Feasibility Study Integrating System of Bamboo-waste as Source of Biomass Power Plant at Bangli Regency Bali Province.
0
FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTEGRATING SYSTEM OF BAMBOO & BAMBOO-WASTE AS SOURCE
OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT AT BANGLI REGENCY – BALI PROVINCE
Prepared by
I GUSTI BAGUS WIJAYA KUSUMA
DESEMBER 2015
1
!"#$%&'% ( )*
!+,%(-
+-!
1
Executive Summary
3
2
Introduction (Background and Context)
5
3
Goal and Objective
8
4
Methodology Survey and Its Management
9
5
Assumption
10
6
Data Collection and Analysis
11
7
Facts and Findings
18
8
Summary
19
9
Recommendation
20
10
References
21
11
Appendix
22
**$!.%+'% (
/&0+(+'% (
CBO
Community Based Operation
FCMs
Feed1stock Conservation Measures
HH
Household
MSSHH
Micro1Small1Scale Handy1craft Households
PT.PLN
(SEE)
Perusahaan Listrik Negara (State Electricity
Enterprises)
SME
Small Medium Business Enterprises (bamboo handy1
crafts)
2
/!#)'%.! )11+$2
This report presents the result of survey and mapping of bamboo and
bamboo1waste in Bangli Regency – done inconjuction within PT Indo Asia
Energy Development and Master Degree Program of Mechanical Engineering
Udayana University– for the purpose of calculating and estimating the potential of
bamboo1waste as source of supply feedstock for 5 MW pilot projects Community
Based Biomass– is planned located at Desa Banglet, in Bangli Regency. There
were 178 households (HH) that having and planting bamboo at their land area, and
50 unit micro1and1small1scale household handy1crafts (MSSHH) that producing
bamboo1waste by1product surveyed. The respondents constitute of 4% of their
total population, and nearly 98% of respondents agrees and supports the idea of
the proposed pilot project.
The total land area having by the said households is nearly 205.8 Hectare
(≈ 2,058,000 m2), and out of this figure, there are around 105.7 Hectare (≈
1,057,000 m2) specifically used for bamboo plantation, with typical bamboo’s
density of 20 sticks/m2 and typical weight of 1.5 kg/m of bamboo1length. Based
on site observation, and by using conservative1assumption that is default1number
of specific bamboo1area is 30%, typical bamboo1waste produced by 1 stick of
bamboo is 40% and efficiency of collecting bamboo1waste of 30%, then the total
bamboo1waste that could be produced by the said household respondents is
estimated to be of 31.3 ton/day.
Moreover, there are 39 units (out of 50 units) of MSSHH have their own
land area, this accounted of 14.8 Hectare (≈ 148,000 m2) of land, could produce
4.4 ton/day, and additional of 0.6 ton/day from their by1product1waste. Therefore,
the sum up of all respondents could produce bamboo1waste at volume of 38.3
ton/day. The last figure is 2 times bigger than 15 ton/day of bamboo1waste
required to produce 1 MW of electricity through Fuel Cell process.
If we consider the whole aggregate of land area bamboo1plantation
currently exist in Bangli Regency that is nearly 3,000 Hectare (existing, inherited
by local farmers from their previous) and nearly 7,500 Hectare developed by GN1
RHL/Gerhan program since 2008, then the possibility bamboo1waste as feedstock
would reach a total of 3,785 ton/day; this figure is more than enough to feeding of
200 MW electricity power plant. Moreover, if we could also consider the forestry
bamboo1plantation belongs to Banjar Adat (sub1villages) and Desa Adat (villages)
along the edge of river and edge then the bamboo and bamboo1waste feedstock
would be very abundant, as summarized in Table 1.
3
+*0!
– Estimated potential feedstock bamboo1waste from within Bangli
Regency
'!1
1
2
3
4
Respondents1HH & MSSHH
Others bamboo community
GN1RHL/Gerhan program (2008)
Forestry bamboo near river &
gorge
TOTAL
+1*
$!+
3 !#'+$!4
120.5
3,169
7,500
"'%1+'!,
!!,"' #5 3' (6,+24
38.3
937
2,219
2,000
591
12,790
3,785 (rounded)
It was also noted from the survey that: (1) the distant from the location of
bamboo and bamboo1waste to the location of power plant were in the range of 5
km to 35 km, with average of 13 km, (2) Bamboo biomass is available abundantly
in the form of forest residues and waste from handy crafts within the area (radius
of 13 km) year round, (3) The utilization of bamboo biomass as source of energy
will likely encourage the farmers to conserve and maintain their bamboo forest
and help population in Bangli to get extra income, (4) The electricity produced
locally will likely help PLN to create demand from industrial and business
consumers in the area which in turn levelised the electricity demand throughout
the day, (5) The government of Bangli will benefit from this project which
promote Bangli as destination for research and development in clean and
renewable energy in Indonesia, therefore it can be summarized that the existent of
bamboo land area in Bangli Regency is feasible to be used for POWER PLANT to
produce electricity in a sustainable manner.
