Tari Merak, Gemulai Imajinasi Seniman Tari.
[(OMPAS
o
3
4
~
o
o
Selasa
Mar
5
6
7
22
21
OApr
o
Rabu
OMei
•
Kamis
8
9
24
23
OJun
o
o
Sabtu
MingguQPONMLKJIHGFED
14
15
12
13
11
10
30
28
29
27
~6
25
OJul
•
Ags'
0 Sep
aUhUtWift@iWi;m;;amm""1il
;;~ ~
, .' "
Jumat
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
OOkt
ONov
w :z ;m ;;z ~
Khazanah Sunda
. '.
I
Tari Merak. Gemulai Imaiinasi Seniman Ta i
a ri m e ra k m e ru p a k a n s a la h s a tu
ik o n k e s e n ia n J a w a B a ra t. P e n g e m b a n g a n ta ri in i m e lib a tk a n
d a y a k re a s i s e n im a n d a ri m a s a k e m a s a .
D e n g a n k o s tu m p e n a ri y a n g b e rw a rn a w a rn i, ta ri m e ra k m e n y a jik a n im a ji k e e lo k a n a la m ra y a S u n d a .
T a ri y a n g m e ru p a k a n k a ry a k re a s i b a ru in i s a n g a t p o p u le r d a la m m a s y a ra k a t
S u n d a . D i w ila y a h P ria n g a n , ta ri m e ra k
b ia s a d ita m p ilk a n p a d a p e s ta p e rn ik a h a n . G e ra k a n y a n g g e m u la i m e m b u a t ta ria n in i k e ra p d ita m p ilk a n p a d a a c a ra
re s m i p e m e rin ta h a n a ta u p e n y a m b u ta n
ta m u a g u n g .
T a ri m e ra k tid a k d a p a t d ip ls a h k a n d a ri T je tje S o m a n tri (1 8 9 1 -1 9 6 3 ). B a n g s a w a n p e n c in ta s e n i ta ri in i p e rn a h b e rg u ru p a d a s e ju m la h m a e s tro ta ri. P a ra m a e s tro y a n g p e rn a h m e n ja d i g u ru n y a , a n ta ra la in , p e n c ip ta ta ri k e u rs e u s d a ri K e ra to n S u m e d a n g , A o m D o y o t; p a n g e ra n
p e n a ri to p e n g d a ri K e ra to n K a n o m a n ,
E la n g O to D e n d a k u s u m a h ; d a n to k o h
p e n c a a lira n tim b a n g a n , R K a rta a m a ja .
S e ja k ta h u n 1 9 1 0 -a n T je tje te la h
m e n c ip ta k a n p u lu h a n k o rn p o s ls i ta ri,
K e b a n y a k a n m e ru p a k a n ta ri le n y e p a n
(h a lu s ) y a n g d ib a w a k a n p e re m p u a n , s e p e rti
A n ja s m a ra
(1 9 4 6 ), S u lin ta n g
(1 9 4 8 ), R in e k a S a ri (1 9 5 1 ), K u k u p u
(1 9 5 2 ), d a n R e n g g a rin i (1 9 5 8 ).
T
T je tje m e n g g u b a h k o m p o s is i ta ri m e ra k ta h u n 1 9 5 5 . M e s k i b is a d ib a w a k a n
s e c a ra tu n g g a l, ta ria n in i le b ih s e rin g d ita m p ilk a n b e rk e lo m p o k d e n g a n s e lu ru h
p e n a rin y a p e re m p u a n . T a ria n in i u n tu k
p e rta m a k a li d ip e rtu n ju k k a n d a la m K o n fe re n s i A s ia A frik a .
U n tu k m e m p e rk u a t im a ji b u ru n g m e ra k , p e n a ri m e n g e n a k a n a trib u t m e n v e ru p a i s a y a p p a d a le n g a n . T b O e m a y M a rta k u s u m a h
m e ra n c a n g k o s tu m
in i.
