Tea Implementation Guide in Kirundi (low resolution)
Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Ifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba bwa
Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN))
Gushimira
Iyi mfashanyigisho yanditswe, ihindurwa mu Kirundi iva mu ururimi rw'Icongereza, isohorwa kumfashanyo
y'amafaranga ya : Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), Flemish Authorities (FICA), Tata Global Beverages,
Unilever Plc., Taylors of Harrogate, DFID-UK Aid na Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund.
Yashoboye gukorwa kubera ugufashanya kwa Africa Now, Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) na
Ethical Tea Partnership.
Umwanditsi:
Reiko Enomoto, Technical Capacity Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance
Umugenduzi w'ubuhinga:
Winnie Mwaniki, Regional Projects Manager, Rainforest Alliance
Abatosoye n'intererano y'ubuhinga:
Marc Monsarrat, Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest Alliance
Kathrin Resak, Technical Coordinator (Africa & Asia), Rainforest Alliance
Sylvia Rutatina, Rainforest Alliance Tanzania Coordinator
Washington Ndwiga, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa
Mark Omondi, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa
Jane Nyambura, Regional Manager, Partner Africa
Peter Mbadi, Project Manager, KTDA
Alfrick Sang, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator, KTDA
Dr. F. N. Wachira, Director, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya
Gabriel Tuei, Unilever Kenya
Zakaria Mitei, Unilever Kenya
Livingstone Sambai, Unilever Kenya
Jagjeet Kandal, Unilever
Mark Birch, Unilever
Ria Kearney, Tata Global Beverages
Sebastian Michaelis, Tata Global Beverages
Sarah Roberts, Ethical Tea Partnership
Joseph Wagurah, Ethical Tea Partnership
Abafashe amasanamu
Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance
Kathrin Resak, Rainforest Alliance
Winnie Mwaniki, Rainforest Alliance
Washington Ndwiga, Partner Africa
Tea Research Foundation of Kenya
© 2013 Rainforest Alliance
Nta muntu yemerewe kugira ico ahinduye muri aka gatabu
Intangamarara
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhinyanyuwe
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro
budafise ingaruka mbi
Igice ca 3:
Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 4:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Igice ca 5:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Igice ca 6:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga isi
Igice ca 7:
Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora
Igice ca 8:
Ukubungabunga imirima
1
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Icyayi ni kimwe mu biterwa bifise akamaro mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko n'uburaruko vya
Afrika kikaba kininjiriza amafaranga adaharurwa ku barimyi bato. Yamara, niba ubuhinga
butaramba, bwemerewe kubandanya, bizokwandukiza ibidukikije, bitume amazi n'agataka
vyononekara, hanyuma abakirima nabo ntibahabwe agaciro. Kuri izo mvo uburimyi bw'icayi
ntibushobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.
Kugirango umwimbu w'icayi ushobore kuramba igihe kirekire, dusabwa gukorera hamwe
mu guteza imbere umwimbu uramba, tugakuraho umwimbu utaramba ku rwego
rw'umurimyi muto. Birakenewe cane rero kumenya ko umurimyi wese ategerezwa gufata
nkama ubuhinga bwo kurima icayi mu buryo buramba.
Ni gute umurimyi muto yorima icayi mu buryo
burama? Iyi “mfashanyigisho ku giterwa c'icayi”
irerekana ubuhinga bworoshe kandi busanzwe bwo
kurima mu buryo buramba igiterwa c'icayi mu
matongo y'abarimyi bo mu bihugu vya Afrika
2
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho bifatiye ku ngingo
ngenderwako y'uburimyi Buramba yashizwe
ahabona muri Mukakaro 2010 n'irunani rwishinze
Uburimyi buramba, “Sustainable Agriculture
Network”. Iyi ngingo ngenderwako irimwo ibice
bihambaye vy' uburambe. Iyi mfashanyigisho niyo
shingiro ku murimyi yipfuza kubona urupapuro
rutanzwe na Rainforest Alliance
Kugirango uronke urupapuro rwa Rainforest Alliance, umuntu ategerezwa
gukwiza ibi bikurikira:
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Ibitegerezwa gukwiza kugirango uronke urwo rupapuro
1. Gukwiza niburiburi 80% y'ingingo zose ( ingingo zose ni 99)
2. Gukwiza 50% muri buri kigabane (ibigabane vyose ni 10)
3. Gukwiza ijana kw'ijana ingingo zose zikomeye zohava zikubuza
Ku barimyi bato b'icayi nyinshi muri izi ngingo ntizikoreshwa. Muri iyi
mfashanyigisho turashimikira gusa ku ngingo zifitiye akamaro kandi
zikoreshwa mu matongo y'abarimyi bato b'icayi. Turabasaba ko
mushira ku muzirikanyi ko iyi mfashanyigisho idashimikira ku ngingo
zose zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba, canke ku
burimyi bwerekeye imirima minini minini.
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho
Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'ibice 8 bikurikira, igice cose kigahura n'ibwirizwa ry'ingingo igize
uburimyi buramba
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhagije
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 5:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Page 4
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 4
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 8
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro
budafise ingaruka mbi
Page 10
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 6
Igice ca 3:
Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 6:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga isi
Page 22
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 9
Igice ca 7:
Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora Page 23
Page 14
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 5
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 10
Igice ca 4:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 2
Page 18
Page 15
Igice ca 8:
Ukubungabunga imirima
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 1
Page 25
3
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 1
Uburyo buhinyanyuye
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Ikoreshwa ry'imiti iva mu mahinguriro sibwo buryo bwonyene bwo kurwanya
ivyonyi n'indwara. Muri Afrika, Iyo igiti c'icayi gifashwe neza kikaba gifise
ubuzima, gitegerezwa kwerekana kwandura guke kw'ivyonyi n'indwara ku buryo
bitaba ngombwa gutera imiti iva mu mahinguriro. Iyo umuntu ateye iyo miti yica
n'utundi dukoko dusanzwe turya ivyonyi vy'icayi bigatuma rero ivyo vyonyi
biguma biba vyinshi mu murima. Muri iki gice, turiga kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara
mu buryo buramba.
Gutera
Gutera ubwoko bw'icayi burobanuwe
Kubagara
Iyo utera igiti gishasha c'icayi, gerageza uhitemwo ubwoko
burinda ivyonyi n'indwara nk' umuswa na helopelitis. Ni
vyiza gutera ubwoko bw'icayi butandukanye aho gutera
bumwe bwonyene gusa. Iyo uteye ubwoko bwinshi,
ubwoko bwose butegerezwa guterwa ahabwo kugira ngo
ushobore gukurikirana neza umurima wawe.
Niba umurima warabanje
kwanduzwa n'indwara z'imizi nka
“arumilariya”, birashoboka ko iyo
ndwara yoba icinyegeje mu mizi
y'ibiti bigisigaye. Nico gituma ivyo
vyonyi bitegerezwa kuvanwa mu
murima hakoreshejwe uburyo
“impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo
kuvana igikoba ku nkikuro yose
y'igiti. Ubu buryo ni ubwo kwica
ivyonyi vyose vyinyegeje mu mizi.
Impeta ivanako urukoba
Kubagara bitegerezwa gukurikiranwa mu buryo bukurikira,
hadakoreshejwe iterwa ry'imiti
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito, canke ibimaze guhimburwa
Kugumana ibitanda vyiza ku biti vy'icayi vyakuze
Kurandura n'intoke ivyatsi biri mu cayi
Gusasira no kugumana ibitanda bikoze
neza bibuza urumuri gushika ku butaka,
bigatuma ivyatsi bitamera mu cayi.
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito
Kubagara ukoresheje isuka bishobora
gutuma ukomeretsa imizi y'igiti c'icayi.
Nico gituma ari vyiza kubagaza intoke.
4
Kubagaza intoke
Gukata icayi
1. Gukata amashami n'amababi arwaye bihagarika uruhererekane
rw'ubuzima bw'ivyonyi
2. Gukata vyihutisha kumera kw'amashami n'amababi bisha vy'icayi.
3. Gukata bikurikirana uburebure bw'igiti c'icayi bikorohera umurimyi
kucimbura
4. Amashami yakaswe ku giti akoreshwa nk'isaso ry'urusi. Kandi isaso
ibuza ivyatsi gukura mu cayi. Isaso ituma urusi rugumana akanovera
kandi ikarurinda isuri. Iyo isaso itanguye kubora izanira ifumbire
urusi.
