Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Film Galaktomanan Ikat Silang Glutaraldehida Melalui Reaksi Kondensasi dari Galaktomanan Kolang-Kaling (Arenga pinnata)
53
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim, 2008, A Glimpse of Galactomannans, Science Tech Entrepreneur, 1-2.
Anonim, 2009, Aren Sumber Alternatif, Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Pertanian,31, 2.
Aydinli, M., Tutas, M., Bozdemir, A., 2004, Mechanical and Light Transmittance
Properties of Locust Bean Gum Based Edible Films, Turk, J.Chem., 28:
163-171.
Bozdemir, O.A., and Tutas, M., 2003, Plasticiser Effect on Water Vapour
Permeability Properties of Locust bean gum-Based Edible film, Turk, J.
Chem., 27: 773-782.
Cheng, L. H., Abd Karim, A., and Seow, C. C., 2007, Effect of Acid Modification
on Physical Properties of Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) Film, Food
Chemistry, 103: 994-1002.
Chudzikowski, R.J., 1971, Guar Gum and Its Applications, Society of Cosmetic
Chemists of Great Britain, 22: 43-60.
Cerqueira, M.A., Souza, B.W.S., Pinheiro, A.C., Lima, A.M.P., Ribeiro, A.C.,
Miranda, C., Teixeria, A.J., Morira, R.A., Coimbra, M.A., Goncalves.,
M.P., 2009, Extraction, Purification and Characterization of
Galactomannans from Non-Traditional Source, Carbohydrate Polymers,
75: 408-414. Didalam Tarigan, R., 2013, Sintesa Karboksi Metil
Galaktomanan Melalui Reaksi Antara Chloro Asetat dengan
Galaktomanan yang Diekstraksi dari Pelepah Lidah Buaya, FMIPA,
Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Dakia, P.A., Blecker, C., Roberta, C., Watheleta, B., & Paquota, M., 2008.
Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Locust Bean Gum
Extracted from WholeSeeds by Acid or Water Dehulling Pre-treatment,
Food Hydrocolloids, 22: 807-818.
Daramola, B., and Osanyinlusi, S.A., 2006, Investigation on Modification of
Cassava Starch Using Active Components of Ginger Roots (Zingiber
officinale Roscoe), African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 5, pp. 917920.
Fennema, O.R., 1985, Principles of Food Science, Marcell Dekker, New York,
Didalam Prasetyanti, R., 1991, Karakterisasi Galaktomanan dan
Fosfolipid Daging Buah Berbagai Kultivar Kelapa (Cocos nucifera),
Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor: 19-20. Kabir, G.I., Yagen B.,
Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 1998, Low Swelling, Crosslinked Guar and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
Its Potential Use as Colon-Specific Drug Carrier, Pharmaceutical
Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Fessenden, R.J., and Fessenden J.S., 1986, Kimia Organik, Jilid 2, Jakarta,
Penerbit Erlangga.
Gaurav, T., 2010, Primary and Novel Approaches for Colon Targeted Drug
Delivery A Review, Drug Deliv, Int.J., 2: 1-11.
Gowda D.V., Khan, M.S and Vineela S., 2012, Development and Evaluation
Cross-Linked Guar Gum Microspheres for Improved Delivery of
Anticancer to Colon, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 51: 1395-1404.
Jose, S., 2009, Colon Targeted Drug Delivery: Different Approaches, Pharm,
J.Young., 1:13-19. Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A.,
1998, Low Swelling, Crosslinked Guar and Its Potential Use as ColonSpecific Drug Carrier, Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 1998, Low Swelling,
Crosslinked Guar and Its Potential Use as Colon-Specific Drug Carrier,
Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 2000, Phosphated
Crosslinked Guar for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery, I. Preparation and
Physicochemical Characterization, Journal Controlled Release, 63:121127.
Kawahara, J., Ohmori, T., Ohkubo, T., Hattori, S., and Kawamura, M., 1992, The
Structure of Glutaraldehyde in Aqueous Solution Determined by
Ultravioled Absorption and Light Scattering, Anal. Biochem, 201: 94-98.
Ketaren, S.,1975, Gum Sumber dan Peranannya, Departemen Teknologi Hasil
Pertanian, FATEMETA, IPB, Bogor, Didalam Prasetyanti, R., 1991,
Karakterisasi Galaktomanan dan Fosfolipid Daging Buah Berbagai
Kultivar Kelapa (Cocos nucifera), Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor:
19-20.
Kim, C.J., and Lee, P.I., 1992, Composite Poly (vinyl alcohol) Beads for
Controlled Drug Delivery, Pharm. Res, 9: 10-16.