B a n g s a w a n B a n te n y a n g g e m a r m e n a ri
d a n m e lu k is in i a d a la h p e lo p o r s e n i p e n ta s p e rtu n ju k a n b a g i ta ri S u n d a p u tri, la
m e n c ip ta k a n b u s a n a ta ri y a n g k h a s d e n g a n w a rn a -w a rn a c e ra h , s e p e rti m e ra h ,
k u n in g , d a n h ija u .
P e rk e m b a n g a n z a m a n m e m b u a t ta ri
m e ra k s e m p a t d itin g g a lk a n p e m in a t.
N a m u n , ta n g a n d in g in Ira w a ti D u rb a n
k e m b a li m e m o p u le rk a n ta ria n in i d a la m
s e n i p e rtu n ju k a n . la m e n g g u b a h ta ri
m e ra k d e n g a n ta ta g e ra k a n d a n k o s tu m
y a n g b a ru . K re a s i b e rn a m a ta ri m e ra k
p u s b ita ri in ila h y a n g b a n y a k d ip e rtu n ju k k a n s a a t in i,
Ira w a ti a d a la h s a la h s e o ra n g m u rid
T je tje S o m a n trL S a rja n a s e n i ru p a In s titu t T e k n o lo q l B a n d u n g in i b a n y a k m e n im b a ilm u ta ri p a d a s e ju m la h m a e s tro ,
a n ta ra la in d a la n g to p e n g , S u ja n a
(1 9 7 1 ); s e n im a n ta ri G a ru t, N u g ra h a S u -
d ire ja (1 9 7 3 ); d a n p e n g a ja rta ri d i B e rk e le y , A S , M a rta ti H a rn a n to (1 9 7 4 ).
Ira w a ti m e n c ip ta k a n ta ri m e ra k p u s b ita ri ta h u n 1 9 6 5 . B e rb e d a d e n g a n c ik a l
b a k a ln y a , ta ri m e ra k in i le b ih d in a m is .
G e ra k a n ta ri le b ih m e n g g a m b a rk a n k e lin c a h a n m e ra k ja n ta n y a n g b e rle n g g a k le n g g o k m e m a m e rk a n b u lu e k o rn y a . T a ri m e ra k in i k h a s d e n g a n g e ra k a n k a k i
"m in c id ", b e rp u ta r m e m b e n tu k lin g k a ra n s e m b a ri ta n g a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n s e le n d a n g .
Im a ji e k o r m e ra k y a n g te rk e m b a n g
h a d ir s a a t p e n a ri m e m b e n ta n g k a n s e le n d a n g y a n g te rlilit d i p in g g a n g . S e le n d a n g b e rb a h a n tip is m e la m b a j in i
b e rh ia s m o tif d a n p a y e t b e rw a rn a -w a rn i m e n y e ru p a i e k o r m e ra k . W a ta k m ra k ja n ta n y a n g p e s o le k ju g a te rg a m b a r
d a ri m a h k o ta re p lik a k e p a la m e ra k d a n
k e m b e n b e rw a rn a h ija u b e rp ra d a k e em asan.
D e m i m e n d a p a tk a n ru p a b u ru n g m e ra k y a n g p a s , Ira w a ti m e n g g a n d e n g p e lu k is re a l is , B a rli S a s m ita w in a ta , u n t k
m e ra n c a n g k o s tu m le n g k a p d e n g a n a trlb u tn y a . Id e in i k e m u d ia n d iw u ju d a n
m e n ja d i b u s a n a y a n g im a jin a tif d a n t ra k tif o le h K u s u m a h . B u s a n a ta ri in i te ru s -m e n e ru s
d ik e m b a n g k a n
dem i
m e n g ik u ti p e ru b a h a n s e le ra z a m a n .
(N D W jL IT B A N G
KOMPAS/RONY ARfYANTONUGROHO
Tari merak
---------
d ita m p ilk a n
n a ta U n iv e rs ita s
d a la m
P a d ja d ja ra n ,
p e rg e la ra n
B u d a y a K a s ih S e ru m p u n
B a n d u n g , D e se m b e r2 0 0 B .