Utemye icayi,
gikatire hejuru ya
centimetero 60
uvuye hasi
(Ahagera kumavi
yawe). Ukatiye
hasi cane amazi
atarutse avuye
hasi ashobora
kuzana ingwara
zishobora kwinjira
mu giti c'icayi
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Gukata icayi ni ngombwa kugirango ushobore kugumana ibiti vyawe vy'icayi bifise ubuzima
kandi bitanga umwimbu. Gukata bifise akamaro gakurikira.
Inyuma yo gukata,
shira amashami
yakaswe hejuru
y'igiti c'icayi
kugirango ukirinde
uruzuba.
Inyuma y'igihe gito
niho ushobora
kuyavanaho
ukayakoresha
nk'isaso.
Kurwanya imbeba, imfuku n'insiha
Imbeba, imfuku n'insiha bishobora gukomeretsa imizi n'ibiti vy'icayi.
Ukwo gukomeretsa gushobora kurwanywa mu kwimba imyobo, kandi
ugatera ivyatsi birura nabi nka teforoziya vogeli (Tephrosia vogeli),
tageti minuta (Tagetes minuta) ariyo bita Mexican marigold,
ibitunguru vya onyo canke tungurusumu. Ugerageze ntuvyice.
Nimba ushaka gukoresha
amazi ava mu mababi ya
teforoziya vogeli nk' umuti
wica udukoko, baza
abagoronome
Teforoziya vogeli yatewe mu matongo
Tagetes minuta
5
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Arumilariya
Nimba ufise igiti c'icayi capfuye canke igiti casadutse gifise urukoba rwera, ivyo ni
ibimenyetso vy'indwara ya Arumilariya. Arumilariya ni indwara ikwiragira mu giti cose ihereye
mu mizi. Iyo utayirwanije hakiri kare iyo ndwara ishobora gukwiragira ikarigita umurima wose.
Igiti capfuye canke igiti
gifise amababi asa n'umuhondo
Igiti casadutse uhereye
mw'itsina kiba gifise urukoba rwera
Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina
Igiti capfuye
Nimba ufise igiti kirwaye
Arumilariya, utegerezwa
kurandura igiti cose hamwe
n'imizi yaco, mbere
ukakirambika hasi kikuma
Randura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco
Umaze kurandura igiti kirwaye, urashobora gutera igiti
gishasha umwaka ukurikira. Nimba ibiti vyaranduwe ahantu
hanini, aho hantu hashobora kubanza guterwa ibiterwa bisiga
uburyohe mu rusi nk'ivyatsi vya Gwatemala ( Guatemala
grass).
Ivyatsi vya Gwatemala
6
Iyo hatanguye kuboneka ibivyimba ku giti canke
ku mababi y'icayi, ico ni ikimenyetso
c'indwara ya fomobuzis. Iyo ni indwara yinjirira aho
amababi canke igiti cakomerekejwe. Ushobora
gukomeretsa igiti n'isuka iyo uriko urabagara, canke igiti
kigakomeretswa n'imbeba canke imfuku.
Amababi
atanguye gusa
n'umuhondo
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Kurwanya Fomobuzis (Phomopsis) canke ibivyimba vy'igiti
igiti gifise ibivyimba
Kugirango urwanye iyi ndwara, utegerezwa gutema ibiti
n'amababi vyose vyanduye hanyuma ubiturire. Guturira
biremewe kuri iyi ndwara yo nyene, kuko nibwo buryo
bwonyene buhari bwo kuyirwanya. Iyo uturiye, menya ko
utegerzwa kuba hafi, uraba ko umuriro udatandukira ahandi.
Guturira amababi
arwaye fomobusis
Kwirinda iyo ndwara ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bwihanganira iyo
ndwara iyo ugiye gutera icayi. Utegerezwa no kwirinda
gukoresha isuka iyo uriko urabagara icayi, kuko ishobora
gukomeretsa imizi y' igiti c'icayi
Kurwanya Ipogisilo (Hypoxylon) canke kubora kw'amashami
Ipogisilo ni indwara ifata amashami y'icayi. Amashami yanduye atangura kubora, akazana
ibihurushi vyirabura ku rukoba. Kurwanya Ipogisilo, ni ugutema amashami yanduye
hanyuma ugasiga ku bikomere umuti urwanya udukoko w'umuringa (copper-based
fungicide). Iyo urimwo urakata icayi, utegerezwa kugikatira hejuru y'urugero rw'amavi (60
cm) kugirango agakoko gatera iyi ndwara ntigashike ku bikomere vy'igiti.
Igiti cose carwaye ipogisilo
Ibihurushi vyirabura
7
Helopelitis ( insazi y'icayi)
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Iyo nsazi inunuza amababi mato y'icayi acoroshe, igasiga ibizinga vy'igitare ku mababi
kubera amate yayo. Amababi yandujwe niyo nsazi akura nabi nabi.
Helopelitis (insazi y'icayi)
Ibabi ryanunujwe na Helopelitis
Amababi y'icayi yandujwe na Helopelitis
Kurwanya helopelitis birasaba kuvanaho
amababi yoroshe yose akiri mato hanyuma
mu murima hagasigara amababi akomeye
gusa. Ubu buryo nibwo bita “ gutipinga”. Iyo
uvanyeko amababi yoroshe yose ashobora
kugaburira Helopelitis, ukwanduza kwiyo nsazi
y'icyayi kuragabanuka.
Ukuvanako amababi yoroshe yose akiri
Imbaragasa (Aphids)
Amababi yatewe n'udusurira
8
Uburyo bwo kwirinda helopelitis ni
uguhitamwo ubwoko bw'icayi burinda iyo nsazi
iyo ugiye kurima icayi bwa mbere.
Imbaragasa ni udukoko turya amababi
yoroshe akiri mato y'icayi. Kwimbura kenshi gashoboka no
kugabanya igihe co kwimbura umara hagati y'umwimbu
n'uwundi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imbaragasa.
Agasurira ni umwansi
w'imbaragasa. Udusurira turya
imbaragasa bigatuma
zitagwira. Iyo rero uteye imiti
iva mu mahinguriro ushaka
kwica imbaragasa n'udusurira
ntidusigara. Kudatera iyo miti
bituma utica udusurira natwo
tukagufasha kurwanya
imbaragasa.
Agasurira karya imbaragasa
Mayite (Mites)
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mayite, hari
ubusa n'igitare, ubutukura, n'ubundi.
Amababi yatewe na mayite ahindura ibara
agasa n'umuringa
Amababi yafashwe na mayite itukura
Umurima watewe na mayite itukura
Ibiti bitarwaye kandi bikomeye bifise ubuzima bishobora
kurinda indwara ya mayite. Gushiramwo ifumbire igihe
kandi ugafumbira neza bituma igiti kigira ubuzima,
kigakomera.
Gutera ubwoko bw'icyayi burinda mayite navyo bituma
urwanya iyo ndwara.
Gufumbira ku gihe kandi ugafumbira neza
Reka turinde imirima yacu ivyonyi n'indwara mu
buryo buramba kandi tunabona ibiti vy'icayi
vyiza bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu
9
Igice ca 2
Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti
ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi
Abarimyi bafise urupapuro ntibarekuriwe gukora imirimo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo canke
ubw' abandi bantu. Nimba ukoresha imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu murima wawe w'imboga
canke ibitungwa vyawe, iyo miti itegerzwa gukoreshwa mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima
bwawe, ubwo umuryango wawe nubwo ababanyi bawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Imyambaro y'umuntu wese mu kwirinda (PPE)
Ntivyemewe gutera umuti uva mu
mahinguriro utambaye
imyambaro yabigenewe yo kwirinda
(PPE) kubera ko:
ushobora kumira iyo miti biciye mu
kanwa no mu mazuru
Iyo ipompo yawe iva umuti
ushobora gutotesha impuzu
zawe hanyuma umubiri
ukanduzwa n'iyo miti
Intoke zawe zishobora gutoteshwa
n'uwo muti ukakwinjiramwo
Menya Neza:
Iyi ngingo irakomeye.
Kutayubahiriza, bishobora
Gutuma ubura urupapuro.