4
('$ ,)#'% ( 3 +#5-$ )(, +(,
('!/'"4
Bangli Regency locates at North1Eastern of Denpasar, the capital city of
Bali Province. Bangli Regency lays from 200m to 1,800 above sea level. It
occupies 520.8 km2 of land area, has 216,800 of populations, and income of
9,500,000 IDR/capita in 2011 [1]. Bangli Regency can be considered as one of the
smallest population and the lowest income per capita, among 9 regencies and 1
city in Bali. Bangli Regency consists of 4 sub1districts, namely: Bangli, Susut,
Kintamani and Tembuku. Bangli is the source of fresh water for neighboring
regencies that contributes to agricultures and tourism activities surround. In the
emerging of tourism industry in Bali over the latest 3 – 4 decades, however Bangli
has never felt of receiving direct impact from its strategic position.
Bamboo1handy1craft (and/or bamboo1based related small scale home
industries) is Bangli’s primary commodity, where its raw1materials is mostly got
from within Bangli. Over the last 2 decades, Bamboo1handy1craft in Bangli has
shown its significant rapid growth and development. The industry spread over
several villages in Bangli, that is Desa (≈ village) Kubu and Desa Kayubihi at sub1
district Bangli, and Desa Tenganan and Desa Tiga at sub1district Susut. There
were around 2,000 units of bamboo1based small scale home industries in Bangli in
2000, and they absorbed around 4,838 workers [2].
%-)$!
– Bangli Regency in the context of Bali Province
5
According to Bureau of Farming, Agriculture and Forestry Bangli
Regency, Bangli has a potential of 6,119 Hectare of bamboo plantation (planted
by local resident) and 4,731 unit micro and small household handy1craft industries
exist in Bangli [3]. At present, both bamboo and its waste are scattered and un1
treated. The head of Bangli’s regency has clear vision to utilize these un1treated
resources to use “fuel1cell” technology as a pilot project to produce electricity, and
charcoal1bamboo side1process, as well as to improve the income of the households
through trade1in process of the supply feedstock. The whole concept of the idea is
shown in Figure 2. The pilot will be divided into 7 activities before it will be
handed over to the local government and/or community – as Community Based
Biomass Fuel Cell (POWER PLANT), as its simple relation is shown in Figure 3.
%-)$!
– The One1line diagram activities of the whole concept
6
%-)$! 7 – Initial schematic the interaction of the pilot POWER PLANT
7
The availability and the continuity of bamboo and bamboo1waste as source
of supply feedstock for the Fuel Cell Technology are important, necessary and
vital. Therefore, in order to get more accurate figures, it is necessary to conduct a
detailed survey and make a mapping on their potential and availability in Bangli
Regency.