II d i A u la S a n u s i H a rd ja d i-
KOM PAS)
o
3
4
~
o
o
Selasa
Mar
5
6
7
22
21
OApr
o
Rabu
OMei
•
Kamis
8
9
24
23
OJun
o
o
Sabtu
MingguQPONMLKJIHGFED
14
15
12
13
11
10
30
28
29
27
~6
25
OJul
•
Ags'
0 Sep
aUhUtWift@iWi;m;;amm""1il
;;~ ~
, .' "
Jumat
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
OOkt
ONov
w :z ;m ;;z ~
Khazanah Sunda
. '.
I
Tari Merak. Gemulai Imaiinasi Seniman Ta i
a ri m e ra k m e ru p a k a n s a la h s a tu
ik o n k e s e n ia n J a w a B a ra t. P e n g e m b a n g a n ta ri in i m e lib a tk a n
d a y a k re a s i s e n im a n d a ri m a s a k e m a s a .
D e n g a n k o s tu m p e n a ri y a n g b e rw a rn a w a rn i, ta ri m e ra k m e n y a jik a n im a ji k e e lo k a n a la m ra y a S u n d a .
T a ri y a n g m e ru p a k a n k a ry a k re a s i b a ru in i s a n g a t p o p u le r d a la m m a s y a ra k a t
S u n d a . D i w ila y a h P ria n g a n , ta ri m e ra k
b ia s a d ita m p ilk a n p a d a p e s ta p e rn ik a h a n . G e ra k a n y a n g g e m u la i m e m b u a t ta ria n in i k e ra p d ita m p ilk a n p a d a a c a ra
re s m i p e m e rin ta h a n a ta u p e n y a m b u ta n
ta m u a g u n g .
T a ri m e ra k tid a k d a p a t d ip ls a h k a n d a ri T je tje S o m a n tri (1 8 9 1 -1 9 6 3 ). B a n g s a w a n p e n c in ta s e n i ta ri in i p e rn a h b e rg u ru p a d a s e ju m la h m a e s tro ta ri. P a ra m a e s tro y a n g p e rn a h m e n ja d i g u ru n y a , a n ta ra la in , p e n c ip ta ta ri k e u rs e u s d a ri K e ra to n S u m e d a n g , A o m D o y o t; p a n g e ra n
p e n a ri to p e n g d a ri K e ra to n K a n o m a n ,
E la n g O to D e n d a k u s u m a h ; d a n to k o h
p e n c a a lira n tim b a n g a n , R K a rta a m a ja .
S e ja k ta h u n 1 9 1 0 -a n T je tje te la h
m e n c ip ta k a n p u lu h a n k o rn p o s ls i ta ri,
K e b a n y a k a n m e ru p a k a n ta ri le n y e p a n
(h a lu s ) y a n g d ib a w a k a n p e re m p u a n , s e p e rti
A n ja s m a ra
(1 9 4 6 ), S u lin ta n g
(1 9 4 8 ), R in e k a S a ri (1 9 5 1 ), K u k u p u
(1 9 5 2 ), d a n R e n g g a rin i (1 9 5 8 ).
T
T je tje m e n g g u b a h k o m p o s is i ta ri m e ra k ta h u n 1 9 5 5 . M e s k i b is a d ib a w a k a n
s e c a ra tu n g g a l, ta ria n in i le b ih s e rin g d ita m p ilk a n b e rk e lo m p o k d e n g a n s e lu ru h
p e n a rin y a p e re m p u a n . T a ria n in i u n tu k
p e rta m a k a li d ip e rtu n ju k k a n d a la m K o n fe re n s i A s ia A frik a .
U n tu k m e m p e rk u a t im a ji b u ru n g m e ra k , p e n a ri m e n g e n a k a n a trib u t m e n v e ru p a i s a y a p p a d a le n g a n . T b O e m a y M a rta k u s u m a h
m e ra n c a n g k o s tu m
in i.