Nimba utambaye ibirato, umuti
ushobora kwinjira no mu birenge
vyawe
Akayungiro
kayungurura Imiti
(Akayungurura ivumbi
ntikayungurura imiti)
Umwambaro
ukingira amaso
Ikoti ry'imvura
canke igikingira
umugongo
Akayungiro
k'ivumbi
Impuzu idatoteshwa n'
amazi
Utegerezwa Kwibuka
ko ibice vy'umubiri
vyose bitegerezwa gufukwa
10
Ibirato vya nilo
wambara kun
toke kugira
bizikingire
Ibirato vy'ingamiya
bitinjirwamwo n'imiti
Umwambaro wo hasi ukozwe n'udukuko twa plasitike (ushobora
kongerwako mu gihe rya koti ry'imvura ridafuka neza amaguru)
Menya Neza: ushobora gukoresha mu rugo rwawe umufuko wa
plasitike utavuyemwo imiti uva mu mahinguriro. Ntugakoreshe
n'imifuko yavuyemwo amafumbire ava mu mahinguriro
Kwambara impuzu yo kwikingira yabigenewe (PPE) ntibikenewe gusa iyo uriko uratera
imiti mu mboga zawe ahubwo biranakenewe niyo uriko uratera umuti ibitungwa vyawe
canke ushira ifumbire mu murima wawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Iyo uriko ushiramwo
ifumbire, ugomba
kwambara uturato
dukingira intoke,
ibirato n'impuzu
ipfuka hose
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikamwo imiti
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi iyo ubitse imiti iva mu
mahinguriro mu nzu?
Imyuka mibi ituruka mu bubiko bwayo iraza ikonona
ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Imiti iva mu ma
hinguriro
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu gikoni, abantu bo mu
muryango wawe, bashobora kwibesha bakayishira
mu biribwa batazi ko ari imiti y'ubumara
guriro
ahin
a mu m
Imiti iv
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu cumba,
abana bashobora kuyifata
bakayinywa, bazi ko ari amazi
canke ikindi kinyobwa
Imiti iv
a mu
mahin
guriro
Nimba wabitse iyo miti ahantu huguruye hadafunze,
abana bashobora kuyifata bakayikinisha, canke
umuntu wo hanze akayiba.
Imiti iva mu
mahingurir
o
Ingaruka zo kutabika imiti neza, zirakomeye kandi
zishobora kuvamwo urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu
muryango wawe.
11
Ni vyiza kugura umuti uca ukoresha ako kanya ku buryo atawusigara ngo uwubike mu
nzu yawe. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko ubika umuti wasigaye aho ubaye, ushobora
guhitamwo mu buryo bukurikira bwo kubikamwo iyo miti iva mu mahinguriro ata ngaruka
bigiriye wewe ubwawe n'umuryango wawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
1. Uko ingana nuko imeze
Nimba ushaka kubika umuti uri mu ma cupa, si ngombwa ko wubaka icumba c'ububiko.
Ku murimyi muto asanzwe, ahantu hato harakwiye kugirango habikemwo iyo miti.
Nk'akarorero ashobora gusatura ingunguru, agakoresha ikindi cuma cose gishaje, canke
agaturu k'inkoko gashaje katagikoreshwa mu kubika ya miti iva mu mahinguriro. Ubu
bubiko bwose twavuze haruguru ntibutegerezwa kuba buri mu nzu imbere.
Ububiko bwubatswe mu ngunguru
2. Ibikoresho bitononwa
n'amazi
Ushobora kwiyubakira ububiko
ukoreshejeje ibikoresho biri hafi
ariko bitononwa n' amazi.
Igisenge gitegerezwa kuba
cubatswe neza kandi kitava. Iyo
ushatse gukoresha imbaho,
utegerezwa gukoresha
ubumwanya ukazipfuka kugira
imiti iva ntitonyangire kuri izo
Imbere mu bubiko bwubatwe
n'imbaho hakingiriwe n'ubumwanya
3. Ukwugara
Ububiko butegerezwa kuba bwugaye neza
n'igufuri, ahasigaye urupfunguruzo rukaba
rubitswe ahantu heza hizigiwe. Ni vyiza
kuhugaza igufuri kugira ngo abana canke
abandi bantu ntibahugurure ngo batware iyo
miti ihabitswe.
4. Icapa c'ukugabisha.
Gerageza ushire icapa co kugabisha ku
bubiko bwawe kugira ngo uwo ariwe
wese amenye ko habitswe imiti ishobora
kwica ubuzima bw'abantu.
12
Ububiko bwubatswe mu ki nyankoko
Ingazi y'urubaho ijako imiti
ipfukishijwe akamwanya.
Ugukingira ibiterwa vy'imiti n'ibiti canke ivyatsi
Iyo uteye imiti utegerezwa kumenyako abantu baca i ruhande y'umurima batokwanduzwa
n'ubumara buva mu murima. Kugira ngo twirinde gutemba kw'imiti iva mu murima ni vyiza
gutera ibiti canke ivyatsi. Uruzitiro rurabungabunga igwirirana ry'ibinyabuzima mu murima
wawe.
Uruzitiro
rw'ivyatsi canke
ibiti
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Umurima
w'icayi
Uruzitiro
rw'ivyatsi canke
ibiti
Umurima
w'icayi
Umurima
w'icayi
Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Umwanya uri hagati y'uburaro
bw'abantu n'ahategerezwa kurimwa
Akaba umuryango wawe canke abakozi bawe baba aho umurima uri, ni ngombwa ko hoba
umwanya hagati y'uburaro n'umurima. Iyo umurima w'icayi canke izindi ndimo zo mw'itongo
vyegereye amazu, canke abana bakinira hafi y'iyo mirima, bazokwanduzwa ni miti itemba
iva muri ya mirima. Kugirango uvyirinde ni vyiza gusiga umwanya canke ukubaka uruzitiro
rw'ibiti canke ivyatsi iruhande y'iyo mirima.
Umurima w'icayi iruhande y'inzu
y'uburaro
Umwanya hagati y'imirima n'uburaro
13
Igice ca 3
Ugutunganya imyanda
Imyanda ishobora kutugirira akamaro, mu gihe
itunganijwe neza. Ariko iyo ida tunganijweneza,
ishobora kwonona impwemu, amazi n'isi yo mu
murima wawe. Iyo utiriye ubumwanya, canke
uducupa twavuyemwo imiti, imyotsi ivamwo
ishobora kwonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Reka dutunganye imyanda mu buryo bukwiye
kugirango tugire imirima irangwamwo isuku
n'amagara meza.
Ugutunganya imyanda
Guturira imyand
Ugutunganya imyanda ibora
a ntivyemewe
Imyavu yo mu gikoni n'imyavu y'ibitungwa
ishobora gushirwa muri nyabarega ikavyara
ifumbire. Iyo wayishize muri nyabarega
utegerezwa kwibuka ko utegerezwa
kuyihindukiza mu ndwi 2-3 kugira ngo hinjiremwo
akayaga, ubushuhe bwongerekane bitume
n'ifumbire ibora neza.
Gutunganya imyavu y- ubumwanya n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti
Imyavu y-ubumwanya- n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti itegerezwa kuvangurwa n-iyindi
myavu igakoranirizwa hamwe. Uducupa twavuyemwo imiti dutegerezwa kwozwa
incuro zitatu hanyuma ukatumenagura imbere yo kudukoraniriza hamwe. Tumaze
kwegeranywa uwurongoye umugwi ategerezwa kutujana ahantu mu buryo
budashobora kwanduza ibidukikije.
Ntidutegerezwa kurekerwa mu
murima.
Igice c-ingunguru co gushiramwo
ubumwanya canke uducupa.
Umufuko w-uducupa twavuyemwo
imiti.
Umupfuko w-imyanda ya plastike
14
Igice ca 4
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima
Nimba ufise mu murima wawe hamwe mu hantu hameze nk'aha hakurikira, ico
ikinyabuzima gikeneye gukingirwa
Aho hantu hose havuzwe hategerezwa
gukingirwa kuberako ko habitse ibinyabuzima
vy-ubwoko bwose, hanyuma guhomba ahantu
nkaho bituma haba ihungababana rikomeye ryibidukikije, nko guhomba ibinyabuzima biriko
birahona, n-amoko y-ibiti cimeza, nko gutera
inkukura canke kwanduza amazi. Ni co gituma
ahantu nkaho hadategerezwa kurimwa ngo
haterwe icayi.
Menya neza:
Birabujijwe guca, guhiga no kurima
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Ahantu hari ibiti cimeza
Ahantu hari ibikoko canke ivyatsi n-ibiti biriko
birahona.
Imyonga n-inzuzi
Ibishanga
Ama park n-ahandi aho ari hose hagendurwa na
Leta y-uburundi.
Guhonya ibinyabuzima
ni urufatiro rukomeye
rwotuma ubura urupapuro
Ku mvo zo gukingira aha hantu, ntibirekuwe kwirukana, guhiga ibikoko vyo mw-ishamba,
kurima canke ngo upompe imiti aho hantu hakingiwe
Ibi bitegerezwa kumenyeshwa umuryango wawe wose n-abakozi ukoresha.
