t ips 0706403 table of contents
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman :
JUDUL DAN PERNYATAAN MAKSUD PENULISAN ..................................
i
PERSETUHUAN TIM PEMBIMBING ...............................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA TULIS ...................................................
iii
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................
iv
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................
v
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................
xv
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah .........................................................................
1
B. Fokus Penelitian ......................................................................................
7
C. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................
8
D. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional .........................................
8
E. Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................................
11
F. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................
11
G. Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................
12
H. Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................
12
I. Lokasi dan Sampel Penelitian ..................................................................
13
BAB II. KAJIAN PUSTAKA ...............................................................................
15
A. Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) ............................................
15
B. Pendidikan Geografi ...............................................................................
17
C. Konsep Dasar dan Pengajaran Geografi .................................................
18
1. Pengertian dan Ruang Lingkup Geografi ............................................
18
2. Karakteristik Geografi .........................................................................
22
i
3. Hakikat Pengajaran Geografi ..............................................................
26
4. Sumber Materi Pengajaran Geografi ...................................................
27
5. Karakter Pengajaran Geografi .............................................................
28
6. Nilai Pengajaran Geografi ...................................................................
30
D. Persepsi ...................................................................................................
31
1. Pengertian Persepsi..............................................................................
32
2. Proses Persepsi ....................................................................................
35
3. Persepsi dan Kognisi ...........................................................................
36
4. Cara Pengukuran Persepsi ...................................................................
39
E. Partisipasi ................................................................................................
40
1. Pengertian Partisipasi ..........................................................................
40
2. Bentuk Partisipasi ................................................................................
41
3. Jenis Partisipasi ...................................................................................
42
4. Prasyarat Partisipasi ............................................................................
43
5. Faktor Pendorong Partisipasi ..............................................................
44
F. Kompetensi Profesional Guru . ..............................................................
45
1. Kompetensi ..........................................................................................
45
2. Kompetensi guru .................................................................................
46
3. Profesional ...........................................................................................
47
4. Kompetensi Profesional Guru .............................................................
50
5. Standar Kompetensi Guru Geografi Pada Sekolah Menengah ...........
51
G. Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP)..........................................
53
1. Pengertian MGMP ...............................................................................
53
2. Dasar Kebijakan MGMP .....................................................................
54
3. Tujuan MGMP ....................................................................................
55
4. Ruang Lingkup MGMP .......................................................................
56
5. Prinsip Kerja MGMP...........................................................................
56
6. Peran MGMP .......................................................................................
57
7. Kolaborasi MGMP ..............................................................................
58
8. Kegiatan MGMP ................................................................................
58
9. Pembiayaan MGMP ...........................................................................
59
ii
H. Kajian/Telaah Penelitian Sebelumnya. ...................................................
60
I. Kerangka Pemikiran. ................................................................................
72
BAB.III. METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................
75
A. Lokasi dan Subyek Populasi/Sampel Penelitian ....................................
76
1. Lokasi ..................................................................................................
76
2. Populasi dan Sampel ...........................................................................
76
B. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional .........................................
77
1. Variabel Penelitian ..............................................................................
77
2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................................
80
C. Instrumen Penelitian dan Validitas dan Reliabilitas ...............................
83
1. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................
83
2. Validitas dan Reliabilitas.....................................................................
90
D. Teknik pengumpulan data .......................................................................
96
1. Pengumpulan data primer....................................................................
97
2. Pengumpulan data sekunder ................................................................
100
E. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ....................................................
100
1. Verifikasi dan Penskoran.....................................................................
101
2 Penghitungan Statistik Deskriptif.........................................................
101
3 Uji Korelasi ..........................................................................................
103
4.Uji t .......................................................................................................
104
5. Uji Determinan ....................................................................................
104
BAB.IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .....................................
106
A. Deskripsi Wilayah...................................................................................
106
B. Deskripsi Data Hasil Penelitian ..............................................................
108
1. Kompetensi profesional geografi guru ................................................
108
2. Persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP ............................
114
3. Partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP ...............................
119
C. Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................
123
1. Hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru ....................................
iii
123
2. Hubungan antara partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru ....................................
126
3. Hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
dan partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP dengan
kompetensi profesional geografi guru ................................................