It is known that there are more than 1500 known species of bamboo in the
world (Ohrnberger 1999), of these, probably there are some species known very
well in Bali, for instance: bamboo1Tali, bamboo1Petung, bamboo1Santong,
bamboo1Tultul, etc. Taking the vast potential of bamboo resources and the huge
amount of bamboo available in the Bangli Regency along with the considerable
annual growth rate, this study will try to find out and verify the potential of
bamboo and bamboo1waste as a raw material for feedstock POWER PLANT, and
its value chain. The study will be focused on the community highland1bamboo
within Bangli Regency, due to its vast uses. Therefore, the purpose of the study is
to get a more detailed and accurate figures of bamboo and bamboo1waste
as source of feedstock (i.e.: kind of bamboos, the coverage, )
to mapping their potential and availability in correlating as sourced and
collecting/delivery system
to know to what extend is the bamboo become a source of income for
farming1households
to know to what extend is the likely acceptance, willingness, (the
possibility of) participation and buy1in of local farmers and small1
enterprises in supporting the above idea
to create an initial “baseline” for the whole idea (and pilot), as it can be
used to evaluate the difference of some key1performances between before
and after implementing the program
to mapping the coverage, and to estimate on to what extend the project can
be enlarged, replicated and extended
Due to the limitation of time and resources, this activity focuses on the two
major actors of the value chain and concentrates on local1farmers (in the villages)
and small1enterprises of 4 sub1districts (i.e.: Susut, Bangli, Kintamani, and
Tembuku) that currently exist in Bangli. Moreover, the output of the study
(Activity 1) is that
1. Mapping and counting the potential annual volume feedstock of
bamboo and bamboo1waste in Bangli
2. Giving a recommendation to related stake1holders about the
sustainability of feedstock, and its Feed1stock Conservation Measures
(FCMs)
8
The followings are the description of project (survey and mapping)
activity and its management:
1. The list of questions – both for households (HH) and micro1small1scale
households handy1crafts (MSSHH) are prepared by team leader
2. The activity to collect primary data are divided into some sub1activities
(i.e. visiting villages, meeting with local1farmers and small1scale1
handy1crafts enterprises, asking relevant information, taking data
collection, checking and observing bamboo1land, etc.), tabulating and
analyzing the collected information, and mapping the potential
3. All sub1districts in Bangli regency were surveyed; there were 415
villages and 15 MSSHH surveyed in every sub1district, and around 10
households were surveyed in a village
4. Searching relevant secondary data from internet
5. The survey and mapping activity was done (was carried out) by 8
(eight) key staff of PT Indo Asia Energy Development and 2 (two)
local facilitators from Bangli Regency.
6. The preparation of survey took 3 (three) working1days, and followed
by the survey itself that took 7 (seven) working1days, and another 10
(ten) working1days for recapitulating and analyzing data, as well as
making a final report
7. Once data is collected and tabulated, then it will be analyzed to find
out how is the potential bamboo1waste can be produced and/or
collected to support the idea of 1 MW pilot project Community Based
Biomass Fuel Cell, and what other conditions are required later on in
order to sustain the pilot
8. The expert team – lead by Team Leader – will be responsible for
delivering the output of the activity and reporting
9
Based on site1observation and site1checked, after having consultation with
respondents and taking into consideration the nature of respondents and their
bamboo land area, then in order to get the safe figures of volume potential
feedstock, therefore the conservative approaches is used with the following
assumption:
1. The default number of bamboo land area belong to respondents is
30%; it means that if a respondent has “Z” square meter of land
specifically used for bamboo plantation, then the figure used in
calculation will be “30%.Z”.
2. The bamboo density is 20 sticks per square meter of land area bamboo
3. One bamboo (plantation) has an average of 12 meter high (or meter
length), with average diameter of 10 cm, and having the average
weight of 1.5 kg per meter length; Out of this, only 8 meter can be
considered as good1stick and has economic1value (i.e. it can be sold, or
it can be used for making handy1craft), while the rest of 20%, is
considered bamboo1waste; see Figure 4
4. For the good1stick (i.e. 8 meter), it is used to make handy1craft or other
purposes, and it eventually produces 60% bamboo1waste of its weight
5. Estimated total of land area specifically used for bamboo1plantation in
Bangli is around 3,000 Hectare; Note: this figure is taken from Dinas
Pertanian Perkebunan dan Perhutanan Kabupaten Bangli recorded in
2008, that is 6,119 Hectare [1]. The last figure is then multiplied by
50% and is rounded to get conservative1approach
6. Estimated total number of micro1small1scale households handy1craft
(MSSHH) exist in Bangli reach 4,000 unit
10
%-)$! 8 – Typical structure of bamboo plantation and its usage
11
The survey, meeting with local farmers and handicrafts, asking
questionnaires, and taking data collection were carried out from 26th October to
3rd November 2012, with random approach. There are 178 respondents1
households and 50 unit respondents micro1small1scale household handicraft
surveyed. They spread over in 4 sub1districts, 15 villages, and 35 sub1villages in
Bangli, as shown in Table 2. The full list of respondents can be seen in Appendix
2 and Appendix 3. In addition, there are 220.6 Hectare of local farmer were
surveyed, with specific land area for bamboo1plantation accounted of 120.5
Hectare (≈ 12,050 Are = 1,205,000 m2).
If we compared these figures with secondary data that we get from
internet, especially data from Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan dan Perhutanan –
Bangli Regency, the coverage of the surveyed (or respondents) were in between
3.8% to 4.2%, as it sketch is shown in Figure 5. The Figure shows that the
surveyed area was only a small fraction of the whole aggregate that is 13,619 Ha
of bamboo1plantation. The surveyors could not assess for all land area bamboo
(and bamboo1waste) in Bangli in very short of period.