15
Gutera ibiti cimeza
Mu buryo bwo gukingira uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima vy-ahantu hakingiye, ushobora gutera
ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima, irunhande y-imigezi y-amazi n-ahandi hose hari imitumba
ihanamye. Ni vyiza gutera ibiti vy-ishamba, atari ibiti vyazanywe n-abazungu kuko ibiti
cimeza nivyo usanga bimenyereye isi n-ibirere vyacu kandi bigashobora kubika uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Ushobora kwitegurira wewe nyene amatuta
uteramwo imivyaro.
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Gutera ibiti cimeza
Ubwoko bw'ibiti cimeza
buboneka muri
Afrika y-ubuseruko
Podokrupusi
Umwungo
Umurinzi
Umuhate
Umugano
Umuvumu
Ahantu hahanamye haterwa ibiti cimeza.
Gutera ivyatsi canke ibiti bikoreshwa nk-imbago
Ni vyiza gutera imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti hagati y-ahantu hakingiwe kugirango ubuze imiti
yapompwe mu mirima kujana ha hantu hakingiwe. Birafasha no kugira ngo imirimo ukorera
mu burimyi itabangamira aho hantu hakingiwe.
Ibishanga
16
Imbago z-ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Ishamba
Umurima
Umurima
Imbago z-ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima
Iyo ibikoko n-inyoni vyo mw-ishamba biva ahantu bija ahandi, bikeneye kugenda bica mu
mashamba adafatanye kuko yagiye aratandukanywa n-imirima, ibikoko ntishobora
gutembera uko bishatse. Iyo umugezi w-amazi udafatanye n-ishamba ibikoko ntibishobora
kuwugeramwo.
Kwishira n-ukwizana mu ruja n-uruza rw-ibikoko n-inyoni.
Kutagira
umwidegemvyo
Kutagira
umwidegemvyo
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Fatanya amashamba aho ibikoko n-inyoni bishobora gutembera mu mwidegemvyo.
Amashamba yahonejwe agatandukanywa n-imirima bigatuma ibikoko n-inyoni
Mu guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima,
ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande zimirima yawe ugahuza n-udushamba
dutoduto twagiye turasigara canke gukingira
udushamba dusanzwe tuhari.
Udushamba dutoduto twagiye turahuzwa.
17
Igice ca 5
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi
Amazi ni igihambaye ku buzima bw-abantu n-ibikoko. Muri iki gice twigira hamwe ukuntu
twobungabunga amazi akaguma ari meza n-ukuntu twokingira amasoko y-amazi.
Kuosha vifaa
Inyuma yo gupompa imiti, ukeneye ibikoresho vyawe
n-ivyambarwa vyawe (PPE] amazi yakoreshejwe mu
kuvyoza aba arimwo ubumara, nico gituma ashobora
kwonona ibidukikije iyo adatunganijwe neza.
Ibikoresho ntibitegerezwa kwogerezwa mu
nzuzi, mu myonga, canke mu bidengeri
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Iyo upomfye imiti mu murima wawe wimboga ogereza ibikoresho mu
murima wawe, ni waheza amazi
Iyo upomfye imiti ibitungwa, ogereza
ibikoresho mu kinogo cabigenewe. Ico
kinogo gitegerezwa kwuzuzwamwo
amakara afasha kumimina amazi.
Birabujijwe guca ibiti cimeza
ubikuramwo amakara.
Icobo cuzuyemwo amakara
Wibuke kandi no kumesura impuzu zigukingira iyo utera imiti
(PPE]. Amazi wakoresheje umesura uyasese aho twakubwiye.
Indobo ikoreshwa gusa mu
kuyogerezamwo ibikoresho gusa
18
Imicafu y-amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo
Kumesurira ivyambarwa mu myonga bituma
yononekara. Gusesa amazi wakoresheje yo mu gikoni
vyonona ibidukikije kandi bikorora imibu. Amazi
yakoreshejwe mu rugo nayo ategerezwa gutunganywa
neza.
Amazi yakoreshejwe
Gusesa amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo mu
mufurege wimbwe mu murima uri inyuma
y-urugo.
Umuv
Imitsinda y-ibitoke
Amateke
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Iyo urugero rw-amazi akoreshwa mu rugo ari ruto,
ashobora guseswa mu mufurege inyuma y-urugo
iruhande y-uwo mufurege ushobora kuhatera ibitoke
canke amateke kuko bishobora kunywa amazi ku
buryo bworoshe.
Iyo witegereje amazi atega mu murima, usanga ari amazi acafuye ari
menshi cane kugira isi iyanywe canke ibigize iyo si n-ibiyiranga
bidatuma ayo mazi ashobora kwinjira ngo anyengetere muri iyo si. Iyo
bimeze gutyo ushobora gushira umuringoti mu kuzimu ya mazi
agatemberamwo aho gutega hejuru.
Umuringoti
w'imetero imwe
19
Kurandura ibiti vy-imikaratusi biteye iruhande y-imyonga.
Ibiti vy-imikaratusi biduha inkwi zo gucana ariko iyo
bitewe iruhande y-ahantu hari amazi, inzuzi,
imyonga, canke amasoko y-amazi binywa amazi
menshi ku buryo aho hantu hashobora kwuma. Iyo
isoko canke umwonga vyumye bishobora gutera
ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw-umuryango wawe no ku
babanyi bawe muri rusangi. Dukeneye gukingira
amasoko y-amazi.
Ibiti vy-imikaratusi
Guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi bitewe iruhande y-umwonga.
Umwonga wumye kubera imikaratusi
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Inyuma yo guca ibiti vyimikaratusi umwonga
warasubiranye.
Kutarima iruhande y-imyonga
Ntivyemewe kurima icayi canke ibindi biterwa iruhande y-imyonga. Mu gihe ivyo ubipomfye
imiti ubumara bwayo bushobora kuja mu mazi bukayonona.
Kurima iruhande y-imyonga navyo bishobora gutuma inkukura ija mu mazi. Reka dupfuke
imyonge mu gutera ibibingo n-ibindi vyatsi canke mu kuhatera ibiterwa bitadusaba guhora
turima canke gushiramwo imiti.
a buja
Ubumar
i
mu maz
kukura
we n-in
si yatwa
I
20
Gutega amazi y-imvura
Amazi ni ingirakamaro mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukeneye kubika amazi akwiye mu buzima
bwacu bwa minsi yose. Gutega amazi y-imvura ni uburyo bufise akamaro kandi bworoshe
mukuronka amazi. Ushobora gutega amazi y-imvura ava ku nzu yawe akabikwa mu kigega
c-amazi. Ushobora gukoresha ayo mazi mu nzu. Ushobora no kuyakoresha mu kuyanywa
umaze kuyahingura canke ukayateka. Imvura ni isoko ry-amazi rikomeye. Nico gituma
dutegerezwa kumenya neza ingene tuyakoresha.
Kudata imicafu mu migezi y-amazi
Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi nti birekuwe. Dukeneye gukingira imigezi y-amazi bituma
amazi aguma ari meza ku nyungu z-ibikoko n-abantu.
Guta imicafu mu migezi
y-amazi ni imwe mu
ngingo zo kubuza
urupapuro utayubahirije
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Menya neza:
21
Igice ca 6
Uburyo bwo gukingira isi
Dukeneye gukingira isi mu ndimo nzacu kugira ntigume itwarwa n-inkukura.
Kurwanya inkukura
Ahantu iyo hahanamye isi iratwarwa igihe cose. Iyo utarwanije inkukura ibintu bishobora
kuguma biba nabi.
Kugirango urwanye inkukura, utegerezwa gutera ibibingo n-ibiti cimeza ahantu hose
ubona hashobora gutwarwa n-inkukura. Ibibingo bifata neza isi kandi bikagaburira nibitungwa.
Uburyo bwo gukingira isi
Ibibingo
Guturira ntibirekuwe
Guturira vyica intabire nudukoko dutodoto tuba mw-isi
dutuma ivyatsi bibora
bivamwo. Guturira mu
gutegura isi imbere yo kurima
ntivyemewe.
Menya neza:
Guturira umurima imbere
yo kurima n’ingingo ikubuza
urupapuro utazubahirije.
22
Impande z-imirima
zikikijwe n-ivyatsi canke
ibiti.
Igice ca 7
Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi
n-ahantu heza ho gukorera
Niwaba ukoresha abakozi mu murima bategerezwa gufatwa neza. Abakozi bakeneye
amagara meza n-ahantu heza ho gukorera.
Uburaro bw-abakozi
Iyo ufise abakozi mu murima wawe, reka turabe ko baba heza, kandi bafise amagara meza.
1. Ivyumba
Ivyumba abakozi baryamamwo n-imiryango yabo, ntibitegerezwa kuba bibikwamwo imiti,
amafumbire, amacupa canke imifuko iyo miti yavuyemwo. Ivyo vyumba ntibitegerezwa kuba
biva ku gisenge canke ku mpome.
2. Igikoni
Iyo igikoni kidafise aho imyotsi
isohokera, imyotsi iba iri mu
gikoni ishobora gutera
ingorane zikomeye z-amagara,
zikica amahaha n-amaso yabakozi n-imiryango yabo.
Igikoni gifise aho imyotsi
isohokera gikingira amagara yabakozi, kandi kigatuma
amagara yabo aguma ari
meza.
Imipfuko y-amafumbire ku bihome
Igisenge cononekaye kandi kiva
Umwotsi w-itabi
Umukozi abangamiwe n-umwotsi
w-itabi uva mu vyumba.
3. Utuzu twa surwumwe
Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba
harimwo.
akazu ka surwumwe gafise isuku
Igikoni ca kijambere gifise aho imyotsi
isohokera. Ibi bituma igikoni gisa neza
kigakoresha n-inkwi nke.
Uburyo bwiza ku
bakozi n-ahantu
heza ho gukorera
Imiti n-amafumbire mu vyumba
23
4. Aho bamesera
Mu rugo rw-abakozi
hategerezwa kuba hariho
aho bamesera impuzu.
Kumesera impuzu mu mugezi
Ahateguriwe kumesera impuzu
Gutanga amazi yo kunywa
Abakozi baba canke bakorera mu
murima wawe bategerezwa kuronka
amazi meza yo kunywa. Utegerezwa
kuba igihe cose watetse amazi canke
wayagiriye isuku kugirango abakozi
bashobore kunywa amazi meza.
Ibikorwa vy-abana mu murima
Kirazira gutanga akazi ku
mwana ari mu nsi y-imyaka
15 ngo akore nk-umukozi.
• Munsi y-imyaka 15
• yahawe akazi nk-umukozi
• Ntashobora kuja kw-ishure
• Kubera akazi yahawe
Menya:
Uburyo bwiza ku
bakozi n-ahantu
heza ho gukorera
kudatanga akazi ku
mwana ari munsi y-imyaka15
ni ingingo yokubuza
kuronka urupapuro utayubahirije.
24
Abana bari munsi y-imyaka
15 bashobora gufasha
imiryango yabo mu bikorwa
bitandukanye mu gihe cose
bitabuza kuja kw-ishure mu
ngihe c-umutaga kandi
bakaba badakora ibikorwa
bibavuna canke bibagirira
ingaruka mbi.
Ashobora gufasha mu murima mu gihe co nyene
atari kwi-shure.
Igice ca 8
Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima
Kubika inyandiko
Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima wawe igirirwa inyandiko ikabikwa. Iyo ubitse
inyandiko y-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima, ushobora kwibuka ibikorwa vyose vyakozwe mu
gihe giheze ugatako ugashobora no kugira imigambi yo kurushirizaho.
Iyo baravye izo nyandiko abagenduzi bo hanze no mu gihugu nabo bashobora kubona
uburyo wafashe umurima wawe.
Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora kwerekana ku rugero rw-umurima:
Gupompa imiti iva mu mahinguriro
Gupompa imiti
Abakozi bahawe akazi i
Kwinjiza abakozi
Gutera ibiti
Umwimbu.
Ivyo wokwandika mu gutera
imiti n-amasey’ikizungu:
• Umurima
• Italiki
• Izina ry-umuti
• umwimbu
• urupimo rw-umuti namafumbire
• Izina ry-uwapomfye
• Ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe
Ivyo wokwandika
mu gukarisha ubwenge
bw’abakozi:
•
•
•
•
•
Igenekerezo
Inyigisho zatanzwe
Izina ry-umwigisha
Amazina y-abigishijwe
Imikono y-abigishijwe
Ivyo wo kwandika
mu guha akazi abakozi:
•
•
•
•
•
Igenekerezo
Izina
Akazi ako ariko
Amasaha y-akazi
Umushahara
Gukwirikirana
Abarimyi n-ishirahamwe ryabo ntibategerezwa kuvanga icayi cahawe urupapuro gikeneye
kuvangurwa mu nzira zose zo kdandazwa; aho kugurirwa ku ma hangar, mu mamodokari
aho gihingurirwa mu ruganda, kugera no kugipakira mu mipfuko imbere yo kugitwara ku
masoko.
Menya neza:
Uburyo bwo
gukingira umurima
Kutavangura icayi caronse
urupapuro n-ikitararuronka
ni ingingo yo kubuza
kuronka urupapuro uwutayubahirije.
Kuvangura mu ma
modoka icayi caronse
urupapuro.
Kuvangura icayi mu
ruganda
Icayi gifise urupapapuro
ukwaco kigira ikimenyetso
kikiranga.
25
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Ifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba bwa
Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN))
Gushimira
Iyi mfashanyigisho yanditswe, ihindurwa mu Kirundi iva mu ururimi rw'Icongereza, isohorwa kumfashanyo
y'amafaranga ya : Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), Flemish Authorities (FICA), Tata Global Beverages,
Unilever Plc., Taylors of Harrogate, DFID-UK Aid na Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund.
Yashoboye gukorwa kubera ugufashanya kwa Africa Now, Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) na
Ethical Tea Partnership.
Umwanditsi:
Reiko Enomoto, Technical Capacity Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance
Umugenduzi w'ubuhinga:
Winnie Mwaniki, Regional Projects Manager, Rainforest Alliance
Abatosoye n'intererano y'ubuhinga:
Marc Monsarrat, Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest Alliance
Kathrin Resak, Technical Coordinator (Africa & Asia), Rainforest Alliance
Sylvia Rutatina, Rainforest Alliance Tanzania Coordinator
Washington Ndwiga, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa
Mark Omondi, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa
Jane Nyambura, Regional Manager, Partner Africa
Peter Mbadi, Project Manager, KTDA
Alfrick Sang, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator, KTDA
Dr. F. N. Wachira, Director, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya
Gabriel Tuei, Unilever Kenya
Zakaria Mitei, Unilever Kenya
Livingstone Sambai, Unilever Kenya
Jagjeet Kandal, Unilever
Mark Birch, Unilever
Ria Kearney, Tata Global Beverages
Sebastian Michaelis, Tata Global Beverages
Sarah Roberts, Ethical Tea Partnership
Joseph Wagurah, Ethical Tea Partnership
Abafashe amasanamu
Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance
Kathrin Resak, Rainforest Alliance
Winnie Mwaniki, Rainforest Alliance
Washington Ndwiga, Partner Africa
Tea Research Foundation of Kenya
© 2013 Rainforest Alliance
Nta muntu yemerewe kugira ico ahinduye muri aka gatabu
Intangamarara
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhinyanyuwe
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro
budafise ingaruka mbi
Igice ca 3:
Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 4:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Igice ca 5:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Igice ca 6:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga isi
Igice ca 7:
Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora
Igice ca 8:
Ukubungabunga imirima
1
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Icyayi ni kimwe mu biterwa bifise akamaro mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko n'uburaruko vya
Afrika kikaba kininjiriza amafaranga adaharurwa ku barimyi bato. Yamara, niba ubuhinga
butaramba, bwemerewe kubandanya, bizokwandukiza ibidukikije, bitume amazi n'agataka
vyononekara, hanyuma abakirima nabo ntibahabwe agaciro. Kuri izo mvo uburimyi bw'icayi
ntibushobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.
Kugirango umwimbu w'icayi ushobore kuramba igihe kirekire, dusabwa gukorera hamwe
mu guteza imbere umwimbu uramba, tugakuraho umwimbu utaramba ku rwego
rw'umurimyi muto. Birakenewe cane rero kumenya ko umurimyi wese ategerezwa gufata
nkama ubuhinga bwo kurima icayi mu buryo buramba.
