Jurusan Teknik Informatika Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Ganjil tahun 2007 2008 PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM IP PHONE BERBASISKAN ASTERISK DILINGKUNGAN KOMUNITAS BINA NUSANTARA Frans Agustinus 0800759633 Benny 0800761114 Yani Sinatra L 08007790
Jurusan Teknik Informatika Skripsi Sarjana Komputer
Semester Ganjil tahun 2007 / 2008
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM IP PHONE BERBASISKAN
ASTERISK DILINGKUNGAN KOMUNITAS BINA NUSANTARA
Frans Agustinus 0800759633
Benny 0800761114Yani Sinatra L 0800779042
AbstrakSistem komunikasi yang berkembang pesat telah memungkinkan aplikasi untuk komunikasi telepon dilakukan melalui jaringan data (VoIP). SIP sebagai protokol signaling VoIP yang berbasiskan teks dapat diimplementasikan dengan mudah dibandingkan dengan protokol signaling yang lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem VoIP PBX pada lingkungan Bina Nusantara serta diharapkan untuk menekan biaya komunikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analis dan metode perancangan. Hasil yang telah dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan suatu sistem VoIP dengan protokol SIP dan software Asterisk yang mempunyai fungsi-fungsi PBX untuk memberikan fasilitas tambahan pada Bina Nusantara dalam pengembangan Binus Access dan menekan biaya komunikasi. Simpulan yang diperoleh sistem VoIP dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai berjalan dengan baik. Kata Kunci : Asterisk, SIP, VoIP, IP PBX
PRAKATA Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan karunia dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi dengan judul “Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem IP Phone Berbasiskan Asterisk di Lingkungan Komunitas Bina Nusantara” tepat pada waktunya. Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan sebagai syarat dalam menyelesaikan jenjang Studi Strata-1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.
Selama penulisan skripsi, banyak bantuan dan dukungan moral yang penulis terima dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu penulis menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya kepada : 1.
Bapak Eddy Santosa Jaya, S.Kom.,MM., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi penulis yang telah membantu dalam memberikan pengarahan yang bermanfaatdalam menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi penulis.
2. Bapak Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara.
3. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., M.ComSc., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bina Nusantara.
4. Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara.
5. Bapak Gintoro, S.Kom.,MM., dan Rony Baskoro Lukito, S.Kom, yang telah memberikan prasidang skripsi pada penulis.
6. Para staff dan karyawan ATL yang telah banyak memberikan bantuan selama penulisan skripsi ini.
7. Para staff pengajar Fakultas Ilmu Komputer yang telah membekali penulis dengan ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat berguna untuk masa sekarang dan masa depan penulis.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi penulis masih ada kekurangan- kekurangan sehingga dibutuhkan saran dan kritik yang membangun untuk penyempurnaan skripsi ini Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembacanya.
Jakarta, 27 Februari 2008 Penulis
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul Luar ................................................................................................... i Halaman Judul Dalam ................................................................................................ ii Halaman Persetujuan Hardcover (fotokopi) .............................................................. iii Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji (fotokopi)........................................................ iv Abstrak ...................................................................................................................... vii Prakata ...................................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................... xvii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.............................................................................................. xxiv BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ...........................................................................
2.1.1.2.2 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)............. 11
2.1.1.2.1 LAN (Local Area Network).......................... 10
2.1.1.2 Pengertian Jaringan ....................................................... 10
8
2.1.1.1 Sejarah Jaringan ............................................................
8
2.1.1 Sejarah Jaringan dan Pengertian Jaringan...................................
8
2.1 Teori - Teori Umum..............................................................................
8
6 BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI...................................................................................
6
1
1.4.2 Metode Perancangan ...................................................................
5
1.4.1 Metode Analisis...........................................................................
1.4 Metodologi............................................................................................ 5
1.3.2 Manfaat........................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 Tujuan.......................................................................................... 4
4
1.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat .............................................................................
2
1.2 Ruang Lingkup .....................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang......................................................................................
