Efektivitas berkumur ekstrak daun neem terhadap penurunan jumlah bakteri pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi USU Medan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Anonymous.
National
Institute
of
Dental
and
Craniofacial
Research.
http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/DentalC
ariesAdults20to64.htm(September 26.2013)
2.
Anonymous. http ://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/13456789/ 20152/5/Chapter%
0I.pdf (September 26.2013)
3.
Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat: pencegahan dan
pemeliharaan. Medan: USU Press, 2008:4-9.
4.
Cvetkovic A, Ivanovic M. The role of Streptococcus mutans group and salivary
immunoglobulins in etiology of ealry childhood caries. Serbian Dent J 2006; 53:
113-23.
5.
Anonymous.
Caries
risk
test.
http://www.ivoclarvivadent.com/zoolu-
website/media/.../496/CRT+bacteria (Oktober 17.2013)
6.
Darby Leonardi M. Incorporating antimicrobial mouthrinses into oral hygiene:
strategies for managing oral biofilm and gingivitis. J Dent Hygiene 2007; 3-33.
7.
Mhaske M, Samad Nazish B, Jawade R, Bhansah A. Chemical agents in control
of dental plaque in dentistry: an overview of current knowledge and future
challenges. Advanced applied science research 2012; 3(1): 268-72.
8.
Kamboj VP. Herbal medicine. Current Science 2000; 78(1): 35-51.
9.
Girish K, Bhat Shankara. Neem- a green treasure. Electronic J Biology 2008;
4(3): 102-11.
10. Siswomihardjo W, Badawi Sunarintyas S, Nishimura M, Hamada T. The
difference of antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extracts. Int Chin J
Dent 2007; 7: 27-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
11. Raveendra P, Acharya L. Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica
leaf extract gel- a 6 week clinical trial. J Ethano-Pharmacology 2004; 90: 99-103.
12. Kumari S, Rajasekar T, Anandhi A, Shahanas B. A comparative study of invitro
antibacterial of neem and miswak extracts against isolated cariogens from dental
caries patients. J Chemical and Pharm Research 2011; 3(5): 638-45.
13. Botelho Antonio M, Araujo Santos R, Martins Galberto J, Carvalho Oliveira C,
Paz Calina M. Efficacy of a mouthrinse based on leaves of the neem tree
(Azadirachta inidica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: a
double blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plants Research 2008; 2(11):
341-6.
14. Suparlinah Al. Saliva dan kaitannya dengan penyakit rongga mulut anak.
http://lib.ugm.ac.id/digitasi/upload/998_pp0911162.pdf (Oktober 17.2013)
15. Stookey GK. The effect of saliva on dental caries. J American Dental
Association 2008; 139(2): 115-75.
16. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: A pH-mediated disease. J CDHA
2010; 25(1): 9-15.
17. Scannapieco FA. Saliva-bacterium interactions in oral microbial ecology.Critical
Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 1994; 5(4): 203-48.
18. Hasmat I, Azad H, Ahmed A. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)- a nature’s
drugstore: an overview. Int Research J Biological Sciences 2012; 1(6): 76-9.
19. Aradilla AS. Uji efektivitas larvasida ekstrak ethanol daun mimba (Azadirachta
indica) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Tesis. Semarang: Program Pendidikan
Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, 2009: 20-2.
20. Tewari VP, Mishra DK. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. www.apforgen.org.
(September 1.2013)
21. Lian Ku. Neem - Azadirachta indica A. Juss.www. stuartxchange.com/Neem.ht
ml (September 1.2013)
22. Anonymous. Neem foundation (chemistry of neem). www.neemfoundation.org/
neem-articles/about-neem-tree/chemistry-of-neem.html (September 1.2013)
23. Ashafa AO, Orekoya LO, Yakubu. Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of A.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
indica stem bark in male Wistar rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles
/PMC3609225/. (September 16.2013)
24. Boadu KO, Tulashie SK, Anang MA, Kpan JD. Toxicological analysis of the
effect of neem tree extract in an organism. European J Experimental Biology
2011; 1(2): 160-71.
25. Bhambal A, Kothari S, Saxena S, Jain M. Comparative effect of neemstick and
toothbrush on plaque removal and gingival health- a clinical trial. J Adv Oral
Research 2011; 2(3): 51-5.
26. Bhowmik D, Chiranjib, Yadav J, Tripathi K, Kumar S. Herbal remedies of
Azadirachta indica and its medicinal application. J Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Research 2010; 2(1): 62-72.