Most of the surveyed land area bamboos were inherited from their father
of grandfather, as they are part of local tradition to continue planting bamboo1
plantation, or it is “taboo” to discontinue bamboo1plantation in their own land. It
means they plant the bamboo. The respondents use the bamboo – the good one,
the good stick bamboo – for the following reasons, i.e.: 4% for own purpose, for
instance for making part of houses, 24% for making bamboo related handicraft (if
they have their own), 68% is sold to middle1man or others (to get additional
income), and only a small fraction is used for fire1work and other purposed, as its
Pie1chart is shown in Figure 6. It can be said that the good one of bamboo1stick
has its economic value.
The price of 1 no bamboo1stick – with average of 8 to 10 meter length – is
vary according to its type and/or its size diameter, which is in the range of 5,000
to 25,000 IDR/stick. Type bamboo1Petung with diameter of 20cm to 25cm can
have the highest price. However, although type of bamboo1Tali is small in
diameter with price of 5,000 to 8,000 IDR/stick, but this type is widely planted,
used, and sold. This is because bamboo1Tali is widely used for making handicraft,
especially “GEDEG” and “Sok1kasi”.
On the other hand, once a bamboo1stick is cut, then it will produce
bamboo1waste, as it has been described by Figure 4. From the survey, it is
revealed that 42% of bamboo1waste is neglected in their land or their backyard,
50% is used for fire1wood for cooking, 2% is re1sold to middle1man for making
“bamboo1based1char1coal”, and 6% used for other purposed. It can be said here
12
that the bamboo1waste is less utilized (or lacking of utilization). This is mainly
due to the fact that the local1farmer do not know and/or having very lack of
information for the potential of its utilization.
+*0!
– List of items surveyed for estimating feedstock bamboo1waste
'!1 )$.!2!,
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total respondents1HH
Total respondents1
MSSHH
Total banjar (sub1
village)
Total desa (village)
Total land1area
Total land bamboo1area
%-)$!
aggregate
0)1!
178
50
35
15
220.6
120.5
(%'
"'%1+'!,
--$!-+'!
HH
unit
sub1village
village
Hectare
Hectare
4,000 unit MSSHH
300 banjar
72 desa
19,612 Hectare
12,790 Hectare
– Sketch1mapping of surveyed land bamboo as compared with whole
13
%-)$! 9 – The usage of bamboo1plantation (good1stick) at respondents1HH
%-)$! : – The usage of bamboo1waste in respondents1HH
14
With regards to respondents1MSSHH, it is revealed that almost 59% of
respondents get their bamboo1stick from their own land area, 41% of their needs
are bought from middle1man or broker from local Bangli, and non of them bought
bamboo1stick from other regency nor other island. The 59% respondents1MSSHH
covered the land area bamboo of 14.7 Hectare (≈147,000 m2). Moreover, it is
noted that the broker not only selling bamboo1stick for local Bangli handycrafts,
but also they sold bamboo1stick to other regency, say to Denpasar,
Singaraja,Gianyar or Klungkung.
%-)$! : – The source of supply1bamboo for respondents1MSSHH
After collecting, compiling and tabulating all data, and from the
explanation of aforementioned paragraphs, it can be said that there is a potential
of bamboo1waste from both respondents1HH (which is local farmers) and
respondents1MSSHH (which is local handicraft bamboo1based industry) that can
be used and utilized as feeding1stock of 1 MW POWER PLANT pilot project.
How much is the potential stock? It will be described in the following paragraphs.
Total land area of bamboo1plantation for household local1farmer is 105.7
Hectare, and for Micro1Small1Scale household handicraft (MSSHH) is 14.8
Hectare. By using the consideration and assumptions that have been described in
previous chapters – which is very conservative approach 11 then the bamboo1waste
that could potentially be produced by both respondents are 31.3 ton/day and 4.4
15
ton/day, respectively, as they are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Moreover, an
additional of 0.6 ton/day of bamboo1waste can also be produced from process
production of MSSHH, as shown in Table 5. Therefore, there are a total of 79;7
' (6,+2 of bamboo1waste can be produced. Further, if we take into account of
7,500 Hectare of land bamboo area developed by GN1RHL/ (2008), other 3,000
Ha land area bamboo belongs to community and Desa Adat, and forestry bamboo
along rivers and gorges of 2,000 Hectare , then the total potential bamboo1waste
would be of 7
FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTEGRATING SYSTEM OF BAMBOO & BAMBOO-WASTE AS SOURCE
OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT AT BANGLI REGENCY – BALI PROVINCE
Prepared by
I GUSTI BAGUS WIJAYA KUSUMA
DESEMBER 2015
1
!"#$%&'% ( )*
!+,%(-
+-!