Kok, M.S., Hill, S.E., dan Mitchell, J.R., 1999, Viscosity of Galactomannan
During High Temperature Processing, Influence of Degradation and
Solubilisation, Food Hydrocoloids, 13: 535-542. Didalam Tarigan, R.,
2013, Sintesa Karboksi Metil Galaktomanan Melalui Reaksi Antara
Chloro Asetat dengan Galaktomanan yang Diekstraksi dari Pelepah
Lidah Buaya, FMIPA, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Kooiman, P., 1971, Stuctures of The Galactomannan Seeds of Annona muricata,
Arenga saccharifera, Cocos nucifera, Convolvulus tricolor, and Sophora
Japonica, Carbohid. Res, 20: 329-337. Didalam Tarigan, J., 2012,
Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan Antimikroba
dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang Diinkoporasi
dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.), FMIPA,
USU, Medan.
Krishnaiah, Y.S.R., and Satyanarayana, S., 2001, Colon-specific drug delivery
Systems, In: Jain, N.K.ed., 2004, Advances in Controlled and Novel Drug
Delivery, New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors: 89-119.
Mathur, V., and Mathur, N.K., 2005, Fenugreek and Other Lesser Known Legume
Galactomannan-Polysaccharides : Scope For Developments, Journal of
Scientific & Industrial Research, 64: 475-481.
Mathur, N.K., 2012, Indutrial Galactomannan Polysaccharides, CRC Press, Boca
Raton, Florida.
Nisa, C.T., 1996, Masalah Dorminasi pada Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata merr) serta
Pemecahannya untusk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan, Pidato
Pengukuhan Guru Besar USU, Medan. Didalam Tarigan, J., 2012,
Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan Antimikroba
dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang Diinkoporasi
dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.), FMIPA,
USU, Medan.
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R., and Anthony, S., 2009,
Agroforestree Database Tree Reference and Selection Guide Version 4.0,
(http://www.worldagrroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp).
Raina, C., Singh, S., Bawa, A., dan Saxena, D., Rheological Properties of
Chemically Modified Rice Starch Model Solution, Journal of Food
Process Engineering, 2005, Vol. 29, pp. 134-148.
Raina, C., Singh, S., Bawa, A., dan Saxena, D., 2006, Some Characteristics of
Acetylated, Cross-linked and Dual Modified Indian Rice Starches,
European Food Research and Technology, 223 : 561-570. Didalam Teja,
A., Sindi, P., Ayucitra A., Setiawan, L.E.K., 2008, Karakterisasi Pati
Sagu dengan Metode Modifikasi Asetilasi dan Cross-linking, Jurnal
Teknik Kimia Indonesia, 7: 836-843.
Rana, V., Rai, P., Tiwary, A.K., Singh, R.S., Kennedy, J.F., and Charles, 2011,
Modified Gum: Approaches and aplications in Drug Delivery,
Carbohydrate Polymers, 83: 1031-1047.
Rao, C. V., Choudhury, D., and Bagghi, P., 1961, Can. J. Chem, 39, dalam
Koiman, P., (1971), Structures of The Galactomannan Seeds of Annona
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
muricata, Arenga saccharifera, Cocos nucifera, Convolvulus tricolor,
and Sophora japonica, Carbohyd. Res, 20: 329-337.
Rubinstein, A., and Gliko-Kabir, I., 1995, Synthesis and Swelling Dependent
Enzymatic Degradation of Borax Modified of Guar Gum for Colonic
Delivery Purposes, Pharm, S.T.P., Sci, 5:41-46.
Sagala, S, T., 2013, Karakterisasi Pembuatan Edible Film dari Campuran
Tepung, Rumput Laut (Eucheuma sp.), Kitosan dan Gliserin. Medan:
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Departemen Kimia.
Sigres, D.P., dan Sutrisno, A., 2013, Enzim Mananase dan Aplikasi di Bidang
Industri, Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, Vol. 3.
Silveira, J.L.M., 2011, Pharmaceutical Use of Galactomannans, Quim, Nova,
Brasil, 34: 292-299.
Silverstein, R.M., 1981, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds,
Fourth Edition, SUNY College of Enviromental Science and Forestry,
Jhon Wiley and Sons, Inc3: 115-120.
Srivastava, M., and Kapoor, V.P., 2005,Seed galactomannans: An overview, In
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2: 295-317.
Stevens, M.P. 2000. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan pertama. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
Stuart, B., 2004, Infrared Spectroscopy : Fundamentals and Applications,
Analytical Techniques in The Science, John Wiley and Sons, Page 84.