27. Lekshmi P. The inhibiting effect of Azadirachta indica against dental pathogens.
Asian J Plant Sci. Res 2012; 2(1): 6-10.
28. Subramaniam SK, Siswomihardjo W, Sunarintyas S. The effect of different
concerntrations of neem ( Azadirachta indica) leaves extract on the inhibition of
S. mutans. Den J; 38(4): 176-9.
29. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banarjee KR, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological
activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Sci
2002; 82(11): 1336-45.
30. Aarati N, Ranganath N, Soumya B, Kishore B, Mithun K. Evaluation of
antibacterial and anticandidal efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extract of neem
(Azadirachta indica A. Juss)- an invitro study. Int J Research in Ayurveda&
Pharmacy 2011; 2(1): 230-5.
31. Madlena M. The importance of possibilities of proper oral hygiene in orthodontic
patients. www.intechopen.com.(September 4.2013)
32. Pejcic A, Obradovic, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease- a
review. UC Medicine and Biology 2007; 14(2):53-9.
33. Anonymous. Saccharin
International Sweeteners assoc. http://www.info-
edulcorants.org/pdf/Saccharin . (September 17.2013)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
34. Anonymous.
Oral
health
education
unit
department
of
health.
http://www.toothclub.gov.hk/en/en_pdf/en_L074-01.pdf. (Januari 20.2014)
35. Hinham S. Caries process and prevention strategies:The environment. crest OralB
continuing
education
course.
http://media.dentalcare.com/media/en-
US/education/ce371/ce371.pdf (Januari 20.2014)
36. Ahuja V, Basappa N, Prabhakar AR. Effect of curry leaves, garlic and tea tree oil
on S. mutans and Lactobacilli in children-a clinical and microbiology study. Pesq
Bras Odontoped Clin Integr, Joao Pessoa 2009; 9(3): 259-63.
37. Anonymous.
Periodontitis
Prevention-The
New
York
Times
health.
file:///F:/Periodontitis%C2%A0Prevention%20%20Periodontitis%20Health%20I
nformation%20-%20NY%20Times%20Health.htm (Januari 20.2014)
38. Gomes SG, Custodio W, Cury AD. Effect of salivary flow rate on masticatory
efficiency. Int J Prosthodontics 2008; 22: 168-72.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.
Anonymous.
National
Institute
of
Dental
and
Craniofacial
Research.
http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/DentalC
ariesAdults20to64.htm(September 26.2013)
2.
Anonymous. http ://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/13456789/ 20152/5/Chapter%
0I.pdf (September 26.2013)
3.
Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat: pencegahan dan
pemeliharaan. Medan: USU Press, 2008:4-9.
4.
Cvetkovic A, Ivanovic M. The role of Streptococcus mutans group and salivary
immunoglobulins in etiology of ealry childhood caries. Serbian Dent J 2006; 53:
113-23.
5.
Anonymous.
Caries
risk
test.
http://www.ivoclarvivadent.com/zoolu-
website/media/.../496/CRT+bacteria (Oktober 17.2013)
6.
Darby Leonardi M. Incorporating antimicrobial mouthrinses into oral hygiene:
strategies for managing oral biofilm and gingivitis. J Dent Hygiene 2007; 3-33.
7.
Mhaske M, Samad Nazish B, Jawade R, Bhansah A. Chemical agents in control
of dental plaque in dentistry: an overview of current knowledge and future
challenges. Advanced applied science research 2012; 3(1): 268-72.
8.
Kamboj VP. Herbal medicine. Current Science 2000; 78(1): 35-51.
9.
Girish K, Bhat Shankara. Neem- a green treasure. Electronic J Biology 2008;
4(3): 102-11.
10. Siswomihardjo W, Badawi Sunarintyas S, Nishimura M, Hamada T. The
difference of antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extracts. Int Chin J
Dent 2007; 7: 27-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
11. Raveendra P, Acharya L. Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica
leaf extract gel- a 6 week clinical trial. J Ethano-Pharmacology 2004; 90: 99-103.
12. Kumari S, Rajasekar T, Anandhi A, Shahanas B. A comparative study of invitro
antibacterial of neem and miswak extracts against isolated cariogens from dental
caries patients. J Chemical and Pharm Research 2011; 3(5): 638-45.
13. Botelho Antonio M, Araujo Santos R, Martins Galberto J, Carvalho Oliveira C,
Paz Calina M. Efficacy of a mouthrinse based on leaves of the neem tree
(Azadirachta inidica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: a
double blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plants Research 2008; 2(11):
341-6.