Ni gute umurimyi muto yorima icayi mu buryo
burama? Iyi “mfashanyigisho ku giterwa c'icayi”
irerekana ubuhinga bworoshe kandi busanzwe bwo
kurima mu buryo buramba igiterwa c'icayi mu
matongo y'abarimyi bo mu bihugu vya Afrika
2
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho bifatiye ku ngingo
ngenderwako y'uburimyi Buramba yashizwe
ahabona muri Mukakaro 2010 n'irunani rwishinze
Uburimyi buramba, “Sustainable Agriculture
Network”. Iyi ngingo ngenderwako irimwo ibice
bihambaye vy' uburambe. Iyi mfashanyigisho niyo
shingiro ku murimyi yipfuza kubona urupapuro
rutanzwe na Rainforest Alliance
Kugirango uronke urupapuro rwa Rainforest Alliance, umuntu ategerezwa
gukwiza ibi bikurikira:
Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Ibitegerezwa gukwiza kugirango uronke urwo rupapuro
1. Gukwiza niburiburi 80% y'ingingo zose ( ingingo zose ni 99)
2. Gukwiza 50% muri buri kigabane (ibigabane vyose ni 10)
3. Gukwiza ijana kw'ijana ingingo zose zikomeye zohava zikubuza
Ku barimyi bato b'icayi nyinshi muri izi ngingo ntizikoreshwa. Muri iyi
mfashanyigisho turashimikira gusa ku ngingo zifitiye akamaro kandi
zikoreshwa mu matongo y'abarimyi bato b'icayi. Turabasaba ko
mushira ku muzirikanyi ko iyi mfashanyigisho idashimikira ku ngingo
zose zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba, canke ku
burimyi bwerekeye imirima minini minini.
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho
Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'ibice 8 bikurikira, igice cose kigahura n'ibwirizwa ry'ingingo igize
uburimyi buramba
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhagije
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 5:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Page 4
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 4
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 8
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro
budafise ingaruka mbi
Page 10
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 6
Igice ca 3:
Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 6:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga isi
Page 22
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 9
Igice ca 7:
Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora Page 23
Page 14
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 5
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 10
Igice ca 4:
Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 2
Page 18
Page 15
Igice ca 8:
Ukubungabunga imirima
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 1
Page 25
3
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 1
Uburyo buhinyanyuye
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Ikoreshwa ry'imiti iva mu mahinguriro sibwo buryo bwonyene bwo kurwanya
ivyonyi n'indwara. Muri Afrika, Iyo igiti c'icayi gifashwe neza kikaba gifise
ubuzima, gitegerezwa kwerekana kwandura guke kw'ivyonyi n'indwara ku buryo
bitaba ngombwa gutera imiti iva mu mahinguriro. Iyo umuntu ateye iyo miti yica
n'utundi dukoko dusanzwe turya ivyonyi vy'icayi bigatuma rero ivyo vyonyi
biguma biba vyinshi mu murima. Muri iki gice, turiga kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara
mu buryo buramba.
Gutera
Gutera ubwoko bw'icayi burobanuwe
Kubagara
Iyo utera igiti gishasha c'icayi, gerageza uhitemwo ubwoko
burinda ivyonyi n'indwara nk' umuswa na helopelitis. Ni
vyiza gutera ubwoko bw'icayi butandukanye aho gutera
bumwe bwonyene gusa. Iyo uteye ubwoko bwinshi,
ubwoko bwose butegerezwa guterwa ahabwo kugira ngo
ushobore gukurikirana neza umurima wawe.
Niba umurima warabanje
kwanduzwa n'indwara z'imizi nka
“arumilariya”, birashoboka ko iyo
ndwara yoba icinyegeje mu mizi
y'ibiti bigisigaye. Nico gituma ivyo
vyonyi bitegerezwa kuvanwa mu
murima hakoreshejwe uburyo
“impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo
kuvana igikoba ku nkikuro yose
y'igiti. Ubu buryo ni ubwo kwica
ivyonyi vyose vyinyegeje mu mizi.
Impeta ivanako urukoba
Kubagara bitegerezwa gukurikiranwa mu buryo bukurikira,
hadakoreshejwe iterwa ry'imiti
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito, canke ibimaze guhimburwa
Kugumana ibitanda vyiza ku biti vy'icayi vyakuze
Kurandura n'intoke ivyatsi biri mu cayi
Gusasira no kugumana ibitanda bikoze
neza bibuza urumuri gushika ku butaka,
bigatuma ivyatsi bitamera mu cayi.
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito
Kubagara ukoresheje isuka bishobora
gutuma ukomeretsa imizi y'igiti c'icayi.
Nico gituma ari vyiza kubagaza intoke.
4
Kubagaza intoke
Gukata icayi
1. Gukata amashami n'amababi arwaye bihagarika uruhererekane
rw'ubuzima bw'ivyonyi
2. Gukata vyihutisha kumera kw'amashami n'amababi bisha vy'icayi.
3. Gukata bikurikirana uburebure bw'igiti c'icayi bikorohera umurimyi
kucimbura
4. Amashami yakaswe ku giti akoreshwa nk'isaso ry'urusi. Kandi isaso
ibuza ivyatsi gukura mu cayi. Isaso ituma urusi rugumana akanovera
kandi ikarurinda isuri. Iyo isaso itanguye kubora izanira ifumbire
urusi.
Utemye icayi,
gikatire hejuru ya
centimetero 60
uvuye hasi
(Ahagera kumavi
yawe). Ukatiye
hasi cane amazi
atarutse avuye
hasi ashobora
kuzana ingwara
zishobora kwinjira
mu giti c'icayi
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Gukata icayi ni ngombwa kugirango ushobore kugumana ibiti vyawe vy'icayi bifise ubuzima
kandi bitanga umwimbu. Gukata bifise akamaro gakurikira.
Inyuma yo gukata,
shira amashami
yakaswe hejuru
y'igiti c'icayi
kugirango ukirinde
uruzuba.
Inyuma y'igihe gito
niho ushobora
kuyavanaho
ukayakoresha
nk'isaso.
Kurwanya imbeba, imfuku n'insiha
Imbeba, imfuku n'insiha bishobora gukomeretsa imizi n'ibiti vy'icayi.
Ukwo gukomeretsa gushobora kurwanywa mu kwimba imyobo, kandi
ugatera ivyatsi birura nabi nka teforoziya vogeli (Tephrosia vogeli),
tageti minuta (Tagetes minuta) ariyo bita Mexican marigold,
ibitunguru vya onyo canke tungurusumu. Ugerageze ntuvyice.
Nimba ushaka gukoresha
amazi ava mu mababi ya
teforoziya vogeli nk' umuti
wica udukoko, baza
abagoronome
Teforoziya vogeli yatewe mu matongo
Tagetes minuta
5
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Arumilariya
Nimba ufise igiti c'icayi capfuye canke igiti casadutse gifise urukoba rwera, ivyo ni
ibimenyetso vy'indwara ya Arumilariya. Arumilariya ni indwara ikwiragira mu giti cose ihereye
mu mizi. Iyo utayirwanije hakiri kare iyo ndwara ishobora gukwiragira ikarigita umurima wose.
Igiti capfuye canke igiti
gifise amababi asa n'umuhondo
Igiti casadutse uhereye
mw'itsina kiba gifise urukoba rwera
Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina
Igiti capfuye
Nimba ufise igiti kirwaye
Arumilariya, utegerezwa
kurandura igiti cose hamwe
n'imizi yaco, mbere
ukakirambika hasi kikuma
Randura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco
Umaze kurandura igiti kirwaye, urashobora gutera igiti
gishasha umwaka ukurikira. Nimba ibiti vyaranduwe ahantu
hanini, aho hantu hashobora kubanza guterwa ibiterwa bisiga
uburyohe mu rusi nk'ivyatsi vya Gwatemala ( Guatemala
grass).
Ivyatsi vya Gwatemala
6
Iyo hatanguye kuboneka ibivyimba ku giti canke
ku mababi y'icayi, ico ni ikimenyetso
c'indwara ya fomobuzis. Iyo ni indwara yinjirira aho
amababi canke igiti cakomerekejwe. Ushobora
gukomeretsa igiti n'isuka iyo uriko urabagara, canke igiti
kigakomeretswa n'imbeba canke imfuku.
Amababi
atanguye gusa
n'umuhondo
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Kurwanya Fomobuzis (Phomopsis) canke ibivyimba vy'igiti
igiti gifise ibivyimba
Kugirango urwanye iyi ndwara, utegerezwa gutema ibiti
n'amababi vyose vyanduye hanyuma ubiturire. Guturira
biremewe kuri iyi ndwara yo nyene, kuko nibwo buryo
bwonyene buhari bwo kuyirwanya. Iyo uturiye, menya ko
utegerzwa kuba hafi, uraba ko umuriro udatandukira ahandi.
Guturira amababi
arwaye fomobusis
Kwirinda iyo ndwara ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bwihanganira iyo
ndwara iyo ugiye gutera icayi. Utegerezwa no kwirinda
gukoresha isuka iyo uriko urabagara icayi, kuko ishobora
gukomeretsa imizi y' igiti c'icayi
Kurwanya Ipogisilo (Hypoxylon) canke kubora kw'amashami
Ipogisilo ni indwara ifata amashami y'icayi. Amashami yanduye atangura kubora, akazana
ibihurushi vyirabura ku rukoba. Kurwanya Ipogisilo, ni ugutema amashami yanduye
hanyuma ugasiga ku bikomere umuti urwanya udukoko w'umuringa (copper-based
fungicide). Iyo urimwo urakata icayi, utegerezwa kugikatira hejuru y'urugero rw'amavi (60
cm) kugirango agakoko gatera iyi ndwara ntigashike ku bikomere vy'igiti.
