data collection techniques
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
In qualitative research, semantic and structural comparison is used to assist the researcher
to do the classification of datum.
For this research, data will be collected in the forms of semi-structured
grammar
rules and semantic phenomena of particular semantic units, interrogative pronouns,
comparative observation, collection of information, and giving examples.
3.4 The instrument of the research
The instrument of the research is comparative observation. Observation of the semantic
phenomena and structural features of the languages. This observation will be supported by
examples.
Before the data is analyzed, the researcher will make observations of the documents. The
process of observing allows the researcher to become acquainted with the data.
3.5 Data analysis techniques
As,in my research I will make semantic comparison of three different languages in
the example of interrogative pronouns,the problems of translationwill be discussed in
this research.In my work I will use the analytical frameworks of V.G. Gak. In his works
V.G. Gak considered the typology of the languages he compared, paying a great
attention to the details of the languages. As he had mentioned: "Comparative linguistics
grew out of the need to describe
languages and the necessity of their
teaching".According to V.G.Gak: "during comparing languages inevitably marked both
similarities and differences, and no fundamental difference here. To carry out the
difference between "confrontational" and "contrastive" linguistics. "(Gak, 1998: 17)
If the world is seen as a system, then its reflection in the semantic field also has a
systemic features. In today's linguistics the idea of systematic vocabulary has ingrained
in different variations: thematic, semantic, syntagmatic, word-building fields, synonyms,
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
antonyms, etc. Through the efforts of the structuralists, it was determined that the
lexical meaning is a complex unit and, therefore, consists of smaller semantic elements.
On the other hand, it may be added into a semantic unit of higher level, which leads to
a hierarchy in semantic system. ( Gak, 1998: 10)
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Method of the research
The method of the research is qualitative. The qualitative method was chosen, because of
the fact that the work deals with comparison of the date based on the structure and semantic
aspects and their syntactic correlates of the three different languages: English, Russian and
Uzbek . Specifically, the research concerns with the interrogative pronouns of these
languages.
Methodological basis and methods
Methodological basis of the research is presented as general scientific principles. They
werebased on the studies of linguistic phenomena and the relationship of structural and
semantic andcommunicative and functional aspects of language units. From general scientific
methods used in the work: structural, semantic and stylistic, transformation, methods of
comparative analysis and identification (search neutral synonym (option), the method of
component analysis (the distinction of subject and connotative meanings in the language
unit), the method of the opposition - the identification of connotative units (categories) to
establish their distinctive features (semantic, expressive, functional).
The theoretical basis of the study
The analysis of the works of a number of researchers shows that they contain the necessary
theoretical foundation for various studies, describing the achievements of different scholars
in the field of general linguistics and semantics, as well as different approaches to explain the
semantic research.
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Subjects taken from different spoken and written sources of internet resources (scientific
work of leading experts in the field of linguistics and English, Uzbek and Russian
languages), special textbooks (textbooks on the history of the English, Uzbek and Russian
languages), literary texts,( novels, stories) from the books on relevant theme, texts on the
relevant branches of science, of scientific articles and dictionaries.
3.2 Rationale for Qualitative Method
The purpose of qualitative research is to explain semantic and structural features of three
different languages in the example of interrogative pronouns (question words) in the
interrogative sentences. Describe participant meaning of the interrogative pronouns, their
similarity and differences in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. Specifically, this
qualitative research describes the process of understanding based on distinct methodological
traditions of comparison. The researcher builds a complex comparison of semantic and
structural features of the three different languages in the example of interrogative
pronouns.The comparison includes: grammar rules, examples and description of the specific
features of particular language. Thus, using a qualitative methodology allowed the researcher
to study the structure of three different languages and compare them with each other. There
is a number of reasons for using qualitative research to compare semantic and structural
issues. For example:
1. It captures the information, that is an essential component of the research.
2. It is able to describe the conclusions made by linguists based on their experiences.
3. This method allows to make comparison of the semantic features of the languages.
Before the data is analyzed, the researcher will make observations of the documents. The
process of observing allows the researcher to become acquainted with the data.
3.3 Data collection techniques
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
In qualitative research, semantic and structural comparison is used to assist the researcher
to do the classification of datum.
For this research, data will be collected in the forms of semi-structured
grammar
rules and semantic phenomena of particular semantic units, interrogative pronouns,
comparative observation, collection of information, and giving examples.
3.4 The instrument of the research
The instrument of the research is comparative observation. Observation of the semantic
phenomena and structural features of the languages. This observation will be supported by
examples.
Before the data is analyzed, the researcher will make observations of the documents. The
process of observing allows the researcher to become acquainted with the data.
3.5 Data analysis techniques
As,in my research I will make semantic comparison of three different languages in
the example of interrogative pronouns,the problems of translationwill be discussed in
this research.In my work I will use the analytical frameworks of V.G. Gak. In his works
V.G. Gak considered the typology of the languages he compared, paying a great
attention to the details of the languages. As he had mentioned: "Comparative linguistics
grew out of the need to describe
languages and the necessity of their
teaching".According to V.G.Gak: "during comparing languages inevitably marked both
similarities and differences, and no fundamental difference here. To carry out the
difference between "confrontational" and "contrastive" linguistics. "(Gak, 1998: 17)
If the world is seen as a system, then its reflection in the semantic field also has a
systemic features. In today's linguistics the idea of systematic vocabulary has ingrained
in different variations: thematic, semantic, syntagmatic, word-building fields, synonyms,
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
antonyms, etc. Through the efforts of the structuralists, it was determined that the
lexical meaning is a complex unit and, therefore, consists of smaller semantic elements.
On the other hand, it may be added into a semantic unit of higher level, which leads to
a hierarchy in semantic system. ( Gak, 1998: 10)
Zamira Sarieva, 2015
COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC ASPECTS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC CORRELATES IN THE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu