CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED IN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT SMP Classroom Techniques Used In Speaking Activities In English Classroom: A Naturalistic Study At SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura In 2015/2016 Academic Year.
CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED IN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN
ENGLISH CLASSROOM: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM
A320120234
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Hai orang – orang yang beriman jadukanlah sabar dan salat mu
sebagai penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang
sabar.” (Al Baqarah:153)
“Allah meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman diantara kamu dan
orang-orang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan berapa derajad” ( Depag
RI:1989:421)
“Kekuatan tidak datang dari kemenangan. Seberapa besar kita untuk
melewati kesulitan dan tidak menyerah itulah kekuatan yang
sebenarnya.”
“Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of
enthusiasm” Winston Churchil.
v
DEDICATION
From the deepest heart, the researcher would like to dedicate this researcher
paper to:
Allah SWT,
My beloved and greatest parents (Bapak Duladi and Ibu Patriyah)
My nice brother and sister (Agus Priono and Neneng Isnandiyah)
My beloved future partner (Satria Nur Wijaya Kusuma)
My Lovely best friend (Indah, Puji, and Umi)
All my big families
All my teachers, and
All my friends.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin.All praise belong to Allah SWT to His blessing
and mercis given to the researchers, she can complete her research paper entitled
CLASSROOM
ENGLISH
TECHNIQUES
CLASSROOM:
USED
A
IN
SPEAKING
NATURALISTIC
ACTIVITIES
STUDY
AT
IN
SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR.
In conducting this research, the researcher got some help from many people.
On this the best occassion, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude
and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. , the first consultant who has patiently guided
the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultation, and gave the
researcher nice suggestion,
4. Siti Fatimah S. Pd., M. Hum, the second consultant who has been wiling to guide,
correct, and encourage her from the beginning of the writing untul the end of it,
5. Siti Ftaimah S. Pd., M. Hum., as the academic advisor who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University Of
Surakarta,
6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and mentor,
7. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Bapak Duadi Ama. Pd and Ibu
Patriyah), thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material),
motivation, and everything during her life, Thank you very much
vii
8. Her beloved brother and sister (Agus Priono, Neneng Isnandiyah S.E, and Ahmad
Faozi, S. Kom.), who have given love, care, prayers and support. Thanks for
everything,
9. Her beloved partner, (Satria Nur Wijaya Kusuma), who has given trully love, care
and support. Who has company wherever and whenever, who has patient listening
her problem, who has given spirit when she was down, who has given the power
when she was sad, who has kept with love, thank you very much
10. Her big family especially (Ibu Zuhrotun and Rohmatun) who have given care,
prayers, and support. Thank you,
11. Mrs. Wahyu Sofiyanti S. Pd., as the head master of SMP Muhammadiyah 1
Kartasura, who has given permission to do the research in the school,
12. Mrs. Mega Dwi Prastikasari S. Pd., as the English teacher at the seventh grade of
SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura,
13. Mrs. Fauziah Nurhayati S. Pd., as the English teacher at eighth grade of SMP
Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura,
14. Her partner’s family (Bapak Diono Suwito M. Pd and Ibu Ana Nuryaingsih,
Nursinta Kusumastuti, Nurdiana Febriyanti, Raditya Nur Putra Pratama), who
have given care, prayers and support. Thank You,
15. Her best friends (Indah, Puji, Umi) thank you for your love, spirit, motivation,
suggestion, joke and everything, Thank’s a lot
16. Her friends in English Department, especially class E and D. Thank a lot for
togetherness and jokes as long as She studied in theirs beloved university,
17. Her friends in boarding house “Taska 7” (Ririn, Yuni, Tantri, Ummu, Tika,
Ayunda, Aulia, Mia, Heni, Wiwin, Utami and Nisa) , who have given advice and
motivation,
18. Her students in the private study in Aqilla Education and Globe (Aya, Ayu,
Dheva, Rizka, Rizki, Azzahra, Annisa) , who have given motivation and spirit,
viii
19. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and critisms are welcome and accepted. She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, April 23, 2016
The researcher
Diyah Puspitaningrum
A320120234
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONIAL ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
C. Objective of the study ............................................................. 6
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 6
E. Benefit of Study ...................................................................... 7
F. Research Paper Organization .................................................. 8
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 9
A. Previous Study ........................................................................ 9
B. Underlying Theory.................................................................. 15
1. Approach, Method, Technique.......................................... 16
2. Teaching Speaking ........................................................... 26
x
3. Teacher’s Role and Student’s Role .................................. 40
4. Instructional Material ....................................................... 45
