AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE & TRANSLATION QUALITY OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN UNIFORM CUSTOMS & PRACTICES FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO. 600 REVISION 2007.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION
QUALITY OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN UNIFORM CUSTOMS &
PRACTICES FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO. 600 REVISION 2007
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Sarjana Degree at English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta
2016
i
THESIS APPROVAL
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION
QUALITY OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN UNIFORM CUSTOMS &
PRACTICES FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO. 600 REVISION 2007
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
Approved to be examined before the Board Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Consultant
Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum
NIP. 19830211 200604 2 001
Head of English Department
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic
Terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision
2007
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
Approved and Accepted by the Board of Examiners, Faculty of Cultural
Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Position
Name
Chairperson
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
Secretary
Fenty Kusumastuti S.S., M.Hum.
NIP. 19810127 20130201
First Examiner
Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum
NIP. 19830211 200604 2 001
Second Examiner
Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S.,M.Hum
NIP. 19820927 200812 2 001
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph. D
NIP. 19600328 198601 1001
iii
Signature
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
NIM
: C0309051
The researcher stated whole-heartedly that this entitled An Analysis of
Translation Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform
Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision 2007 is originally
made by the researcher. The things related the people’s work are written in
quotation and included within bibliography.
If it is proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, 22 July 2016
The Researcher
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
iv
MOTTOS
“Hardwork betrays none, but dreams betray many”
(Hachiman Hikigaya – Oregairu)
“Humankind cannot gain something without giving something.
In return, to obtain something of equal must be lost”
(Alphonse Elric – Full Metal Alchemist)
“If you’ve got time to fantasize about a beautiful ending,
why not live beautifully until the end?
(Sakata Gintoki – Gintama)
v
DEDICATION
The researcher whole-heartdly dedicate this thesis to:
Beloved mother, father, and sister
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Give thanks to Allah SWT for the blessing and guidance in accomplishing
the thesis entitled “An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Translation
Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary
Credit no. 600 Revision 2007” as the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
Sarjana degree.
However, there are also many supports and helps coming from many people
around. Thus the researcher would like to express the gratitude to:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph. D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret Universtiy.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D as the Head of English Department,
Sebelas Maret University.
3. Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum as thesis consultant, for the concern
guidance, and advices that gave more spirit to finish the thesis soon.
4. Yusuf Kurniawan S.S., M.A as academic consultant, for your assistance in
my academic period.
5. All of the lecturers in English Department, for the lectures and knowledge.
6. All of my raters and respondents, Ms. Umi, Mr. Sumardiono, and Mr.
Irwan Tri Nugroho for your time, advice and opinion which contribute a
lot for the thesis.
7. My Beloved mom, dad and sister for the pray, support, and everything so i
can finish the thesis.
vii
8. Thank you for Sari Prabarini who always stays with me. For giving me
another reason to finish the thesis. This is all for you, thank you.
9. Thanks to Vicko Navare, Rahadian Seno, Azwar Satrio, Vevry Hari, Budi
Hardiyanto, and Dwi Abadi who always give me support, lesson, and
everything to me.
10. My second home, “Better than Broadway” family, that gives me many
lesson to learn about struggle, love, and life.
11. Kos Sinar Family; Immanuel, Haikal, Alfian, Afif, Djirjise, Nur, Ryan
who always supported me in finishing my thesis.
12. The family of English Department from 09-15, for your great friendship. I
will never forget you all.
Finally, I hope that this research will be beneficial for students, researchers
and for those who are interested in translation studies, especially the translation of
economic texts.
Surakarta, 22 July 2016
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE………………………………………………………………………..
i
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT……………………………….
ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS……………………….
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT……………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………….
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………….
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………...
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………….
ix
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………...
xii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background……………………………………………
1
B. Research Limitation ……………………………………….…….
4
C. Problem Statement ...….………………………………………....
4
D. Research Objectives……………………………………………...
5
E. Research Benefits………………………………………………...
5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation………………………………………...