1
Executive Summary
3
2
Introduction (Background and Context)
5
3
Goal and Objective
8
4
Methodology Survey and Its Management
9
5
Assumption
10
6
Data Collection and Analysis
11
7
Facts and Findings
18
8
Summary
19
9
Recommendation
20
10
References
21
11
Appendix
22
**$!.%+'% (
/&0+(+'% (
CBO
Community Based Operation
FCMs
Feed1stock Conservation Measures
HH
Household
MSSHH
Micro1Small1Scale Handy1craft Households
PT.PLN
(SEE)
Perusahaan Listrik Negara (State Electricity
Enterprises)
SME
Small Medium Business Enterprises (bamboo handy1
crafts)
2
/!#)'%.! )11+$2
This report presents the result of survey and mapping of bamboo and
bamboo1waste in Bangli Regency – done inconjuction within PT Indo Asia
Energy Development and Master Degree Program of Mechanical Engineering
Udayana University– for the purpose of calculating and estimating the potential of
bamboo1waste as source of supply feedstock for 5 MW pilot projects Community
Based Biomass– is planned located at Desa Banglet, in Bangli Regency. There
were 178 households (HH) that having and planting bamboo at their land area, and
50 unit micro1and1small1scale household handy1crafts (MSSHH) that producing
bamboo1waste by1product surveyed. The respondents constitute of 4% of their
total population, and nearly 98% of respondents agrees and supports the idea of
the proposed pilot project.
The total land area having by the said households is nearly 205.8 Hectare
(≈ 2,058,000 m2), and out of this figure, there are around 105.7 Hectare (≈
1,057,000 m2) specifically used for bamboo plantation, with typical bamboo’s
density of 20 sticks/m2 and typical weight of 1.5 kg/m of bamboo1length. Based
on site observation, and by using conservative1assumption that is default1number
of specific bamboo1area is 30%, typical bamboo1waste produced by 1 stick of
bamboo is 40% and efficiency of collecting bamboo1waste of 30%, then the total
bamboo1waste that could be produced by the said household respondents is
estimated to be of 31.3 ton/day.
Moreover, there are 39 units (out of 50 units) of MSSHH have their own
land area, this accounted of 14.8 Hectare (≈ 148,000 m2) of land, could produce
4.4 ton/day, and additional of 0.6 ton/day from their by1product1waste. Therefore,
the sum up of all respondents could produce bamboo1waste at volume of 38.3
ton/day. The last figure is 2 times bigger than 15 ton/day of bamboo1waste
required to produce 1 MW of electricity through Fuel Cell process.
If we consider the whole aggregate of land area bamboo1plantation
currently exist in Bangli Regency that is nearly 3,000 Hectare (existing, inherited
by local farmers from their previous) and nearly 7,500 Hectare developed by GN1
RHL/Gerhan program since 2008, then the possibility bamboo1waste as feedstock
would reach a total of 3,785 ton/day; this figure is more than enough to feeding of
200 MW electricity power plant. Moreover, if we could also consider the forestry
bamboo1plantation belongs to Banjar Adat (sub1villages) and Desa Adat (villages)
along the edge of river and edge then the bamboo and bamboo1waste feedstock
would be very abundant, as summarized in Table 1.
3
+*0!
– Estimated potential feedstock bamboo1waste from within Bangli
Regency
'!1
1
2
3
4
Respondents1HH & MSSHH
Others bamboo community
GN1RHL/Gerhan program (2008)
Forestry bamboo near river &
gorge
TOTAL
+1*
$!+
3 !#'+$!4
120.5
3,169
7,500
"'%1+'!,
!!,"' #5 3' (6,+24
38.3
937
2,219
2,000
591
12,790
3,785 (rounded)
It was also noted from the survey that: (1) the distant from the location of
bamboo and bamboo1waste to the location of power plant were in the range of 5
km to 35 km, with average of 13 km, (2) Bamboo biomass is available abundantly
in the form of forest residues and waste from handy crafts within the area (radius
of 13 km) year round, (3) The utilization of bamboo biomass as source of energy
will likely encourage the farmers to conserve and maintain their bamboo forest
and help population in Bangli to get extra income, (4) The electricity produced
locally will likely help PLN to create demand from industrial and business
consumers in the area which in turn levelised the electricity demand throughout
the day, (5) The government of Bangli will benefit from this project which
promote Bangli as destination for research and development in clean and
renewable energy in Indonesia, therefore it can be summarized that the existent of
bamboo land area in Bangli Regency is feasible to be used for POWER PLANT to
produce electricity in a sustainable manner.