Sunanto, 1993, Aren : Budidaya dan Multigunanya, Kanisius-Yogyakarta.
Tarigan, J. dan Kaban, J., 2011, Karakterisasi Ekstrak Kolang-Kaling (Arenga
Pinnata). Medan : Laboratorium Kimia Organik Departemen Kimia
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Dalam Evitriwulan.
2012., Analisis Komponen Senyawa Kimia Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi
(Ocimum basilicum L.) Dan Sifat Antimikroba Apabila Diinkorporasi
Pada Film Galaktomanan, Skripsi Departemen Kimia. FMIPA, USU,
Medan.
Tarigan, J., 2012, Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan
Antimikroba dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang
Diinkoporasi dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum
L.), FMIPA, USU, Medan.
Torio, M.A.O., Saez, J., dan Merca, E., 2006, Physicochemical Characterization
of Galactomannan from Sugar Palm (Arenga saccharifera Labill.)
Endosperm at Different Stages of Nut Maturity, Philippine Journal of
Science, 135 (1): 19-30.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
57
Vargas, M., Pastor, C., Chiralt, A., McClements, D. J., & Gonzalez-Martınez, C.,
2008, RecentAdvances in Edible Coatings for Fresh and Minimally
Processed Fruits, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 48:
496-511.
Widyatama, D., 2011, Efektifitas Kombinasi Glutaraldehid dan Didecil Dimetil
Amonium Klorida Sebagai Desinfektan Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah
Bakteri Pada Kandang Ayam Layer, Universitas Airlangga: Surabaya.
Wirjosentono, B., 1995, Perkembangan Polimer di Indonesia, Orasi Ilmiah
Lustrum 6, Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Wong, D., Larabee, S., Clifford, K.,Tremblay, J., Friend, D.R., 1997, USP
Dissolution Apparatus III (Reciprocating Cylinder) for Screening of
Guar BasedColonic Delivery Formulations, J.Contr, Rel, 47: 173-179.
Zultiniar, G.D., and Casoni, M.S., 2009, Ekstraksi Galaktomanan Dari Ampas
Kelapa, Laboratorium Proses Pemisahan dan Pemurnian, Program Studi
Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim, 2008, A Glimpse of Galactomannans, Science Tech Entrepreneur, 1-2.
Anonim, 2009, Aren Sumber Alternatif, Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Pertanian,31, 2.
Aydinli, M., Tutas, M., Bozdemir, A., 2004, Mechanical and Light Transmittance
Properties of Locust Bean Gum Based Edible Films, Turk, J.Chem., 28:
163-171.
Bozdemir, O.A., and Tutas, M., 2003, Plasticiser Effect on Water Vapour
Permeability Properties of Locust bean gum-Based Edible film, Turk, J.
Chem., 27: 773-782.
Cheng, L. H., Abd Karim, A., and Seow, C. C., 2007, Effect of Acid Modification
on Physical Properties of Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) Film, Food
Chemistry, 103: 994-1002.
Chudzikowski, R.J., 1971, Guar Gum and Its Applications, Society of Cosmetic
Chemists of Great Britain, 22: 43-60.
Cerqueira, M.A., Souza, B.W.S., Pinheiro, A.C., Lima, A.M.P., Ribeiro, A.C.,
Miranda, C., Teixeria, A.J., Morira, R.A., Coimbra, M.A., Goncalves.,
M.P., 2009, Extraction, Purification and Characterization of
Galactomannans from Non-Traditional Source, Carbohydrate Polymers,
75: 408-414. Didalam Tarigan, R., 2013, Sintesa Karboksi Metil
Galaktomanan Melalui Reaksi Antara Chloro Asetat dengan
Galaktomanan yang Diekstraksi dari Pelepah Lidah Buaya, FMIPA,
Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Dakia, P.A., Blecker, C., Roberta, C., Watheleta, B., & Paquota, M., 2008.
Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Locust Bean Gum
Extracted from WholeSeeds by Acid or Water Dehulling Pre-treatment,
Food Hydrocolloids, 22: 807-818.
Daramola, B., and Osanyinlusi, S.A., 2006, Investigation on Modification of
Cassava Starch Using Active Components of Ginger Roots (Zingiber
officinale Roscoe), African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 5, pp. 917920.