7
B. Features of Economic Text.......………………………………….
8
C. Translation Technique ...………………………………………...
9
D. Translation Quality Assessment …………………………………
16
ix
E. Uniform Customs & Practice for Documentary Credit no.
600 Revision 2007.................................................................
18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design ………………………………………
20
B. Data and Source of Data…………………...…………………….
21
C. Sampling Technique ………………………………………….....
22
D. Method of Data Collection ……………………………………...
23
E. Technique of Data Analysis ………………………………..…...
27
F. Research Procedure ………………............…………………….
31
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS
A. The analysis of translation techniques used in translating
economic terms in UCPDC......................................................
32
1. Borrowing.................................................................
32
2. Amplification.............................................................
37
3. Established Equivalent................................................
38
4. Literal Translation......................................................
42
5. Calque......................................................................
44
B. The Translation Quality Assessment of economic terms in
UCPDC.......................................................................................
1. Accuracy...................................................................
1. 1.
Category A (Accurate).................................
1. 2.
Category B (Less-accurate)...........................
2. Acceptability..............................................................
x
45
45
45
48
49
2. 1.
Category A (Acceptable)................................
49
2. 2.
Category B (Less-acceptable)........................
52
2. 3.
Category C (Unacceptable)...........................
54
C. The impact of translation techniques on translation quality........
57
1. The impact of translation techniques on accuracy...........
57
2. The impact of translation techniques on acceptability.....
60
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION
A. Conclusion……………………………………………………….
63
B. Recommendation………………………………………………...
65
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................
APPENDICES
xi
66
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Scale for scoring Accuracy....................................................…....
24
Table 3.2 Scale for scoring Acceptability …………….................................
25
Table 3.3 Example of data which is sorted in domain analysis …………....
28
Table 3.4 Data sample of translation technique classification .....................
29
Table 3.5 Data sample of translation quality classification …..……………..
29
Table 3.6 Example of componential analysis ……………………....……….
30
Table 4.1 Data of Borrowing …………….............………………..............
Table 4.2 Data of Amplification...............................................................
Table 4.3 Data of Established Equivalent..................................................
33
37
38
Table 4.4 Data of Literal Translation...........................................................
Table 4.5 Data of Calque.........................................................................
Table 4.6 The accuracy of translation techniques..........................................
Table 4.7 The acceptability of translation technique...................................
xii
42
44
58
60
ABSTRACT
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi. C0309051. 2016. An Analysis of Translation
Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform Customs
& Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision 2007. Undergraduated
Thesis, Surakarta. English Department. Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas
Maret University.
The research focuses on the analysis of translation technique and quality of
economic terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600
Revision 2007.
The objectives of the research are to find out the translation techniques used
in translating economic terms and the quality of the translation in terms of
accuracy and acceptability.
The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The
data were collected using purposive sampling technique. The methods of data
collection were content analysis and interview. From the content analysis, there
are 60 data that were found. In interview, questionnaires were distributed to three
raters to gather the information of translation quality.
The result of the data analysis shows that there are 6 translation techniques
that are used to translate the economic terms. They are borrowing (29 data),
amplification (1 datum), established equivalent (27 data), literal translation (2
data), and calque (1 datum). Dealing with the accuracy of the translation, the
result shows that: 1) category A (accurate) covers 59 data (98,33%); and 2)
category B (less-accurate) covers 1 datum (1,67 %). In acceptability aspect, the
result shows that: 1) category A (acceptable) covers 28 data (46,67%); 2) category
B (less-acceptable) covers 10 data (16,67%); 3) category C (unacceptable) covers
22 data (36,67%). Therefore, it can be concluded that the translation of economic
terms are mostly accurate and less-acceptable.
In translating the economic terms, the translator should produce more
qualified translation in order to reduce the misunderstanding. The translator
should have a good understanding in economic knowledge from both source and
target language.