14. Suparlinah Al. Saliva dan kaitannya dengan penyakit rongga mulut anak.
http://lib.ugm.ac.id/digitasi/upload/998_pp0911162.pdf (Oktober 17.2013)
15. Stookey GK. The effect of saliva on dental caries. J American Dental
Association 2008; 139(2): 115-75.
16. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: A pH-mediated disease. J CDHA
2010; 25(1): 9-15.
17. Scannapieco FA. Saliva-bacterium interactions in oral microbial ecology.Critical
Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 1994; 5(4): 203-48.
18. Hasmat I, Azad H, Ahmed A. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)- a nature’s
drugstore: an overview. Int Research J Biological Sciences 2012; 1(6): 76-9.
19. Aradilla AS. Uji efektivitas larvasida ekstrak ethanol daun mimba (Azadirachta
indica) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Tesis. Semarang: Program Pendidikan
Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, 2009: 20-2.
20. Tewari VP, Mishra DK. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. www.apforgen.org.
(September 1.2013)
21. Lian Ku. Neem - Azadirachta indica A. Juss.www. stuartxchange.com/Neem.ht
ml (September 1.2013)
22. Anonymous. Neem foundation (chemistry of neem). www.neemfoundation.org/
neem-articles/about-neem-tree/chemistry-of-neem.html (September 1.2013)
23. Ashafa AO, Orekoya LO, Yakubu. Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of A.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
indica stem bark in male Wistar rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles
/PMC3609225/. (September 16.2013)
24. Boadu KO, Tulashie SK, Anang MA, Kpan JD. Toxicological analysis of the
effect of neem tree extract in an organism. European J Experimental Biology
2011; 1(2): 160-71.
25. Bhambal A, Kothari S, Saxena S, Jain M. Comparative effect of neemstick and
toothbrush on plaque removal and gingival health- a clinical trial. J Adv Oral
Research 2011; 2(3): 51-5.
26. Bhowmik D, Chiranjib, Yadav J, Tripathi K, Kumar S. Herbal remedies of
Azadirachta indica and its medicinal application. J Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Research 2010; 2(1): 62-72.
27. Lekshmi P. The inhibiting effect of Azadirachta indica against dental pathogens.
Asian J Plant Sci. Res 2012; 2(1): 6-10.
28. Subramaniam SK, Siswomihardjo W, Sunarintyas S. The effect of different
concerntrations of neem ( Azadirachta indica) leaves extract on the inhibition of
S. mutans. Den J; 38(4): 176-9.
29. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banarjee KR, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological
activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Sci
2002; 82(11): 1336-45.
30. Aarati N, Ranganath N, Soumya B, Kishore B, Mithun K. Evaluation of
antibacterial and anticandidal efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extract of neem
(Azadirachta indica A. Juss)- an invitro study. Int J Research in Ayurveda&
Pharmacy 2011; 2(1): 230-5.
31. Madlena M. The importance of possibilities of proper oral hygiene in orthodontic
patients. www.intechopen.com.(September 4.2013)
32. Pejcic A, Obradovic, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease- a
review. UC Medicine and Biology 2007; 14(2):53-9.
33. Anonymous. Saccharin
International Sweeteners assoc. http://www.info-
edulcorants.org/pdf/Saccharin . (September 17.2013)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
34. Anonymous.
Oral
health
education
unit
department
of
health.
http://www.toothclub.gov.hk/en/en_pdf/en_L074-01.pdf. (Januari 20.2014)
35. Hinham S. Caries process and prevention strategies:The environment. crest OralB
continuing
education
course.
http://media.dentalcare.com/media/en-
US/education/ce371/ce371.pdf (Januari 20.2014)
36. Ahuja V, Basappa N, Prabhakar AR. Effect of curry leaves, garlic and tea tree oil
on S. mutans and Lactobacilli in children-a clinical and microbiology study. Pesq
Bras Odontoped Clin Integr, Joao Pessoa 2009; 9(3): 259-63.
37. Anonymous.
Periodontitis
Prevention-The
New
York
Times
health.
file:///F:/Periodontitis%C2%A0Prevention%20%20Periodontitis%20Health%20I
nformation%20-%20NY%20Times%20Health.htm (Januari 20.2014)
38. Gomes SG, Custodio W, Cury AD. Effect of salivary flow rate on masticatory
efficiency. Int J Prosthodontics 2008; 22: 168-72.
Universitas Sumatera Utara