Igiti cose carwaye ipogisilo
Ibihurushi vyirabura
7
Helopelitis ( insazi y'icayi)
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Iyo nsazi inunuza amababi mato y'icayi acoroshe, igasiga ibizinga vy'igitare ku mababi
kubera amate yayo. Amababi yandujwe niyo nsazi akura nabi nabi.
Helopelitis (insazi y'icayi)
Ibabi ryanunujwe na Helopelitis
Amababi y'icayi yandujwe na Helopelitis
Kurwanya helopelitis birasaba kuvanaho
amababi yoroshe yose akiri mato hanyuma
mu murima hagasigara amababi akomeye
gusa. Ubu buryo nibwo bita “ gutipinga”. Iyo
uvanyeko amababi yoroshe yose ashobora
kugaburira Helopelitis, ukwanduza kwiyo nsazi
y'icyayi kuragabanuka.
Ukuvanako amababi yoroshe yose akiri
Imbaragasa (Aphids)
Amababi yatewe n'udusurira
8
Uburyo bwo kwirinda helopelitis ni
uguhitamwo ubwoko bw'icayi burinda iyo nsazi
iyo ugiye kurima icayi bwa mbere.
Imbaragasa ni udukoko turya amababi
yoroshe akiri mato y'icayi. Kwimbura kenshi gashoboka no
kugabanya igihe co kwimbura umara hagati y'umwimbu
n'uwundi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imbaragasa.
Agasurira ni umwansi
w'imbaragasa. Udusurira turya
imbaragasa bigatuma
zitagwira. Iyo rero uteye imiti
iva mu mahinguriro ushaka
kwica imbaragasa n'udusurira
ntidusigara. Kudatera iyo miti
bituma utica udusurira natwo
tukagufasha kurwanya
imbaragasa.
Agasurira karya imbaragasa
Mayite (Mites)
Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo
kurwanya ivyonyi
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mayite, hari
ubusa n'igitare, ubutukura, n'ubundi.
Amababi yatewe na mayite ahindura ibara
agasa n'umuringa
Amababi yafashwe na mayite itukura
Umurima watewe na mayite itukura
Ibiti bitarwaye kandi bikomeye bifise ubuzima bishobora
kurinda indwara ya mayite. Gushiramwo ifumbire igihe
kandi ugafumbira neza bituma igiti kigira ubuzima,
kigakomera.
Gutera ubwoko bw'icyayi burinda mayite navyo bituma
urwanya iyo ndwara.
Gufumbira ku gihe kandi ugafumbira neza
Reka turinde imirima yacu ivyonyi n'indwara mu
buryo buramba kandi tunabona ibiti vy'icayi
vyiza bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu
9
Igice ca 2
Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti
ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi
Abarimyi bafise urupapuro ntibarekuriwe gukora imirimo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo canke
ubw' abandi bantu. Nimba ukoresha imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu murima wawe w'imboga
canke ibitungwa vyawe, iyo miti itegerzwa gukoreshwa mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima
bwawe, ubwo umuryango wawe nubwo ababanyi bawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Imyambaro y'umuntu wese mu kwirinda (PPE)
Ntivyemewe gutera umuti uva mu
mahinguriro utambaye
imyambaro yabigenewe yo kwirinda
(PPE) kubera ko:
ushobora kumira iyo miti biciye mu
kanwa no mu mazuru
Iyo ipompo yawe iva umuti
ushobora gutotesha impuzu
zawe hanyuma umubiri
ukanduzwa n'iyo miti
Intoke zawe zishobora gutoteshwa
n'uwo muti ukakwinjiramwo
Menya Neza:
Iyi ngingo irakomeye.
Kutayubahiriza, bishobora
Gutuma ubura urupapuro.
Nimba utambaye ibirato, umuti
ushobora kwinjira no mu birenge
vyawe
Akayungiro
kayungurura Imiti
(Akayungurura ivumbi
ntikayungurura imiti)
Umwambaro
ukingira amaso
Ikoti ry'imvura
canke igikingira
umugongo
Akayungiro
k'ivumbi
Impuzu idatoteshwa n'
amazi
Utegerezwa Kwibuka
ko ibice vy'umubiri
vyose bitegerezwa gufukwa
10
Ibirato vya nilo
wambara kun
toke kugira
bizikingire
Ibirato vy'ingamiya
bitinjirwamwo n'imiti
Umwambaro wo hasi ukozwe n'udukuko twa plasitike (ushobora
kongerwako mu gihe rya koti ry'imvura ridafuka neza amaguru)
Menya Neza: ushobora gukoresha mu rugo rwawe umufuko wa
plasitike utavuyemwo imiti uva mu mahinguriro. Ntugakoreshe
n'imifuko yavuyemwo amafumbire ava mu mahinguriro
Kwambara impuzu yo kwikingira yabigenewe (PPE) ntibikenewe gusa iyo uriko uratera
imiti mu mboga zawe ahubwo biranakenewe niyo uriko uratera umuti ibitungwa vyawe
canke ushira ifumbire mu murima wawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Iyo uriko ushiramwo
ifumbire, ugomba
kwambara uturato
dukingira intoke,
ibirato n'impuzu
ipfuka hose
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikamwo imiti
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi iyo ubitse imiti iva mu
mahinguriro mu nzu?
Imyuka mibi ituruka mu bubiko bwayo iraza ikonona
ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Imiti iva mu ma
hinguriro
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu gikoni, abantu bo mu
muryango wawe, bashobora kwibesha bakayishira
mu biribwa batazi ko ari imiti y'ubumara
guriro
ahin
a mu m
Imiti iv
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu cumba,
abana bashobora kuyifata
bakayinywa, bazi ko ari amazi
canke ikindi kinyobwa
Imiti iv
a mu
mahin
guriro
Nimba wabitse iyo miti ahantu huguruye hadafunze,
abana bashobora kuyifata bakayikinisha, canke
umuntu wo hanze akayiba.
Imiti iva mu
mahingurir
o
Ingaruka zo kutabika imiti neza, zirakomeye kandi
zishobora kuvamwo urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu
muryango wawe.
11
Ni vyiza kugura umuti uca ukoresha ako kanya ku buryo atawusigara ngo uwubike mu
nzu yawe. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko ubika umuti wasigaye aho ubaye, ushobora
guhitamwo mu buryo bukurikira bwo kubikamwo iyo miti iva mu mahinguriro ata ngaruka
bigiriye wewe ubwawe n'umuryango wawe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
1. Uko ingana nuko imeze
Nimba ushaka kubika umuti uri mu ma cupa, si ngombwa ko wubaka icumba c'ububiko.
Ku murimyi muto asanzwe, ahantu hato harakwiye kugirango habikemwo iyo miti.
Nk'akarorero ashobora gusatura ingunguru, agakoresha ikindi cuma cose gishaje, canke
agaturu k'inkoko gashaje katagikoreshwa mu kubika ya miti iva mu mahinguriro. Ubu
bubiko bwose twavuze haruguru ntibutegerezwa kuba buri mu nzu imbere.
Ububiko bwubatswe mu ngunguru
2. Ibikoresho bitononwa
n'amazi
Ushobora kwiyubakira ububiko
ukoreshejeje ibikoresho biri hafi
ariko bitononwa n' amazi.
Igisenge gitegerezwa kuba
cubatswe neza kandi kitava. Iyo
ushatse gukoresha imbaho,
utegerezwa gukoresha
ubumwanya ukazipfuka kugira
imiti iva ntitonyangire kuri izo
Imbere mu bubiko bwubatwe
n'imbaho hakingiriwe n'ubumwanya
3. Ukwugara
Ububiko butegerezwa kuba bwugaye neza
n'igufuri, ahasigaye urupfunguruzo rukaba
rubitswe ahantu heza hizigiwe. Ni vyiza
kuhugaza igufuri kugira ngo abana canke
abandi bantu ntibahugurure ngo batware iyo
miti ihabitswe.
4. Icapa c'ukugabisha.
Gerageza ushire icapa co kugabisha ku
bubiko bwawe kugira ngo uwo ariwe
wese amenye ko habitswe imiti ishobora
kwica ubuzima bw'abantu.
12
Ububiko bwubatswe mu ki nyankoko
Ingazi y'urubaho ijako imiti
ipfukishijwe akamwanya.