Fennema, O.R., 1985, Principles of Food Science, Marcell Dekker, New York,
Didalam Prasetyanti, R., 1991, Karakterisasi Galaktomanan dan
Fosfolipid Daging Buah Berbagai Kultivar Kelapa (Cocos nucifera),
Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor: 19-20. Kabir, G.I., Yagen B.,
Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 1998, Low Swelling, Crosslinked Guar and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
Its Potential Use as Colon-Specific Drug Carrier, Pharmaceutical
Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Fessenden, R.J., and Fessenden J.S., 1986, Kimia Organik, Jilid 2, Jakarta,
Penerbit Erlangga.
Gaurav, T., 2010, Primary and Novel Approaches for Colon Targeted Drug
Delivery A Review, Drug Deliv, Int.J., 2: 1-11.
Gowda D.V., Khan, M.S and Vineela S., 2012, Development and Evaluation
Cross-Linked Guar Gum Microspheres for Improved Delivery of
Anticancer to Colon, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 51: 1395-1404.
Jose, S., 2009, Colon Targeted Drug Delivery: Different Approaches, Pharm,
J.Young., 1:13-19. Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A.,
1998, Low Swelling, Crosslinked Guar and Its Potential Use as ColonSpecific Drug Carrier, Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 1998, Low Swelling,
Crosslinked Guar and Its Potential Use as Colon-Specific Drug Carrier,
Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (7): 1091-1025.
Kabir, G.I., Yagen B., Penhasi A and Rubinstein A., 2000, Phosphated
Crosslinked Guar for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery, I. Preparation and
Physicochemical Characterization, Journal Controlled Release, 63:121127.
Kawahara, J., Ohmori, T., Ohkubo, T., Hattori, S., and Kawamura, M., 1992, The
Structure of Glutaraldehyde in Aqueous Solution Determined by
Ultravioled Absorption and Light Scattering, Anal. Biochem, 201: 94-98.
Ketaren, S.,1975, Gum Sumber dan Peranannya, Departemen Teknologi Hasil
Pertanian, FATEMETA, IPB, Bogor, Didalam Prasetyanti, R., 1991,
Karakterisasi Galaktomanan dan Fosfolipid Daging Buah Berbagai
Kultivar Kelapa (Cocos nucifera), Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor:
19-20.
Kim, C.J., and Lee, P.I., 1992, Composite Poly (vinyl alcohol) Beads for
Controlled Drug Delivery, Pharm. Res, 9: 10-16.
Kok, M.S., Hill, S.E., dan Mitchell, J.R., 1999, Viscosity of Galactomannan
During High Temperature Processing, Influence of Degradation and
Solubilisation, Food Hydrocoloids, 13: 535-542. Didalam Tarigan, R.,
2013, Sintesa Karboksi Metil Galaktomanan Melalui Reaksi Antara
Chloro Asetat dengan Galaktomanan yang Diekstraksi dari Pelepah
Lidah Buaya, FMIPA, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Kooiman, P., 1971, Stuctures of The Galactomannan Seeds of Annona muricata,
Arenga saccharifera, Cocos nucifera, Convolvulus tricolor, and Sophora
Japonica, Carbohid. Res, 20: 329-337. Didalam Tarigan, J., 2012,
Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan Antimikroba
dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang Diinkoporasi
dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.), FMIPA,
USU, Medan.
Krishnaiah, Y.S.R., and Satyanarayana, S., 2001, Colon-specific drug delivery
Systems, In: Jain, N.K.ed., 2004, Advances in Controlled and Novel Drug
Delivery, New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors: 89-119.
Mathur, V., and Mathur, N.K., 2005, Fenugreek and Other Lesser Known Legume
Galactomannan-Polysaccharides : Scope For Developments, Journal of
Scientific & Industrial Research, 64: 475-481.
Mathur, N.K., 2012, Indutrial Galactomannan Polysaccharides, CRC Press, Boca
Raton, Florida.
Nisa, C.T., 1996, Masalah Dorminasi pada Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata merr) serta
Pemecahannya untusk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan, Pidato
Pengukuhan Guru Besar USU, Medan. Didalam Tarigan, J., 2012,
Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan Antimikroba
dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang Diinkoporasi
dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.), FMIPA,
USU, Medan.
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R., and Anthony, S., 2009,
Agroforestree Database Tree Reference and Selection Guide Version 4.0,
(http://www.worldagrroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp).
Raina, C., Singh, S., Bawa, A., dan Saxena, D., Rheological Properties of
Chemically Modified Rice Starch Model Solution, Journal of Food
Process Engineering, 2005, Vol. 29, pp. 134-148.