4
('$ ,)#'% ( 3 +#5-$ )(, +(,
('!/'"4
Bangli Regency locates at North1Eastern of Denpasar, the capital city of
Bali Province. Bangli Regency lays from 200m to 1,800 above sea level. It
occupies 520.8 km2 of land area, has 216,800 of populations, and income of
9,500,000 IDR/capita in 2011 [1]. Bangli Regency can be considered as one of the
smallest population and the lowest income per capita, among 9 regencies and 1
city in Bali. Bangli Regency consists of 4 sub1districts, namely: Bangli, Susut,
Kintamani and Tembuku. Bangli is the source of fresh water for neighboring
regencies that contributes to agricultures and tourism activities surround. In the
emerging of tourism industry in Bali over the latest 3 – 4 decades, however Bangli
has never felt of receiving direct impact from its strategic position.
Bamboo1handy1craft (and/or bamboo1based related small scale home
industries) is Bangli’s primary commodity, where its raw1materials is mostly got
from within Bangli. Over the last 2 decades, Bamboo1handy1craft in Bangli has
shown its significant rapid growth and development. The industry spread over
several villages in Bangli, that is Desa (≈ village) Kubu and Desa Kayubihi at sub1
district Bangli, and Desa Tenganan and Desa Tiga at sub1district Susut. There
were around 2,000 units of bamboo1based small scale home industries in Bangli in
2000, and they absorbed around 4,838 workers [2].
%-)$!
– Bangli Regency in the context of Bali Province
5
According to Bureau of Farming, Agriculture and Forestry Bangli
Regency, Bangli has a potential of 6,119 Hectare of bamboo plantation (planted
by local resident) and 4,731 unit micro and small household handy1craft industries
exist in Bangli [3]. At present, both bamboo and its waste are scattered and un1
treated. The head of Bangli’s regency has clear vision to utilize these un1treated
resources to use “fuel1cell” technology as a pilot project to produce electricity, and
charcoal1bamboo side1process, as well as to improve the income of the households
through trade1in process of the supply feedstock. The whole concept of the idea is
shown in Figure 2. The pilot will be divided into 7 activities before it will be
handed over to the local government and/or community – as Community Based
Biomass Fuel Cell (POWER PLANT), as its simple relation is shown in Figure 3.
%-)$!
– The One1line diagram activities of the whole concept
6
%-)$! 7 – Initial schematic the interaction of the pilot POWER PLANT
7
The availability and the continuity of bamboo and bamboo1waste as source
of supply feedstock for the Fuel Cell Technology are important, necessary and
vital. Therefore, in order to get more accurate figures, it is necessary to conduct a
detailed survey and make a mapping on their potential and availability in Bangli
Regency.