2.1.1.2.3 WAN (Wide Area Network).......................... 11
2.1.2 Referensi Model Jaringan............................................................ 12
2.2.1 Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) ......................................... 31
2.2.2.5 Protokol Pendukung SIP ............................................... 39
2.2.2.4.2 Struktur Response Message .......................... 38
2.2.2.4.1 Struktur Request Message............................. 37
2.2.2.4 Cara Kerja SIP............................................................... 36
2.2.2.3.4 Redirect Server ............................................. 35
2.2.2.3.3 Registrar Server............................................ 35
2.2.2.3.2 Proxy Server ................................................. 34
2.2.2.3.1 User Agent .................................................... 34
2.2.2.3 Komponen SIP .............................................................. 33
2.2.2.2 Fungsi SIP ..................................................................... 33
2.2.2.1 Pengenalan SIP.............................................................. 32
2.2.2 Signaling Protocol ....................................................................... 32
2.2.1.1 Softphone....................................................................... 31
2.2 Teori – Teori Khusus ............................................................................ 31
2.1.2.1 Model TCP/IP Layer ..................................................... 12
2.1.8 Rekayasa Piranti Lunak............................................................... 28
2.1.7.3 PBX ............................................................................... 27
2.1.7.2 Packet Telephony .......................................................... 26
2.1.7.1 Operasi Telepon ............................................................ 26
2.1.7 Sistem Telepon............................................................................ 25
2.1.6 Perangkat Jaringan ...................................................................... 22
2.1.5.3 Fiber Optik.................................................................... 21
2.1.5.2 Kabel Coaxial................................................................ 20
2.1.5.1 Twisted Pair .................................................................. 19
2.1.5 Jenis Media Transmisi................................................................. 19
2.1.4 Topologi Jaringan........................................................................ 15
2.1.3 Bandwidth.................................................................................... 14
2.1.2.2 Model OSI Layer........................................................... 13
2.2.2.5.1 Session Description Protocol (SDP) ............ 39
2.2.2.5.2 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)........... 40
2.2.3 Linux ........................................................................................... 40 2.2.3.1 Crontab ............................................................................
41
2.2.4 Codec........................................................................................... 41
2.2.5 Asterisk........................................................................................ 43
2.2.6 Unicast......................................................................................... 44
2.2.7 Sistem Billing / CDR................................................................... 46
2.2.8 Pemrograman Web ...................................................................... 47
2.2.8.1 Web................................................................................ 47
2.2.8.2 Client dan Server Side Scripting ................................... 47
2.2.8.3 Web Server .................................................................... 48
2.2.8.4 Web Browser ................................................................. 49
2.2.8.5 Teori IMK ..................................................................... 50
2.2.9 Basis Data.................................................................................... 51
2.2.9.1 MySQL.......................................................................... 51
2.2.9.2 Microsoft SQL Server ................................................... 52
2.2.10 Unified Modelling Language ..................................................... 52
2.2.10.1 State Transition Diagram.............................................. 52
2.2.10.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)............................. 53 BAB 3 PERANCANGAN SISTEM .......................................................................
55
3.1 Sejarah Organisasi................................................................................ 55
3.1.1 Visi, Misi dan Kebijakan Mutu Universitas Bina Nusantara.... 56
3.1.1.1 Visi Universitas Bina Nusantara ................................. 56
3.1.1.2 Misi Universitas Bina Nusantara ................................ 56
3.1.1.3 Kebijakan Mutu Universitas Bina Nusantara.............. 57
3.2 Requirement Gathering........................................................................ 57
3.3 Analisa Wawancara dan Kuesioner ..................................................... 57
3.4 Perancangan Sistem ............................................................................. 61
3.5 Perancangan Pemilihan Perangkat Keras (Hardware)......................... 62
3.5.1 SIP Server ................................................................................. 63
3.5.2 SIP User Agent.......................................................................... 63
3.6 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak (Software) ........................................... 63
3.6.6.3.1 Perancangan Layar Admin .......................... 75
4.3.1 Instalasi Linux Slackware 11 ..................................................... 126
4.3 Instalasi ................................................................................................ 126
4.2 Implementasi pada Jaringan................................................................. 125
4.3.2 Piranti Lunak .............................................................................. 124
4.3.1 Piranti Keras............................................................................... 124
4.1 Persiapan Komponen ........................................................................... 124
BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASI ........................................................ 124
3.6.6.6 Perancangan Modul Web Interfaces ........................... 101
3.6.6.5.2 Perancangan STD User............................... 100
3.6.6.5.1 Perancangan STD Admin............................ 97
3.6.6.5 Perancangan STD........................................................ 96
3.6.6.4 Perancangan Database................................................ 91
3.6.6.3.2 Perancangan Layar User.............................. 85
3.6.6.3 Perancangan Layar...................................................... 75
3.6.1 Pemilihan Perangkat Lunak ...................................................... 64
3.6.6.2 Perancangan ERD ....................................................... 74
3.6.6.1.2 Struktur Menu Admin ................................. 74
3.6.6.1.1 Struktur Menu User .................................... 73
3.6.6.1 Perancangan Struktur Menu........................................ 73