Raina, C., Singh, S., Bawa, A., dan Saxena, D., 2006, Some Characteristics of
Acetylated, Cross-linked and Dual Modified Indian Rice Starches,
European Food Research and Technology, 223 : 561-570. Didalam Teja,
A., Sindi, P., Ayucitra A., Setiawan, L.E.K., 2008, Karakterisasi Pati
Sagu dengan Metode Modifikasi Asetilasi dan Cross-linking, Jurnal
Teknik Kimia Indonesia, 7: 836-843.
Rana, V., Rai, P., Tiwary, A.K., Singh, R.S., Kennedy, J.F., and Charles, 2011,
Modified Gum: Approaches and aplications in Drug Delivery,
Carbohydrate Polymers, 83: 1031-1047.
Rao, C. V., Choudhury, D., and Bagghi, P., 1961, Can. J. Chem, 39, dalam
Koiman, P., (1971), Structures of The Galactomannan Seeds of Annona
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
muricata, Arenga saccharifera, Cocos nucifera, Convolvulus tricolor,
and Sophora japonica, Carbohyd. Res, 20: 329-337.
Rubinstein, A., and Gliko-Kabir, I., 1995, Synthesis and Swelling Dependent
Enzymatic Degradation of Borax Modified of Guar Gum for Colonic
Delivery Purposes, Pharm, S.T.P., Sci, 5:41-46.
Sagala, S, T., 2013, Karakterisasi Pembuatan Edible Film dari Campuran
Tepung, Rumput Laut (Eucheuma sp.), Kitosan dan Gliserin. Medan:
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Departemen Kimia.
Sigres, D.P., dan Sutrisno, A., 2013, Enzim Mananase dan Aplikasi di Bidang
Industri, Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, Vol. 3.
Silveira, J.L.M., 2011, Pharmaceutical Use of Galactomannans, Quim, Nova,
Brasil, 34: 292-299.
Silverstein, R.M., 1981, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds,
Fourth Edition, SUNY College of Enviromental Science and Forestry,
Jhon Wiley and Sons, Inc3: 115-120.
Srivastava, M., and Kapoor, V.P., 2005,Seed galactomannans: An overview, In
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2: 295-317.
Stevens, M.P. 2000. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan pertama. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
Stuart, B., 2004, Infrared Spectroscopy : Fundamentals and Applications,
Analytical Techniques in The Science, John Wiley and Sons, Page 84.
Sunanto, 1993, Aren : Budidaya dan Multigunanya, Kanisius-Yogyakarta.
Tarigan, J. dan Kaban, J., 2011, Karakterisasi Ekstrak Kolang-Kaling (Arenga
Pinnata). Medan : Laboratorium Kimia Organik Departemen Kimia
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Dalam Evitriwulan.
2012., Analisis Komponen Senyawa Kimia Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi
(Ocimum basilicum L.) Dan Sifat Antimikroba Apabila Diinkorporasi
Pada Film Galaktomanan, Skripsi Departemen Kimia. FMIPA, USU,
Medan.
Tarigan, J., 2012, Karakterisasi Edible Film yang Bersifat Antioksidan dan
Antimikroba dari Galaktomanan Biji Aren (Arenga pinnata) yang
Diinkoporasi dengan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum
L.), FMIPA, USU, Medan.
Torio, M.A.O., Saez, J., dan Merca, E., 2006, Physicochemical Characterization
of Galactomannan from Sugar Palm (Arenga saccharifera Labill.)
Endosperm at Different Stages of Nut Maturity, Philippine Journal of
Science, 135 (1): 19-30.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
57
Vargas, M., Pastor, C., Chiralt, A., McClements, D. J., & Gonzalez-Martınez, C.,
2008, RecentAdvances in Edible Coatings for Fresh and Minimally
Processed Fruits, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 48:
496-511.
Widyatama, D., 2011, Efektifitas Kombinasi Glutaraldehid dan Didecil Dimetil
Amonium Klorida Sebagai Desinfektan Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah
Bakteri Pada Kandang Ayam Layer, Universitas Airlangga: Surabaya.
Wirjosentono, B., 1995, Perkembangan Polimer di Indonesia, Orasi Ilmiah
Lustrum 6, Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Wong, D., Larabee, S., Clifford, K.,Tremblay, J., Friend, D.R., 1997, USP
Dissolution Apparatus III (Reciprocating Cylinder) for Screening of
Guar BasedColonic Delivery Formulations, J.Contr, Rel, 47: 173-179.
Zultiniar, G.D., and Casoni, M.S., 2009, Ekstraksi Galaktomanan Dari Ampas
Kelapa, Laboratorium Proses Pemisahan dan Pemurnian, Program Studi
Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau.
Universitas Sumatera Utara