128
D. Pembahasan ............................................................................................
131
BAB.V. KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ...............................................
137
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................
137
B. Rekomendasi ...........................................................................................
140
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian ...........................................................................
145
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................
147
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN....................................................................................
150
RIWAYAT HIDUP ...............................................................................................
202
iv
DAFTAR TABEL
No Tabel :
Judul :
Halaman :
1.1. Ranking Indonesia berdasarkan HDI dibandingkan beberapa negara tahun
1995, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005 ...............................................................
2
1.2. Kualitas Sistem Pendidikan Dikaitkan dengan Daya Saing Tenaga Kerja
pada 12 Negara Asia..............................................................................
2
1.3. Guru menurut Kelayakan Mengajar Tahun 2002/2003 .........................
3
1.4. Hasil Ujian Nasional 2008 .....................................................................
7
2.1. Perbedaan Penelitian Penulis dengan Penelitian Sebelumnya ...............
68
3.1. Variabel dan Indikator Penelitian...........................................................
79
3.2. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru .................
85
3.3. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Persepsi Guru Geografi terhadap Eksisistensi MGMP
...............................................................................................................
87
3.4. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
...............................................................................................................
89
3.5. Perhitungan WMS .................................................................................
103
4.1. Nama Kecamatan dan Kelurahan/Desa Kabupaten Bandung ................
108
4.2. Distribusi Frekuensi Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru ..............
109
4.3. Masa Kerja dan Latar Belakang Pendidikan Subyek Penelitian ...........
111
4.4. Beban Mengajar Subyek Penelitian ......................................................
112
4.5. Distribusi Frekuensi Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi MGMP
...............................................................................................................
115
4.6. Program Kegiatan MGMP Geografi SMA Kab Bandung 2008-2010 ..
118
4.7. Distribusi Frekuensi Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
...............................................................................................................
119
4.8. Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP Yang Pernah Terlaksana Tahun 2004-2009...........................................................................
v
121
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No Gambar :
Judul :
Halaman :
1.1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian .............................................................................
14
2.1. Bagan Hubungan dan Alur Kerja Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran ..
59
2.2. Bagan Kerangka Pemikiran Penelitian Peran Forum Musyawarah Guru Mata
Pelajaran Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Profesional Guru .........
74
3.1. Bagan Hubungan antar variabel X1 dan X2 dengan Y ..........................
97
4.1. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru 110
4.2. Kurva Distribusi Normal Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru .......
110
4.3. Kegiatan MGMP Yang Mendukung Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru
Pada tanggal 30 Januari 2008 di SMAN 1 Margahayu (Foto 1) dan 31
Mei 2008 di SMAN Ciparay (Foto 2) ...................................................
113
4.4. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi
MGMP .................................................................................................
115
4.5. Kurva Distribusi Normal Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi
MGMP ................................................................................................
116
4.6. Lesson Study, Salah Satu Program Kegiatan MGMP Yang Mendukung
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2009 di SMAN 1
Margahayu............................................................................................
116
4.7. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan
MGMP .................................................................................................
120
4.8. Kurva Distribusi Normal Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
..............................................................................................................
120
4.9. Model hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
(X1) dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ......................
125
4.10 Model hubungan antara partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP
(X2) dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ......................
vi
128
4.11 Model hubungan antara variabel persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi
MGMP (X1) dan partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP (X2)
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ..............................
vii
130
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No Lampiran :
Judul :
Halaman :
1. Alat Pengumpul Data (Instrumen penelitian) ...........................................
150
2. Populasi dan Sampel subyek penelitian ....................................................
170
3. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen .........................................................
173
4. Tabel harga r kritik Product Moment........................................................
178
5. Tabulasi data Fit Hasil Penelitian .............................................................
179
6. Analisis Statistik SPSS Data Hasil Penelitian...........................................
182
7. Surat keputusan dan perijinan ..................................................................
197
viii
Halaman :
JUDUL DAN PERNYATAAN MAKSUD PENULISAN ..................................
i
PERSETUHUAN TIM PEMBIMBING ...............................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA TULIS ...................................................
iii
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................
iv
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................
v
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................
xv
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah .........................................................................