Keyword: Economic terms, translation technique, translation quality, accuracy,
acceptability
xiii
QUALITY OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN UNIFORM CUSTOMS &
PRACTICES FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO. 600 REVISION 2007
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Sarjana Degree at English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta
2016
i
THESIS APPROVAL
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION
QUALITY OF ECONOMIC TERMS IN UNIFORM CUSTOMS &
PRACTICES FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO. 600 REVISION 2007
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
Approved to be examined before the Board Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Consultant
Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum
NIP. 19830211 200604 2 001
Head of English Department
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic
Terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision
2007
By:
RADYAN WRESNIWIRA SANDI
C0309051
Approved and Accepted by the Board of Examiners, Faculty of Cultural
Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Position
Name
Chairperson
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
Secretary
Fenty Kusumastuti S.S., M.Hum.
NIP. 19810127 20130201
First Examiner
Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum
NIP. 19830211 200604 2 001
Second Examiner
Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S.,M.Hum
NIP. 19820927 200812 2 001
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph. D
NIP. 19600328 198601 1001
iii
Signature
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
NIM
: C0309051
The researcher stated whole-heartedly that this entitled An Analysis of
Translation Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform
Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision 2007 is originally
made by the researcher. The things related the people’s work are written in
quotation and included within bibliography.
If it is proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, 22 July 2016
The Researcher
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
iv
MOTTOS
“Hardwork betrays none, but dreams betray many”
(Hachiman Hikigaya – Oregairu)
“Humankind cannot gain something without giving something.
In return, to obtain something of equal must be lost”
(Alphonse Elric – Full Metal Alchemist)
“If you’ve got time to fantasize about a beautiful ending,
why not live beautifully until the end?
(Sakata Gintoki – Gintama)
v
DEDICATION
The researcher whole-heartdly dedicate this thesis to:
Beloved mother, father, and sister
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Give thanks to Allah SWT for the blessing and guidance in accomplishing
the thesis entitled “An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Translation
Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary
Credit no. 600 Revision 2007” as the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
Sarjana degree.
However, there are also many supports and helps coming from many people
around. Thus the researcher would like to express the gratitude to:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph. D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret Universtiy.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph. D as the Head of English Department,
Sebelas Maret University.
3. Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S, M. Hum as thesis consultant, for the concern
guidance, and advices that gave more spirit to finish the thesis soon.
4. Yusuf Kurniawan S.S., M.A as academic consultant, for your assistance in
my academic period.
5. All of the lecturers in English Department, for the lectures and knowledge.
6. All of my raters and respondents, Ms. Umi, Mr. Sumardiono, and Mr.
Irwan Tri Nugroho for your time, advice and opinion which contribute a
lot for the thesis.
7. My Beloved mom, dad and sister for the pray, support, and everything so i
can finish the thesis.
vii
8. Thank you for Sari Prabarini who always stays with me. For giving me
another reason to finish the thesis. This is all for you, thank you.
9. Thanks to Vicko Navare, Rahadian Seno, Azwar Satrio, Vevry Hari, Budi
Hardiyanto, and Dwi Abadi who always give me support, lesson, and
everything to me.
10. My second home, “Better than Broadway” family, that gives me many
lesson to learn about struggle, love, and life.
11. Kos Sinar Family; Immanuel, Haikal, Alfian, Afif, Djirjise, Nur, Ryan
who always supported me in finishing my thesis.
12. The family of English Department from 09-15, for your great friendship. I
will never forget you all.
Finally, I hope that this research will be beneficial for students, researchers
and for those who are interested in translation studies, especially the translation of
economic texts.
Surakarta, 22 July 2016
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE………………………………………………………………………..
i
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT……………………………….
ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS……………………….
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT……………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………….
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………….
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………...
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………….
ix
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………...
xii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background……………………………………………
1
B. Research Limitation ……………………………………….…….
4
C. Problem Statement ...….………………………………………....
4
D. Research Objectives……………………………………………...
5
E. Research Benefits………………………………………………...
5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation………………………………………...