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 49
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 49
B. Sites of The Study ............................................................... 50
C. Subject and Object of Study ................................................ 51
D. Data and Data Source .......................................................... 51
E. Method of Collecting Data .................................................. 52
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 54
G. Data Validity ....................................................................... 55
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ......................... 58
A. Research Finding ................................................................. 58
1. The Kinds of Classroom Techniques ................................. 59
2. The Purpose of Using Classroom Techniques .................... 66
3. The Teacher’s Roles in Each Classroom Techniques ........ 67
4. The Student’s Roles in Each Classroom Techniques ......... 77
5. The Instructional Material in Classroom .......................... 83
Techniques
B. Discussion .......................................................................... 86
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION .............. 93
AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................... 93
B. Pedagogical Implication ...................................................... 95
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFFERENCE
APPENDIXES
xi
ABSTRACT
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM. A320120234. CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES
USED IN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM: A
NATURALISTIC STUDY AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and
Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. April, 2016
This study is carried out to describe classroom techniques used in speaking
activities in English classroom at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura. The aims of this
research are: (1) to describe the kinds of classroom techniques used in speaking
activities, (2) the purpose of using each classroom techniques, (3) the teacher’s roles,
(4) the student’s roles, (5) instructional materials used by the English teachers at
SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura.
The kind of this research is descriptive qualitative research especially
naturalistic study in analyzing the data. The methods of collecting data in this
research are observation, interview and document.
The finding of the study shows that there are some classroom techniques used
by English teachers at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura such as: role playing,
discussion and problem solving. Teacher has role as model, instructor, teaching
knowledge and facilitator, controller, evaluator and manager. The student has role as
participant, demonstrate their knowledge and understanding, student’s dialog and
interaction with teacher, as learner member group and learn by Interact with other, as
tutor the learners. And the instructional material is text book such as handbook and
LKS. The conclusion of this research is that English teacher at SMP Muhammadiyah
1 Kartasura used various classroom techniques which can improve the students’
ability. Various techniques can make the student interested in English teachinglearning process. It does not make the class monotonous. The students become more
active and creative. Based on the result, apparently, classroom techniques used by the
teacher have important role in the teaching-learning process.
Keywords
: Classroom techniques in speaking activities, teacher’s role, student’s
role, instructional material.
xii
ABSTRAK
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM. A320120234. TEKNIK YANG DIGUNAKAN
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBICARA: NATURALISTIK STUDI DI SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA PADA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016.
Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. April 2016
Studi ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan teknik yang digunakan dalam
kegiatanberbicara di kelas bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menggambarkan jenis-jenis teknik yang
digunakan padapembelajaranberbicara, (2) tujuan penggunaan masingmasingteknik,(3) peran guru, (4) peransiswa (5) bahan pengajaran yang digunakan
oleh guru bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura. Jenis penelitian ini
adalah deskriptif kualitatif terutama naturalistik studi dalam menganalisis data.
Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan
dokumen. Temuan dari studi menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa teknik kelas yang
digunakan oleh guru bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura seperti:
bermain peran, diskusi dan pemecahan masalah. Guru memiliki peran sebagai
model, instruktur, mengajar pengetahuan dan fasilitator,pengontrol, penilai dan
manajer. Siswa memiliki peran sebagai peserta didik anggota grup dan belajar
dengan berinteraksi dengan orang lain dan peserta didik memantau dan
mengevaluasi kemajuan mereka sendiri. Dan bahan instruksional buku teks seperti
buku pegangan dan LKS. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa guru bahasa
InggrisSMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasuramenggunakan berbagai teknik kelas yang
dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa. Berbagai teknik dapat membuat mahasiswa
yang tertarik dalam proses belajar-mengajar bahasa Inggris. Itu tidak membuat
kelas monoton. Siswa menjadi lebih aktif dan kreatif. Berdasarkan hasil, rupanya,
kelas teknik yang digunakan oleh guru memiliki peran penting dalam proses belajarmengajar.