1
B. Fokus Penelitian ......................................................................................
7
C. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................
8
D. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional .........................................
8
E. Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................................
11
F. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................
11
G. Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................
12
H. Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................
12
I. Lokasi dan Sampel Penelitian ..................................................................
13
BAB II. KAJIAN PUSTAKA ...............................................................................
15
A. Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) ............................................
15
B. Pendidikan Geografi ...............................................................................
17
C. Konsep Dasar dan Pengajaran Geografi .................................................
18
1. Pengertian dan Ruang Lingkup Geografi ............................................
18
2. Karakteristik Geografi .........................................................................
22
i
3. Hakikat Pengajaran Geografi ..............................................................
26
4. Sumber Materi Pengajaran Geografi ...................................................
27
5. Karakter Pengajaran Geografi .............................................................
28
6. Nilai Pengajaran Geografi ...................................................................
30
D. Persepsi ...................................................................................................
31
1. Pengertian Persepsi..............................................................................
32
2. Proses Persepsi ....................................................................................
35
3. Persepsi dan Kognisi ...........................................................................
36
4. Cara Pengukuran Persepsi ...................................................................
39
E. Partisipasi ................................................................................................
40
1. Pengertian Partisipasi ..........................................................................
40
2. Bentuk Partisipasi ................................................................................
41
3. Jenis Partisipasi ...................................................................................
42
4. Prasyarat Partisipasi ............................................................................
43
5. Faktor Pendorong Partisipasi ..............................................................
44
F. Kompetensi Profesional Guru . ..............................................................
45
1. Kompetensi ..........................................................................................
45
2. Kompetensi guru .................................................................................
46
3. Profesional ...........................................................................................
47
4. Kompetensi Profesional Guru .............................................................
50
5. Standar Kompetensi Guru Geografi Pada Sekolah Menengah ...........
51
G. Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP)..........................................
53
1. Pengertian MGMP ...............................................................................
53
2. Dasar Kebijakan MGMP .....................................................................
54
3. Tujuan MGMP ....................................................................................
55
4. Ruang Lingkup MGMP .......................................................................
56
5. Prinsip Kerja MGMP...........................................................................
56
6. Peran MGMP .......................................................................................
57
7. Kolaborasi MGMP ..............................................................................
58
8. Kegiatan MGMP ................................................................................
58
9. Pembiayaan MGMP ...........................................................................
59
ii
H. Kajian/Telaah Penelitian Sebelumnya. ...................................................
60
I. Kerangka Pemikiran. ................................................................................
72
BAB.III. METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................
75
A. Lokasi dan Subyek Populasi/Sampel Penelitian ....................................
76
1. Lokasi ..................................................................................................
76
2. Populasi dan Sampel ...........................................................................
76
B. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional .........................................
77
1. Variabel Penelitian ..............................................................................
77
2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................................
80
C. Instrumen Penelitian dan Validitas dan Reliabilitas ...............................
83
1. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................
83
2. Validitas dan Reliabilitas.....................................................................
90
D. Teknik pengumpulan data .......................................................................
96
1. Pengumpulan data primer....................................................................
97
2. Pengumpulan data sekunder ................................................................
100
E. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ....................................................
100
1. Verifikasi dan Penskoran.....................................................................
101
2 Penghitungan Statistik Deskriptif.........................................................
101
3 Uji Korelasi ..........................................................................................
103
4.Uji t .......................................................................................................
104
5. Uji Determinan ....................................................................................
104
BAB.IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .....................................
106
A. Deskripsi Wilayah...................................................................................
106
B. Deskripsi Data Hasil Penelitian ..............................................................
108
1. Kompetensi profesional geografi guru ................................................
108
2. Persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP ............................
114
3. Partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP ...............................
119
C. Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................
123
1. Hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru ....................................
iii
123
2. Hubungan antara partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru ....................................
126
3. Hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
dan partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP dengan
kompetensi profesional geografi guru ................................................
128
D. Pembahasan ............................................................................................
131
BAB.V. KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ...............................................
137
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................