It is known that there are more than 1500 known species of bamboo in the
world (Ohrnberger 1999), of these, probably there are some species known very
well in Bali, for instance: bamboo1Tali, bamboo1Petung, bamboo1Santong,
bamboo1Tultul, etc. Taking the vast potential of bamboo resources and the huge
amount of bamboo available in the Bangli Regency along with the considerable
annual growth rate, this study will try to find out and verify the potential of
bamboo and bamboo1waste as a raw material for feedstock POWER PLANT, and
its value chain. The study will be focused on the community highland1bamboo
within Bangli Regency, due to its vast uses. Therefore, the purpose of the study is
to get a more detailed and accurate figures of bamboo and bamboo1waste
as source of feedstock (i.e.: kind of bamboos, the coverage, )
to mapping their potential and availability in correlating as sourced and
collecting/delivery system
to know to what extend is the bamboo become a source of income for
farming1households
to know to what extend is the likely acceptance, willingness, (the
possibility of) participation and buy1in of local farmers and small1
enterprises in supporting the above idea
to create an initial “baseline” for the whole idea (and pilot), as it can be
used to evaluate the difference of some key1performances between before
and after implementing the program
to mapping the coverage, and to estimate on to what extend the project can
be enlarged, replicated and extended
Due to the limitation of time and resources, this activity focuses on the two
major actors of the value chain and concentrates on local1farmers (in the villages)
and small1enterprises of 4 sub1districts (i.e.: Susut, Bangli, Kintamani, and
Tembuku) that currently exist in Bangli. Moreover, the output of the study
(Activity 1) is that
1. Mapping and counting the potential annual volume feedstock of
bamboo and bamboo1waste in Bangli
2. Giving a recommendation to related stake1holders about the
sustainability of feedstock, and its Feed1stock Conservation Measures
(FCMs)
8
The followings are the description of project (survey and mapping)
activity and its management:
1. The list of questions – both for households (HH) and micro1small1scale
households handy1crafts (MSSHH) are prepared by team leader
2. The activity to collect primary data are divided into some sub1activities
(i.e. visiting villages, meeting with local1farmers and small1scale1
handy1crafts enterprises, asking relevant information, taking data
collection, checking and observing bamboo1land, etc.), tabulating and
analyzing the collected information, and mapping the potential
3. All sub1districts in Bangli regency were surveyed; there were 415
villages and 15 MSSHH surveyed in every sub1district, and around 10
households were surveyed in a village
4. Searching relevant secondary data from internet
5. The survey and mapping activity was done (was carried out) by 8
(eight) key staff of PT Indo Asia Energy Development and 2 (two)
local facilitators from Bangli Regency.
6. The preparation of survey took 3 (three) working1days, and followed
by the survey itself that took 7 (seven) working1days, and another 10
(ten) working1days for recapitulating and analyzing data, as well as
making a final report
7. Once data is collected and tabulated, then it will be analyzed to find
out how is the potential bamboo1waste can be produced and/or
collected to support the idea of 1 MW pilot project Community Based
Biomass Fuel Cell, and what other conditions are required later on in
order to sustain the pilot
8. The expert team – lead by Team Leader – will be responsible for
delivering the output of the activity and reporting
9
Based on site1observation and site1checked, after having consultation with
respondents and taking into consideration the nature of respondents and their
bamboo land area, then in order to get the safe figures of volume potential
feedstock, therefore the conservative approaches is used with the following
assumption:
1. The default number of bamboo land area belong to respondents is
30%; it means that if a respondent has “Z” square meter of land
specifically used for bamboo plantation, then the figure used in
calculation will be “30%.Z”.
2. The bamboo density is 20 sticks per square meter of land area bamboo
3. One bamboo (plantation) has an average of 12 meter high (or meter
length), with average diameter of 10 cm, and having the average
weight of 1.5 kg per meter length; Out of this, only 8 meter can be
considered as good1stick and has economic1value (i.e. it can be sold, or
it can be used for making handy1craft), while the rest of 20%, is
considered bamboo1waste; see Figure 4
4. For the good1stick (i.e. 8 meter), it is used to make handy1craft or other
purposes, and it eventually produces 60% bamboo1waste of its weight
5. Estimated total of land area specifically used for bamboo1plantation in
Bangli is around 3,000 Hectare; Note: this figure is taken from Dinas
Pertanian Perkebunan dan Perhutanan Kabupaten Bangli recorded in
2008, that is 6,119 Hectare [1]. The last figure is then multiplied by
50% and is rounded to get conservative1approach
6. Estimated total number of micro1small1scale households handy1craft
(MSSHH) exist in Bangli reach 4,000 unit
10
%-)$! 8 – Typical structure of bamboo plantation and its usage
11
The survey, meeting with local farmers and handicrafts, asking
questionnaires, and taking data collection were carried out from 26th October to
3rd November 2012, with random approach. There are 178 respondents1
households and 50 unit respondents micro1small1scale household handicraft
surveyed. They spread over in 4 sub1districts, 15 villages, and 35 sub1villages in
Bangli, as shown in Table 2. The full list of respondents can be seen in Appendix
2 and Appendix 3. In addition, there are 220.6 Hectare of local farmer were
surveyed, with specific land area for bamboo1plantation accounted of 120.5
Hectare (≈ 12,050 Are = 1,205,000 m2).
If we compared these figures with secondary data that we get from
internet, especially data from Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan dan Perhutanan –
Bangli Regency, the coverage of the surveyed (or respondents) were in between
3.8% to 4.2%, as it sketch is shown in Figure 5. The Figure shows that the
surveyed area was only a small fraction of the whole aggregate that is 13,619 Ha
of bamboo1plantation. The surveyors could not assess for all land area bamboo
(and bamboo1waste) in Bangli in very short of period.