Keywords: Teknik mengajar dalam pembelajaran berbicara, Peran Guru dan Siswa,
Materi Pendukung.
xiii
ENGLISH CLASSROOM: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM
A320120234
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Hai orang – orang yang beriman jadukanlah sabar dan salat mu
sebagai penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang
sabar.” (Al Baqarah:153)
“Allah meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman diantara kamu dan
orang-orang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan berapa derajad” ( Depag
RI:1989:421)
“Kekuatan tidak datang dari kemenangan. Seberapa besar kita untuk
melewati kesulitan dan tidak menyerah itulah kekuatan yang
sebenarnya.”
“Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of
enthusiasm” Winston Churchil.
v
DEDICATION
From the deepest heart, the researcher would like to dedicate this researcher
paper to:
Allah SWT,
My beloved and greatest parents (Bapak Duladi and Ibu Patriyah)
My nice brother and sister (Agus Priono and Neneng Isnandiyah)
My beloved future partner (Satria Nur Wijaya Kusuma)
My Lovely best friend (Indah, Puji, and Umi)
All my big families
All my teachers, and
All my friends.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin.All praise belong to Allah SWT to His blessing
and mercis given to the researchers, she can complete her research paper entitled
CLASSROOM
ENGLISH
TECHNIQUES
CLASSROOM:
USED
A
IN
SPEAKING
NATURALISTIC
ACTIVITIES
STUDY
AT
IN
SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR.
In conducting this research, the researcher got some help from many people.
On this the best occassion, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude
and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. , the first consultant who has patiently guided
the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultation, and gave the
researcher nice suggestion,
4. Siti Fatimah S. Pd., M. Hum, the second consultant who has been wiling to guide,
correct, and encourage her from the beginning of the writing untul the end of it,
5. Siti Ftaimah S. Pd., M. Hum., as the academic advisor who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University Of
Surakarta,
6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and mentor,
7. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Bapak Duadi Ama. Pd and Ibu
Patriyah), thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material),
motivation, and everything during her life, Thank you very much
vii
8. Her beloved brother and sister (Agus Priono, Neneng Isnandiyah S.E, and Ahmad
Faozi, S. Kom.), who have given love, care, prayers and support. Thanks for
everything,
9. Her beloved partner, (Satria Nur Wijaya Kusuma), who has given trully love, care
and support. Who has company wherever and whenever, who has patient listening
her problem, who has given spirit when she was down, who has given the power
when she was sad, who has kept with love, thank you very much
10. Her big family especially (Ibu Zuhrotun and Rohmatun) who have given care,
prayers, and support. Thank you,
11. Mrs. Wahyu Sofiyanti S. Pd., as the head master of SMP Muhammadiyah 1
Kartasura, who has given permission to do the research in the school,
12. Mrs. Mega Dwi Prastikasari S. Pd., as the English teacher at the seventh grade of
SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura,
13. Mrs. Fauziah Nurhayati S. Pd., as the English teacher at eighth grade of SMP
Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura,
14. Her partner’s family (Bapak Diono Suwito M. Pd and Ibu Ana Nuryaingsih,
Nursinta Kusumastuti, Nurdiana Febriyanti, Raditya Nur Putra Pratama), who
have given care, prayers and support. Thank You,
15. Her best friends (Indah, Puji, Umi) thank you for your love, spirit, motivation,
suggestion, joke and everything, Thank’s a lot
16. Her friends in English Department, especially class E and D. Thank a lot for
togetherness and jokes as long as She studied in theirs beloved university,
17. Her friends in boarding house “Taska 7” (Ririn, Yuni, Tantri, Ummu, Tika,
Ayunda, Aulia, Mia, Heni, Wiwin, Utami and Nisa) , who have given advice and
motivation,
18. Her students in the private study in Aqilla Education and Globe (Aya, Ayu,
Dheva, Rizka, Rizki, Azzahra, Annisa) , who have given motivation and spirit,
viii
19. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and critisms are welcome and accepted. She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, April 23, 2016
The researcher
Diyah Puspitaningrum
A320120234
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONIAL ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
C. Objective of the study ............................................................. 6
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 6
E. Benefit of Study ...................................................................... 7
F. Research Paper Organization .................................................. 8
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 9
A. Previous Study ........................................................................ 9
B. Underlying Theory.................................................................. 15
1. Approach, Method, Technique.......................................... 16
2. Teaching Speaking ........................................................... 26
x
3. Teacher’s Role and Student’s Role .................................. 40
4. Instructional Material ....................................................... 45
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 49
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 49
B. Sites of The Study ............................................................... 50