137
B. Rekomendasi ...........................................................................................
140
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian ...........................................................................
145
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................
147
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN....................................................................................
150
RIWAYAT HIDUP ...............................................................................................
202
iv
DAFTAR TABEL
No Tabel :
Judul :
Halaman :
1.1. Ranking Indonesia berdasarkan HDI dibandingkan beberapa negara tahun
1995, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005 ...............................................................
2
1.2. Kualitas Sistem Pendidikan Dikaitkan dengan Daya Saing Tenaga Kerja
pada 12 Negara Asia..............................................................................
2
1.3. Guru menurut Kelayakan Mengajar Tahun 2002/2003 .........................
3
1.4. Hasil Ujian Nasional 2008 .....................................................................
7
2.1. Perbedaan Penelitian Penulis dengan Penelitian Sebelumnya ...............
68
3.1. Variabel dan Indikator Penelitian...........................................................
79
3.2. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru .................
85
3.3. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Persepsi Guru Geografi terhadap Eksisistensi MGMP
...............................................................................................................
87
3.4. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
...............................................................................................................
89
3.5. Perhitungan WMS .................................................................................
103
4.1. Nama Kecamatan dan Kelurahan/Desa Kabupaten Bandung ................
108
4.2. Distribusi Frekuensi Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru ..............
109
4.3. Masa Kerja dan Latar Belakang Pendidikan Subyek Penelitian ...........
111
4.4. Beban Mengajar Subyek Penelitian ......................................................
112
4.5. Distribusi Frekuensi Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi MGMP
...............................................................................................................
115
4.6. Program Kegiatan MGMP Geografi SMA Kab Bandung 2008-2010 ..
118
4.7. Distribusi Frekuensi Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
...............................................................................................................
119
4.8. Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP Yang Pernah Terlaksana Tahun 2004-2009...........................................................................
v
121
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No Gambar :
Judul :
Halaman :
1.1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian .............................................................................
14
2.1. Bagan Hubungan dan Alur Kerja Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran ..
59
2.2. Bagan Kerangka Pemikiran Penelitian Peran Forum Musyawarah Guru Mata
Pelajaran Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Profesional Guru .........
74
3.1. Bagan Hubungan antar variabel X1 dan X2 dengan Y ..........................
97
4.1. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru 110
4.2. Kurva Distribusi Normal Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru .......
110
4.3. Kegiatan MGMP Yang Mendukung Kompetensi Profesional Geografi Guru
Pada tanggal 30 Januari 2008 di SMAN 1 Margahayu (Foto 1) dan 31
Mei 2008 di SMAN Ciparay (Foto 2) ...................................................
113
4.4. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi
MGMP .................................................................................................
115
4.5. Kurva Distribusi Normal Persepsi Guru Geografi Terhadap Eksistensi
MGMP ................................................................................................
116
4.6. Lesson Study, Salah Satu Program Kegiatan MGMP Yang Mendukung
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Pada tanggal 29 Juni 2009 di SMAN 1
Margahayu............................................................................................
116
4.7. Histogram Distribusi Frekuensi Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan
MGMP .................................................................................................
120
4.8. Kurva Distribusi Normal Partisipasi Guru Geografi dalam Kegiatan MGMP
..............................................................................................................
120
4.9. Model hubungan antara persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi MGMP
(X1) dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ......................
125
4.10 Model hubungan antara partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP
(X2) dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ......................
vi
128
4.11 Model hubungan antara variabel persepsi guru geografi terhadap eksistensi
MGMP (X1) dan partisipasi guru geografi dalam kegiatan MGMP (X2)
dengan kompetensi profesional geografi guru (Y) ..............................
vii
130
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No Lampiran :
Judul :
Halaman :
1. Alat Pengumpul Data (Instrumen penelitian) ...........................................
150
2. Populasi dan Sampel subyek penelitian ....................................................
170
3. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen .........................................................
173
4. Tabel harga r kritik Product Moment........................................................
178
5. Tabulasi data Fit Hasil Penelitian .............................................................
179
6. Analisis Statistik SPSS Data Hasil Penelitian...........................................
182
7. Surat keputusan dan perijinan ..................................................................
197
viii