7
B. Features of Economic Text.......………………………………….
8
C. Translation Technique ...………………………………………...
9
D. Translation Quality Assessment …………………………………
16
ix
E. Uniform Customs & Practice for Documentary Credit no.
600 Revision 2007.................................................................
18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design ………………………………………
20
B. Data and Source of Data…………………...…………………….
21
C. Sampling Technique ………………………………………….....
22
D. Method of Data Collection ……………………………………...
23
E. Technique of Data Analysis ………………………………..…...
27
F. Research Procedure ………………............…………………….
31
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS
A. The analysis of translation techniques used in translating
economic terms in UCPDC......................................................
32
1. Borrowing.................................................................
32
2. Amplification.............................................................
37
3. Established Equivalent................................................
38
4. Literal Translation......................................................
42
5. Calque......................................................................
44
B. The Translation Quality Assessment of economic terms in
UCPDC.......................................................................................
1. Accuracy...................................................................
1. 1.
Category A (Accurate).................................
1. 2.
Category B (Less-accurate)...........................
2. Acceptability..............................................................
x
45
45
45
48
49
2. 1.
Category A (Acceptable)................................
49
2. 2.
Category B (Less-acceptable)........................
52
2. 3.
Category C (Unacceptable)...........................
54
C. The impact of translation techniques on translation quality........
57
1. The impact of translation techniques on accuracy...........
57
2. The impact of translation techniques on acceptability.....
60
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION
A. Conclusion……………………………………………………….
63
B. Recommendation………………………………………………...
65
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................
APPENDICES
xi
66
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Scale for scoring Accuracy....................................................…....
24
Table 3.2 Scale for scoring Acceptability …………….................................
25
Table 3.3 Example of data which is sorted in domain analysis …………....
28
Table 3.4 Data sample of translation technique classification .....................
29
Table 3.5 Data sample of translation quality classification …..……………..
29
Table 3.6 Example of componential analysis ……………………....……….
30
Table 4.1 Data of Borrowing …………….............………………..............
Table 4.2 Data of Amplification...............................................................
Table 4.3 Data of Established Equivalent..................................................
33
37
38
Table 4.4 Data of Literal Translation...........................................................
Table 4.5 Data of Calque.........................................................................
Table 4.6 The accuracy of translation techniques..........................................
Table 4.7 The acceptability of translation technique...................................
xii
42
44
58
60
ABSTRACT
Radyan Wresniwira Sandi. C0309051. 2016. An Analysis of Translation
Techniques and Translation Quality of Economic Terms in Uniform Customs
& Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600 Revision 2007. Undergraduated
Thesis, Surakarta. English Department. Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas
Maret University.
The research focuses on the analysis of translation technique and quality of
economic terms in Uniform Customs & Practices for Documentary Credit no. 600
Revision 2007.
The objectives of the research are to find out the translation techniques used
in translating economic terms and the quality of the translation in terms of
accuracy and acceptability.
The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The
data were collected using purposive sampling technique. The methods of data
collection were content analysis and interview. From the content analysis, there
are 60 data that were found. In interview, questionnaires were distributed to three
raters to gather the information of translation quality.
The result of the data analysis shows that there are 6 translation techniques
that are used to translate the economic terms. They are borrowing (29 data),
amplification (1 datum), established equivalent (27 data), literal translation (2
data), and calque (1 datum). Dealing with the accuracy of the translation, the
result shows that: 1) category A (accurate) covers 59 data (98,33%); and 2)
category B (less-accurate) covers 1 datum (1,67 %). In acceptability aspect, the
result shows that: 1) category A (acceptable) covers 28 data (46,67%); 2) category
B (less-acceptable) covers 10 data (16,67%); 3) category C (unacceptable) covers
22 data (36,67%). Therefore, it can be concluded that the translation of economic
terms are mostly accurate and less-acceptable.
In translating the economic terms, the translator should produce more
qualified translation in order to reduce the misunderstanding. The translator
should have a good understanding in economic knowledge from both source and
target language.
Keyword: Economic terms, translation technique, translation quality, accuracy,
acceptability
xiii