C. Subject and Object of Study ................................................ 51
D. Data and Data Source .......................................................... 51
E. Method of Collecting Data .................................................. 52
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 54
G. Data Validity ....................................................................... 55
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ......................... 58
A. Research Finding ................................................................. 58
1. The Kinds of Classroom Techniques ................................. 59
2. The Purpose of Using Classroom Techniques .................... 66
3. The Teacher’s Roles in Each Classroom Techniques ........ 67
4. The Student’s Roles in Each Classroom Techniques ......... 77
5. The Instructional Material in Classroom .......................... 83
Techniques
B. Discussion .......................................................................... 86
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION .............. 93
AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................... 93
B. Pedagogical Implication ...................................................... 95
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFFERENCE
APPENDIXES
xi
ABSTRACT
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM. A320120234. CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES
USED IN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM: A
NATURALISTIC STUDY AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA IN
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and
Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. April, 2016
This study is carried out to describe classroom techniques used in speaking
activities in English classroom at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura. The aims of this
research are: (1) to describe the kinds of classroom techniques used in speaking
activities, (2) the purpose of using each classroom techniques, (3) the teacher’s roles,
(4) the student’s roles, (5) instructional materials used by the English teachers at
SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura.
The kind of this research is descriptive qualitative research especially
naturalistic study in analyzing the data. The methods of collecting data in this
research are observation, interview and document.
The finding of the study shows that there are some classroom techniques used
by English teachers at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura such as: role playing,
discussion and problem solving. Teacher has role as model, instructor, teaching
knowledge and facilitator, controller, evaluator and manager. The student has role as
participant, demonstrate their knowledge and understanding, student’s dialog and
interaction with teacher, as learner member group and learn by Interact with other, as
tutor the learners. And the instructional material is text book such as handbook and
LKS. The conclusion of this research is that English teacher at SMP Muhammadiyah
1 Kartasura used various classroom techniques which can improve the students’
ability. Various techniques can make the student interested in English teachinglearning process. It does not make the class monotonous. The students become more
active and creative. Based on the result, apparently, classroom techniques used by the
teacher have important role in the teaching-learning process.
Keywords
: Classroom techniques in speaking activities, teacher’s role, student’s
role, instructional material.
xii
ABSTRAK
DIYAH PUSPITANINGRUM. A320120234. TEKNIK YANG DIGUNAKAN
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBICARA: NATURALISTIK STUDI DI SMP
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KARTASURA PADA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016.
Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. April 2016
Studi ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan teknik yang digunakan dalam
kegiatanberbicara di kelas bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menggambarkan jenis-jenis teknik yang
digunakan padapembelajaranberbicara, (2) tujuan penggunaan masingmasingteknik,(3) peran guru, (4) peransiswa (5) bahan pengajaran yang digunakan
oleh guru bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura. Jenis penelitian ini
adalah deskriptif kualitatif terutama naturalistik studi dalam menganalisis data.
Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan
dokumen. Temuan dari studi menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa teknik kelas yang
digunakan oleh guru bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura seperti:
bermain peran, diskusi dan pemecahan masalah. Guru memiliki peran sebagai
model, instruktur, mengajar pengetahuan dan fasilitator,pengontrol, penilai dan
manajer. Siswa memiliki peran sebagai peserta didik anggota grup dan belajar
dengan berinteraksi dengan orang lain dan peserta didik memantau dan
mengevaluasi kemajuan mereka sendiri. Dan bahan instruksional buku teks seperti
buku pegangan dan LKS. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa guru bahasa
InggrisSMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasuramenggunakan berbagai teknik kelas yang
dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa. Berbagai teknik dapat membuat mahasiswa
yang tertarik dalam proses belajar-mengajar bahasa Inggris. Itu tidak membuat
kelas monoton. Siswa menjadi lebih aktif dan kreatif. Berdasarkan hasil, rupanya,
kelas teknik yang digunakan oleh guru memiliki peran penting dalam proses belajarmengajar.
Keywords: Teknik mengajar dalam pembelajaran berbicara, Peran Guru dan Siswa,
Materi Pendukung.
xiii