Most of the surveyed land area bamboos were inherited from their father
of grandfather, as they are part of local tradition to continue planting bamboo1
plantation, or it is “taboo” to discontinue bamboo1plantation in their own land. It
means they plant the bamboo. The respondents use the bamboo – the good one,
the good stick bamboo – for the following reasons, i.e.: 4% for own purpose, for
instance for making part of houses, 24% for making bamboo related handicraft (if
they have their own), 68% is sold to middle1man or others (to get additional
income), and only a small fraction is used for fire1work and other purposed, as its
Pie1chart is shown in Figure 6. It can be said that the good one of bamboo1stick
has its economic value.
The price of 1 no bamboo1stick – with average of 8 to 10 meter length – is
vary according to its type and/or its size diameter, which is in the range of 5,000
to 25,000 IDR/stick. Type bamboo1Petung with diameter of 20cm to 25cm can
have the highest price. However, although type of bamboo1Tali is small in
diameter with price of 5,000 to 8,000 IDR/stick, but this type is widely planted,
used, and sold. This is because bamboo1Tali is widely used for making handicraft,
especially “GEDEG” and “Sok1kasi”.
On the other hand, once a bamboo1stick is cut, then it will produce
bamboo1waste, as it has been described by Figure 4. From the survey, it is
revealed that 42% of bamboo1waste is neglected in their land or their backyard,
50% is used for fire1wood for cooking, 2% is re1sold to middle1man for making
“bamboo1based1char1coal”, and 6% used for other purposed. It can be said here
12
that the bamboo1waste is less utilized (or lacking of utilization). This is mainly
due to the fact that the local1farmer do not know and/or having very lack of
information for the potential of its utilization.
+*0!
– List of items surveyed for estimating feedstock bamboo1waste
'!1 )$.!2!,
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total respondents1HH
Total respondents1
MSSHH
Total banjar (sub1
village)
Total desa (village)
Total land1area
Total land bamboo1area
%-)$!
aggregate
0)1!
178
50
35
15
220.6
120.5
(%'
"'%1+'!,
--$!-+'!
HH
unit
sub1village
village
Hectare
Hectare
4,000 unit MSSHH
300 banjar
72 desa
19,612 Hectare
12,790 Hectare
– Sketch1mapping of surveyed land bamboo as compared with whole
13
%-)$! 9 – The usage of bamboo1plantation (good1stick) at respondents1HH
%-)$! : – The usage of bamboo1waste in respondents1HH
14
With regards to respondents1MSSHH, it is revealed that almost 59% of
respondents get their bamboo1stick from their own land area, 41% of their needs
are bought from middle1man or broker from local Bangli, and non of them bought
bamboo1stick from other regency nor other island. The 59% respondents1MSSHH
covered the land area bamboo of 14.7 Hectare (≈147,000 m2). Moreover, it is
noted that the broker not only selling bamboo1stick for local Bangli handycrafts,
but also they sold bamboo1stick to other regency, say to Denpasar,
Singaraja,Gianyar or Klungkung.
%-)$! : – The source of supply1bamboo for respondents1MSSHH
After collecting, compiling and tabulating all data, and from the
explanation of aforementioned paragraphs, it can be said that there is a potential
of bamboo1waste from both respondents1HH (which is local farmers) and
respondents1MSSHH (which is local handicraft bamboo1based industry) that can
be used and utilized as feeding1stock of 1 MW POWER PLANT pilot project.
How much is the potential stock? It will be described in the following paragraphs.
Total land area of bamboo1plantation for household local1farmer is 105.7
Hectare, and for Micro1Small1Scale household handicraft (MSSHH) is 14.8
Hectare. By using the consideration and assumptions that have been described in
previous chapters – which is very conservative approach 11 then the bamboo1waste
that could potentially be produced by both respondents are 31.3 ton/day and 4.4
15
ton/day, respectively, as they are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Moreover, an
additional of 0.6 ton/day of bamboo1waste can also be produced from process
production of MSSHH, as shown in Table 5. Therefore, there are a total of 79;7
' (6,+2 of bamboo1waste can be produced. Further, if we take into account of
7,500 Hectare of land bamboo area developed by GN1RHL/ (2008), other 3,000
Ha land area bamboo belongs to community and Desa Adat, and forestry bamboo
along rivers and gorges of 2,000 Hectare , then the total potential bamboo1waste
would be of 7