3.6.6 Perancangan SIP Asterisk Web Portal...................................... 72
3.6.5 Diagram Alir Program Utama................................................... 70
3.6.4 Extension User .......................................................................... 69
3.6.3.4 Voicemail .................................................................... 69
3.6.3.3 Extension..................................................................... 67
3.6.3.2 Register SIP................................................................. 67
3.6.3.1 Channel SIP ................................................................ 66
3.6.3 Konfigurasi Dialplan ................................................................ 65
3.6.2 Konfigurasi Server .................................................................... 65
4.3.1.1 Compile Kernel 2.4......................................................... 129
4.3.2 Instalasi sebelum Asterisk.......................................................... 136
4.4.3.2 Konfigurasi extensions.conf ........................................... 152
4.6.3.3 Add Contact di X-Lite .................................................... 204
4.6.3.2 Konfigurasi X-Lite ......................................................... 201
4.6.3.1 Instalasi X-Lite ............................................................... 197
4.6.3 X-Lite.......................................................................................... 197
4.6.2 Web ............................................................................................. 168
4.6.1 Asterisk Console ......................................................................... 167
4.6 Prosedur Operasional Sistem ............................................................... 167
4.5.1 Testing Kestabilan Server ........................................................... 158
4.5 Testing.................................................................................................. 158
4.4.4 Konfigurasi Crontab ................................................................... 157
4.4.3.5 Konfigurasi manager.conf .............................................. 155
4.4.3.4 Konfigurasi modules.conf .............................................. 155
4.4.3.3 Konfigurasi cdr_mysql.conf ........................................... 154
4.4.3.1 Konfigurasi sip.conf ....................................................... 150
4.3.2.1 Install GNU make ......................................................... 137
4.4.3 Konfigurasi Sistem Asterisk ....................................................... 149
4.4.2.2 Konfigurasi Web Asterisk Stat V2 .................................. 149
4.4.2.1 Konfigurasi Front End dan Back End............................. 149
4.4.2 Konfigurasi Web......................................................................... 149
4.4.1 Konfigurasi IP di Linux .............................................................. 148
4.4 Konfigurasi........................................................................................... 148
4.3.3 Instalasi Asterisk ........................................................................ 145
4.3.2.7 Apache .......................................................................... 143
4.3.2.6 FreeTDS ........................................................................ 142
4.3.2.5 OpenSSH....................................................................... 141
4.3.2.4 LAME ........................................................................... 140
4.3.2.3 Sox ................................................................................ 139
4.3.2.2 MySQL.......................................................................... 137
4.7 Evaluasi................................................................................................ 206
4.7.1 Evaluasi Pemakaian Bandwidth.................................................. 206
4.7.1.1 Evaluasi Codec G.711 uLaw .......................................... 208
4.7.1.2 Evaluasi Codec G.711 aLaw .......................................... 209
4.7.1.3 Evaluasi Codec GSM ..................................................... 210
4.7.1.4 Evaluasi Codec iLBC ..................................................... 210
4.7.1.5 Kesimpulan..................................................................... 211
4.7.2 Evaluasi Delay dan Jitter berdasarkan Codec ............................ 212
4.7.2.1 Evaluasi di Jaringan Sekitar Kampus Universitas Bina Nusantara ....................................................................... 213
4.7.2.1.1 Codec G.711 aLaw .......................................... 213
4.7.2.1.2 Codec G.711 uLaw .......................................... 214
4.7.2.1.3 Codec GSM ..................................................... 216
4.7.2.1.4 Codec iLBC ..................................................... 217
4.7.2.1.5 Kesimpulan...................................................... 218
4.7.2.2 Evaluasi di Jaringan Wi-Fi Universitas Bina Nusantara 219
4.7.2.2.1 Codec G.711 aLaw .......................................... 219
4.7.2.2.2 Codec G.711 uLaw .......................................... 220
4.7.2.2.3 Codec GSM ..................................................... 221
4.7.2.2.4 Codec iLBC ..................................................... 223
4.7.2.2.5 Kesimpulan...................................................... 224
4.7.3 Evaluasi Aplikasi Berdasarkan Kuesioner.................................. 224
4.7.4 Evaluasi CDR ............................................................................. 228
4.7.5 Evaluasi Web User Interface ...................................................... 229
4.7.6 Evaluasi Penambahan User......................................................... 233
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................ 235
5.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................... 235
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 236 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 237 RIWAYAT HIDUP................................................................................................... 239 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN............................................................................................. L1 Lampiran A ............................................................................................................... L1
Lampiran B ............................................................................................................... L23 Lampiran C ............................................................................................................... L26 Lampiran D ............................................................................................................... L28 Lampiran E................................................................................................................ L30 Lampiran F ................................................................................................................ L34 FOTOKOPI SURAT SURVEI DAN BUKTI KUNJUNGAN SURVEI
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1.....................................................................................................................58 Tabel 3.2.....................................................................................................................
