Pengaruh Penambahan Resorsinol Pada Pembuatan Perekat Likuida Sabut Kelapa
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Tito Sucipto, “Karakterisasi Partikel Dan Likuida Tandan Kosong Sawit”, Tesis,
Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB, Bogor, 2009.
[2] Subiyanto, “Prospek Industri Pengolahan Limbah Sabut Kelapa”, Jurnal
Teknologi Lingkungan, Vol.1, 2000 : hal 1-9
[3] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, “Data Lima Tahun Subsektor Perkebunan
( 2008-2012)”, www.deptan.gi.id, 2013.
[4] Pu S, Yoshioka M, Tanihara Y Shiraishi N, “Liquefaction Of Wood In Phenol
And Its Application To Adhesive”, Kyoto : Kyoto University, 1991.
[5] Pamungkas E.A., “Kualitas Papan Partikel Limbah Dan Likuida Sabut Kelapa
Dengan Fortifikasi Melamin Formaldehida”,Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas
kehutanan, Bogor, 2006.
[6] Alvin Andro Meda, “Kualitas Komposit Dan Likuida Limbah Sabut Kelapa
Dengan Fortifikasi Perekat Poliuretan”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas kehutanan,
Bogor, 2006.
[7] Sari,
“Lem
Resorcinol
and
Phenol-Resorcinol
Formaldehyde”,
http://www.wisnoe.com/index.php/en/informasi-dan-bisnis/25-the-project, 2012.
[8] Jung-Uk Lee dan Yong-Sung OH, “Properties Of Particleboard Produced With
Liquefaction-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive”, Turk J Agric for 34, 2010 :
303-308.
[9] Harmaja Simatupang, Andi Nata, Netti Herlina, “Istudi Isolasi Dan Rendemen
Lignin Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, Vol
1, No 1, 2012: 20-24.
[10] Yamada T, Hu Y, Ono H, “Condensation Reaction Of Degraded Lignocellulose
During Wood Liquefaction In The Presence Of Polyhydric Alcohols”, J Adhesion
Soc Japan, 37(12), 2001: 471-478.
[11] Jorge Rencoret, John Ralph, Gisela Marques, Ana Gutierrez, Angel T. Martinez
Dan Jose C. Del Rio,”Structural Characterization Of Lignin Isolated From Coconut
(Cocos Nucifera) Coir Fibers”, Journal Or Agricultural And Food Chemistry,61,
2013 : 2434-2445.
[12] Majid Ali, “Coconut Fibre-A Versatile Material And Its Applications In
Engineering”, http://www.claisse.info/proceeding.html, 2010.
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[13] Paulien Harmsen, Wouter Huijgen, Laura Bermudez, Robert Bakker,
“Literature Review Of Physical And Chemical Pretreatment Processes For
Lignocellulosic Biomass”, Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, 2010.
[14] Siti Maryam, “Analisis Komponen Serat Sisal dan Serat Sabut Kelapa”,
Sukabumi: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, 2011.
[15] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, “SNI 06-4567-1998 Tentang Fenol Formaldehida
Cair Untuk Perekat Kayu Lapis”, Jakarta: BSN, 1998.
[16] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, SNI 06-0060-1998 “Tentang Urea Formaldehida
Cair Untuk Perekat Kayu Lapis”,Jakarta: BSN, 1998.
[17] NIU Min, ZHAO Guang-Jie, Mehmet Hakki Alma, “Polycondensation Reaction
And Its Mechanism During Lignocellulosic Liquefaction By An Acid Catalyst: A
Review”, Forestry Studies in China, Vo1.l3, No.l, 2011; 71-79.
[18] Lin L Z, Yao Y G, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, “Liquefaction Mechanism Of
Lignin In The Presence Of Phenol At Elevated Temperature Without Catalysts:
Studies On Β-O-4 Lignin Model Compound. 2. Reaction Pathway”, Holzforschung,
51(4), 1997: 325-332.
[19] Masahiko Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Asano, Mikio Kajiyama, Bunichiro Tomita,
“Analysis On Residue Formation During Wood Liquefaction With Polyhydric
Alcohol”, Journal Wood Sci, 50 (5), 2004 : 407-414.
[20] Doyle, Shari K, “Formaldehyde”, United States : Enviromental Protection
Agency, 2007.
[21] Sundaryono, Agus., “Karakteristik Biodiesel Dan Blending Biodiesel Dari Oil
Losses Limbah Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit”, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Bengkulu, 2005.
[22] Marcelila Medynda, “Pengembangan Perekat Likuida Dari Limbah Kulit Buah
Kakao ( Theobroma Cacao L.), Skripsi, Program Sarjana Falkutas Kehutanan USU,
Medan, 2012.