B a n g s a w a n B a n te n y a n g g e m a r m e n a ri
d a n m e lu k is in i a d a la h p e lo p o r s e n i p e n ta s p e rtu n ju k a n b a g i ta ri S u n d a p u tri, la
m e n c ip ta k a n b u s a n a ta ri y a n g k h a s d e n g a n w a rn a -w a rn a c e ra h , s e p e rti m e ra h ,
k u n in g , d a n h ija u .
P e rk e m b a n g a n z a m a n m e m b u a t ta ri
m e ra k s e m p a t d itin g g a lk a n p e m in a t.
N a m u n , ta n g a n d in g in Ira w a ti D u rb a n
k e m b a li m e m o p u le rk a n ta ria n in i d a la m
s e n i p e rtu n ju k a n . la m e n g g u b a h ta ri
m e ra k d e n g a n ta ta g e ra k a n d a n k o s tu m
y a n g b a ru . K re a s i b e rn a m a ta ri m e ra k
p u s b ita ri in ila h y a n g b a n y a k d ip e rtu n ju k k a n s a a t in i,
Ira w a ti a d a la h s a la h s e o ra n g m u rid
T je tje S o m a n trL S a rja n a s e n i ru p a In s titu t T e k n o lo q l B a n d u n g in i b a n y a k m e n im b a ilm u ta ri p a d a s e ju m la h m a e s tro ,
a n ta ra la in d a la n g to p e n g , S u ja n a
(1 9 7 1 ); s e n im a n ta ri G a ru t, N u g ra h a S u -
d ire ja (1 9 7 3 ); d a n p e n g a ja rta ri d i B e rk e le y , A S , M a rta ti H a rn a n to (1 9 7 4 ).
Ira w a ti m e n c ip ta k a n ta ri m e ra k p u s b ita ri ta h u n 1 9 6 5 . B e rb e d a d e n g a n c ik a l
b a k a ln y a , ta ri m e ra k in i le b ih d in a m is .
G e ra k a n ta ri le b ih m e n g g a m b a rk a n k e lin c a h a n m e ra k ja n ta n y a n g b e rle n g g a k le n g g o k m e m a m e rk a n b u lu e k o rn y a . T a ri m e ra k in i k h a s d e n g a n g e ra k a n k a k i
"m in c id ", b e rp u ta r m e m b e n tu k lin g k a ra n s e m b a ri ta n g a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n s e le n d a n g .
Im a ji e k o r m e ra k y a n g te rk e m b a n g
h a d ir s a a t p e n a ri m e m b e n ta n g k a n s e le n d a n g y a n g te rlilit d i p in g g a n g . S e le n d a n g b e rb a h a n tip is m e la m b a j in i
b e rh ia s m o tif d a n p a y e t b e rw a rn a -w a rn i m e n y e ru p a i e k o r m e ra k . W a ta k m ra k ja n ta n y a n g p e s o le k ju g a te rg a m b a r
d a ri m a h k o ta re p lik a k e p a la m e ra k d a n
k e m b e n b e rw a rn a h ija u b e rp ra d a k e em asan.
D e m i m e n d a p a tk a n ru p a b u ru n g m e ra k y a n g p a s , Ira w a ti m e n g g a n d e n g p e lu k is re a l is , B a rli S a s m ita w in a ta , u n t k
m e ra n c a n g k o s tu m le n g k a p d e n g a n a trlb u tn y a . Id e in i k e m u d ia n d iw u ju d a n
m e n ja d i b u s a n a y a n g im a jin a tif d a n t ra k tif o le h K u s u m a h . B u s a n a ta ri in i te ru s -m e n e ru s
d ik e m b a n g k a n
dem i
m e n g ik u ti p e ru b a h a n s e le ra z a m a n .
(N D W jL IT B A N G
KOMPAS/RONY ARfYANTONUGROHO
Tari merak
---------
d ita m p ilk a n
n a ta U n iv e rs ita s
d a la m
P a d ja d ja ra n ,
p e rg e la ra n
B u d a y a K a s ih S e ru m p u n
B a n d u n g , D e se m b e r2 0 0 B .
II d i A u la S a n u s i H a rd ja d i-
KOM PAS)