59 Tabel 3.3.....................................................................................................................
59 Tabel 3.4.....................................................................................................................
59 Tabel 3.5.....................................................................................................................
60 Tabel 3.6.....................................................................................................................
60 Tabel 3.7 msuser ........................................................................................................
93 Tabel 3.8 msmahasiswa .............................................................................................
93 Tabel 3.9 msfile..........................................................................................................
94 Tabel 3.10 msfaq........................................................................................................
94 Tabel 3.11 mslicense..................................................................................................
95 Tabel 3.12 msadmin ...................................................................................................
95 Tabel 3.13 sip .............................................................................................................
96 Tabel 3.14 cdr ............................................................................................................
96 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Evaluasi Codec ................................................................................. 212
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Kueosiner Segi Manfaat ................................................................... 224Tabel 4.3 Hasil Kueosiner Segi Pemakaian web dan aplikasi ................................... 225Tabel 4.4 Hasil Kueosiner Segi Performance............................................................ 226DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Gambaran Ruang Lingkup .....................................................................
3 Gambar 2.1 Jaringan komputer model TSS ...............................................................
9 Gambar 2.2 Jaringan komputer model distributed processing ..................................
9 Gambar 2.3 Topologi Cincin......................................................................................
15 Gambar 2.4 Topologi Bus .......................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.5 Topologi Bintang....................................................................................
17 Gambar 2.6 Topologi Mesh .......................................................................................
18 Gambar 2.7 Topologi Hybrid..................................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.8 SDLC Waterfall ..................................................................................... 29Gambar 2.9 Cara kerja SIP pada mode Proxy............................................................ 34Gambar 2.10 Cara kerja SIP pada mode Redirect...................................................... 35 Gambar 2.11 Unicast..................................................................................................45 Gambar 3.1 Sistem yang dirancang ...........................................................................
61 Gambar 3.2 Aliran Data Program Utama...................................................................
71 Gambar 3.3 Aliran Data Program Utama (lanjutan 1) ...............................................
72 Gambar 3.4 Aliran Data Program Utama (lanjutan 2) ...............................................
73 Gambar 3.5 Struktur menu user .................................................................................
74 Gambar 3.6 Struktur menu Admin.............................................................................
75 Gambar 3.7 Hubungan antar table dalam database ................................................... 75 Gambar 3.8 Layar Login Admin ................................................................................
76 Gambar 3.9 Layar Home Admin................................................................................
77 Gambar 3.10 Layar Manage FAQ .............................................................................
78
Gambar 3.11 Layar Manage File ............................................................................... 78 Gambar 3.12 Layar Menu User .................................................................................79 Gambar 3.13 Layar Insert Admin ..............................................................................
80 Gambar 3.14 Layar List Admin .................................................................................
80 Gambar 3.15 Layar Insert User .................................................................................
81 Gambar 3.16 Layar List User.....................................................................................
82 Gambar 3.17 Layar Edit License................................................................................ 82 Gambar 3.18 Layar CDR ...........................................................................................
83 Gambar 3.19 Layar CDR Report ............................................................................... 84 Gambar 3.20 Layar Call Compare.............................................................................
84 Gambar 3.21 Layar Monthly Traffic ..........................................................................
85 Gambar 3.22 Layar Daily Load ................................................................................. 86
Gambar 3.23 Layar Home Sebelum Login................................................................. 86 Gambar 3.24 Layar Home Setelah Login...................................................................87 Gambar 3.25 Layar Download Softphone..................................................................
88 Gambar 3.26 Layar FAQ............................................................................................
88 Gambar 3.27 Layar Online User................................................................................ 89 Gambar 3.28 Layar Change Password ......................................................................
90 Gambar 3.29 Layar Change Profile ...........................................................................
90 Gambar 3.30 Layar Change Account .........................................................................
91 Gambar 3.31 Layar CDR User...................................................................................
91 Gambar 3.32 Layar Lost Password............................................................................
92 Gambar 3.33 STD CDR Report .................................................................................
98 Gambar 3.34 STD Home............................................................................................
98
Gambar 3.35 STD Login ............................................................................................ 99 Gambar 3.36 STD Manage FAQ ...............................................................................99 Gambar 3.37 STD Manage File................................................................................. 100