[23] Risfaheri, et al,”Optimasi Komposisi Kardanol Dari Minyak Kulit Mete Sebagai
Substitusi Fenol Dalam Formulasi Perekat Fenol Formaldehida”,Jurnal
Pascapanen,2(1), 2005: 23-33.
[24] Ridwanti Batubara, Pemanfaatan Lignin Dari Lindi Hitam Sebagai Bahan Baku
Perekat Lignin Resorsinol Formaldehida (LRF), Jurnal VISI (2009) 17 (2), ISSN
0853-0203, 2009 : 207-216,
[25] Arif Budiman, “Farmasi Fisika”, http://farmasi-fisika-kelarutan.pdf, Diakses 9
Agustus 2014.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[26] Surdiding Ruhendi, F. Febrianto dan N. Sahriawati, “Likuida kayu untuk
perekat kayu lapis Eksterior, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan, Bogor,
2000.
[27] Surdiding Ruhendi, “Kualitas Papan Partikel Kenaf Menggunakan Perekat
Likuisa Dengan Fortifikasi Melamin Formaldehid”, Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi
Hasil Hutan 1(1): 34-44.
[28] Ahmad Werdhi Kausar, “Kualitas Likuida Tandan Kosong Sawit (Elaeis
Guineensis Jacq) Dengan Perlakuan Perendaman N-Heksane Dan Pemberian
Resorsinol”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor, 2012.
[29] Setiawan, “Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq)
Sebagai Bahan Baku Perekat Likuida Kayu Dan Papan Partikel Berkerapatan
Sedang”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor, 2004.
[30] Roger M. Rowell, “Wood Chemistry And Wood Composites”, Florida : CRC
Press, 2000.
[31] Adi Santoso, et al., “Sintesis Dan Karakteristik Resin Lignin Resorsinol
Formaldehida Sebagai Perekat Kayu Lamina” Majalah IPTEK, Vol 15 No 3 Agustus
2004.
[32] Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, .” Introduction to
Spectroscopy, Washington : Thomson Learning,2001
[33] Young P.R, “basic Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry On Line.
http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/wweb1/ocol/spec/IR.htm, Diakses 9 agustus 2014.
[34] Geankoplis, Transport Process and Separation Process Principles. New York,
2003.
44
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] Tito Sucipto, “Karakterisasi Partikel Dan Likuida Tandan Kosong Sawit”, Tesis,
Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB, Bogor, 2009.
[2] Subiyanto, “Prospek Industri Pengolahan Limbah Sabut Kelapa”, Jurnal
Teknologi Lingkungan, Vol.1, 2000 : hal 1-9
[3] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, “Data Lima Tahun Subsektor Perkebunan
( 2008-2012)”, www.deptan.gi.id, 2013.
[4] Pu S, Yoshioka M, Tanihara Y Shiraishi N, “Liquefaction Of Wood In Phenol
And Its Application To Adhesive”, Kyoto : Kyoto University, 1991.
[5] Pamungkas E.A., “Kualitas Papan Partikel Limbah Dan Likuida Sabut Kelapa
Dengan Fortifikasi Melamin Formaldehida”,Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas
kehutanan, Bogor, 2006.
[6] Alvin Andro Meda, “Kualitas Komposit Dan Likuida Limbah Sabut Kelapa
Dengan Fortifikasi Perekat Poliuretan”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas kehutanan,
Bogor, 2006.
[7] Sari,
“Lem
Resorcinol
and
Phenol-Resorcinol
Formaldehyde”,
http://www.wisnoe.com/index.php/en/informasi-dan-bisnis/25-the-project, 2012.
[8] Jung-Uk Lee dan Yong-Sung OH, “Properties Of Particleboard Produced With
Liquefaction-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive”, Turk J Agric for 34, 2010 :
303-308.
[9] Harmaja Simatupang, Andi Nata, Netti Herlina, “Istudi Isolasi Dan Rendemen
Lignin Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, Vol
1, No 1, 2012: 20-24.
[10] Yamada T, Hu Y, Ono H, “Condensation Reaction Of Degraded Lignocellulose
During Wood Liquefaction In The Presence Of Polyhydric Alcohols”, J Adhesion
Soc Japan, 37(12), 2001: 471-478.
[11] Jorge Rencoret, John Ralph, Gisela Marques, Ana Gutierrez, Angel T. Martinez
Dan Jose C. Del Rio,”Structural Characterization Of Lignin Isolated From Coconut
(Cocos Nucifera) Coir Fibers”, Journal Or Agricultural And Food Chemistry,61,
2013 : 2434-2445.
[12] Majid Ali, “Coconut Fibre-A Versatile Material And Its Applications In
Engineering”, http://www.claisse.info/proceeding.html, 2010.
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[13] Paulien Harmsen, Wouter Huijgen, Laura Bermudez, Robert Bakker,
“Literature Review Of Physical And Chemical Pretreatment Processes For
Lignocellulosic Biomass”, Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, 2010.
[14] Siti Maryam, “Analisis Komponen Serat Sisal dan Serat Sabut Kelapa”,
Sukabumi: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, 2011.
[15] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, “SNI 06-4567-1998 Tentang Fenol Formaldehida
Cair Untuk Perekat Kayu Lapis”, Jakarta: BSN, 1998.
[16] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, SNI 06-0060-1998 “Tentang Urea Formaldehida
Cair Untuk Perekat Kayu Lapis”,Jakarta: BSN, 1998.
[17] NIU Min, ZHAO Guang-Jie, Mehmet Hakki Alma, “Polycondensation Reaction
And Its Mechanism During Lignocellulosic Liquefaction By An Acid Catalyst: A
Review”, Forestry Studies in China, Vo1.l3, No.l, 2011; 71-79.
[18] Lin L Z, Yao Y G, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, “Liquefaction Mechanism Of
Lignin In The Presence Of Phenol At Elevated Temperature Without Catalysts:
Studies On Β-O-4 Lignin Model Compound. 2. Reaction Pathway”, Holzforschung,
51(4), 1997: 325-332.
[19] Masahiko Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Asano, Mikio Kajiyama, Bunichiro Tomita,
“Analysis On Residue Formation During Wood Liquefaction With Polyhydric
Alcohol”, Journal Wood Sci, 50 (5), 2004 : 407-414.
[20] Doyle, Shari K, “Formaldehyde”, United States : Enviromental Protection
Agency, 2007.
[21] Sundaryono, Agus., “Karakteristik Biodiesel Dan Blending Biodiesel Dari Oil
Losses Limbah Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit”, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Bengkulu, 2005.
[22] Marcelila Medynda, “Pengembangan Perekat Likuida Dari Limbah Kulit Buah
Kakao ( Theobroma Cacao L.), Skripsi, Program Sarjana Falkutas Kehutanan USU,
Medan, 2012.
[23] Risfaheri, et al,”Optimasi Komposisi Kardanol Dari Minyak Kulit Mete Sebagai
Substitusi Fenol Dalam Formulasi Perekat Fenol Formaldehida”,Jurnal
Pascapanen,2(1), 2005: 23-33.
[24] Ridwanti Batubara, Pemanfaatan Lignin Dari Lindi Hitam Sebagai Bahan Baku
Perekat Lignin Resorsinol Formaldehida (LRF), Jurnal VISI (2009) 17 (2), ISSN
0853-0203, 2009 : 207-216,
[25] Arif Budiman, “Farmasi Fisika”, http://farmasi-fisika-kelarutan.pdf, Diakses 9
Agustus 2014.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[26] Surdiding Ruhendi, F. Febrianto dan N. Sahriawati, “Likuida kayu untuk
perekat kayu lapis Eksterior, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan, Bogor,
2000.
[27] Surdiding Ruhendi, “Kualitas Papan Partikel Kenaf Menggunakan Perekat
Likuisa Dengan Fortifikasi Melamin Formaldehid”, Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi
Hasil Hutan 1(1): 34-44.
[28] Ahmad Werdhi Kausar, “Kualitas Likuida Tandan Kosong Sawit (Elaeis
Guineensis Jacq) Dengan Perlakuan Perendaman N-Heksane Dan Pemberian
Resorsinol”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor, 2012.
[29] Setiawan, “Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq)
Sebagai Bahan Baku Perekat Likuida Kayu Dan Papan Partikel Berkerapatan
Sedang”, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor, 2004.
[30] Roger M. Rowell, “Wood Chemistry And Wood Composites”, Florida : CRC
Press, 2000.
[31] Adi Santoso, et al., “Sintesis Dan Karakteristik Resin Lignin Resorsinol
Formaldehida Sebagai Perekat Kayu Lamina” Majalah IPTEK, Vol 15 No 3 Agustus
2004.
[32] Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, .” Introduction to
Spectroscopy, Washington : Thomson Learning,2001
[33] Young P.R, “basic Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry On Line.
http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/wweb1/ocol/spec/IR.htm, Diakses 9 agustus 2014.
[34] Geankoplis, Transport Process and Separation Process Principles. New York,
2003.
44
Universitas Sumatera Utara