Ugukingira ibiterwa vy'imiti n'ibiti canke ivyatsi
Iyo uteye imiti utegerezwa kumenyako abantu baca i ruhande y'umurima batokwanduzwa
n'ubumara buva mu murima. Kugira ngo twirinde gutemba kw'imiti iva mu murima ni vyiza
gutera ibiti canke ivyatsi. Uruzitiro rurabungabunga igwirirana ry'ibinyabuzima mu murima
wawe.
Uruzitiro
rw'ivyatsi canke
ibiti
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
imiti ivuye mu
mahinguriro budafise
ingaruka mbi
Umurima
w'icayi
Uruzitiro
rw'ivyatsi canke
ibiti
Umurima
w'icayi
Umurima
w'icayi
Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Umwanya uri hagati y'uburaro
bw'abantu n'ahategerezwa kurimwa
Akaba umuryango wawe canke abakozi bawe baba aho umurima uri, ni ngombwa ko hoba
umwanya hagati y'uburaro n'umurima. Iyo umurima w'icayi canke izindi ndimo zo mw'itongo
vyegereye amazu, canke abana bakinira hafi y'iyo mirima, bazokwanduzwa ni miti itemba
iva muri ya mirima. Kugirango uvyirinde ni vyiza gusiga umwanya canke ukubaka uruzitiro
rw'ibiti canke ivyatsi iruhande y'iyo mirima.
Umurima w'icayi iruhande y'inzu
y'uburaro
Umwanya hagati y'imirima n'uburaro
13
Igice ca 3
Ugutunganya imyanda
Imyanda ishobora kutugirira akamaro, mu gihe
itunganijwe neza. Ariko iyo ida tunganijweneza,
ishobora kwonona impwemu, amazi n'isi yo mu
murima wawe. Iyo utiriye ubumwanya, canke
uducupa twavuyemwo imiti, imyotsi ivamwo
ishobora kwonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Reka dutunganye imyanda mu buryo bukwiye
kugirango tugire imirima irangwamwo isuku
n'amagara meza.
Ugutunganya imyanda
Guturira imyand
Ugutunganya imyanda ibora
a ntivyemewe
Imyavu yo mu gikoni n'imyavu y'ibitungwa
ishobora gushirwa muri nyabarega ikavyara
ifumbire. Iyo wayishize muri nyabarega
utegerezwa kwibuka ko utegerezwa
kuyihindukiza mu ndwi 2-3 kugira ngo hinjiremwo
akayaga, ubushuhe bwongerekane bitume
n'ifumbire ibora neza.
Gutunganya imyavu y- ubumwanya n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti
Imyavu y-ubumwanya- n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti itegerezwa kuvangurwa n-iyindi
myavu igakoranirizwa hamwe. Uducupa twavuyemwo imiti dutegerezwa kwozwa
incuro zitatu hanyuma ukatumenagura imbere yo kudukoraniriza hamwe. Tumaze
kwegeranywa uwurongoye umugwi ategerezwa kutujana ahantu mu buryo
budashobora kwanduza ibidukikije.
Ntidutegerezwa kurekerwa mu
murima.
Igice c-ingunguru co gushiramwo
ubumwanya canke uducupa.
Umufuko w-uducupa twavuyemwo
imiti.
Umupfuko w-imyanda ya plastike
14
Igice ca 4
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima
Nimba ufise mu murima wawe hamwe mu hantu hameze nk'aha hakurikira, ico
ikinyabuzima gikeneye gukingirwa
Aho hantu hose havuzwe hategerezwa
gukingirwa kuberako ko habitse ibinyabuzima
vy-ubwoko bwose, hanyuma guhomba ahantu
nkaho bituma haba ihungababana rikomeye ryibidukikije, nko guhomba ibinyabuzima biriko
birahona, n-amoko y-ibiti cimeza, nko gutera
inkukura canke kwanduza amazi. Ni co gituma
ahantu nkaho hadategerezwa kurimwa ngo
haterwe icayi.
Menya neza:
Birabujijwe guca, guhiga no kurima
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Ahantu hari ibiti cimeza
Ahantu hari ibikoko canke ivyatsi n-ibiti biriko
birahona.
Imyonga n-inzuzi
Ibishanga
Ama park n-ahandi aho ari hose hagendurwa na
Leta y-uburundi.
Guhonya ibinyabuzima
ni urufatiro rukomeye
rwotuma ubura urupapuro
Ku mvo zo gukingira aha hantu, ntibirekuwe kwirukana, guhiga ibikoko vyo mw-ishamba,
kurima canke ngo upompe imiti aho hantu hakingiwe
Ibi bitegerezwa kumenyeshwa umuryango wawe wose n-abakozi ukoresha.
15
Gutera ibiti cimeza
Mu buryo bwo gukingira uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima vy-ahantu hakingiye, ushobora gutera
ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima, irunhande y-imigezi y-amazi n-ahandi hose hari imitumba
ihanamye. Ni vyiza gutera ibiti vy-ishamba, atari ibiti vyazanywe n-abazungu kuko ibiti
cimeza nivyo usanga bimenyereye isi n-ibirere vyacu kandi bigashobora kubika uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Ushobora kwitegurira wewe nyene amatuta
uteramwo imivyaro.
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Gutera ibiti cimeza
Ubwoko bw'ibiti cimeza
buboneka muri
Afrika y-ubuseruko
Podokrupusi
Umwungo
Umurinzi
Umuhate
Umugano
Umuvumu
Ahantu hahanamye haterwa ibiti cimeza.
Gutera ivyatsi canke ibiti bikoreshwa nk-imbago
Ni vyiza gutera imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti hagati y-ahantu hakingiwe kugirango ubuze imiti
yapompwe mu mirima kujana ha hantu hakingiwe. Birafasha no kugira ngo imirimo ukorera
mu burimyi itabangamira aho hantu hakingiwe.
Ibishanga
16
Imbago z-ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Ishamba
Umurima
Umurima
Imbago z-ivyatsi
canke ibiti
Guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima
Iyo ibikoko n-inyoni vyo mw-ishamba biva ahantu bija ahandi, bikeneye kugenda bica mu
mashamba adafatanye kuko yagiye aratandukanywa n-imirima, ibikoko ntishobora
gutembera uko bishatse. Iyo umugezi w-amazi udafatanye n-ishamba ibikoko ntibishobora
kuwugeramwo.
Kwishira n-ukwizana mu ruja n-uruza rw-ibikoko n-inyoni.
Kutagira
umwidegemvyo
Kutagira
umwidegemvyo
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima.
Fatanya amashamba aho ibikoko n-inyoni bishobora gutembera mu mwidegemvyo.
Amashamba yahonejwe agatandukanywa n-imirima bigatuma ibikoko n-inyoni
Mu guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima,
ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande zimirima yawe ugahuza n-udushamba
dutoduto twagiye turasigara canke gukingira
udushamba dusanzwe tuhari.
Udushamba dutoduto twagiye turahuzwa.
17
Igice ca 5
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi
Amazi ni igihambaye ku buzima bw-abantu n-ibikoko. Muri iki gice twigira hamwe ukuntu
twobungabunga amazi akaguma ari meza n-ukuntu twokingira amasoko y-amazi.
Kuosha vifaa
Inyuma yo gupompa imiti, ukeneye ibikoresho vyawe
n-ivyambarwa vyawe (PPE] amazi yakoreshejwe mu
kuvyoza aba arimwo ubumara, nico gituma ashobora
kwonona ibidukikije iyo adatunganijwe neza.
Ibikoresho ntibitegerezwa kwogerezwa mu
nzuzi, mu myonga, canke mu bidengeri
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Iyo upomfye imiti mu murima wawe wimboga ogereza ibikoresho mu
murima wawe, ni waheza amazi
Iyo upomfye imiti ibitungwa, ogereza
ibikoresho mu kinogo cabigenewe. Ico
kinogo gitegerezwa kwuzuzwamwo
amakara afasha kumimina amazi.
Birabujijwe guca ibiti cimeza
ubikuramwo amakara.
Icobo cuzuyemwo amakara
Wibuke kandi no kumesura impuzu zigukingira iyo utera imiti
(PPE]. Amazi wakoresheje umesura uyasese aho twakubwiye.
Indobo ikoreshwa gusa mu
kuyogerezamwo ibikoresho gusa
18
Imicafu y-amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo
Kumesurira ivyambarwa mu myonga bituma
yononekara. Gusesa amazi wakoresheje yo mu gikoni
vyonona ibidukikije kandi bikorora imibu. Amazi
yakoreshejwe mu rugo nayo ategerezwa gutunganywa
neza.
Amazi yakoreshejwe
Gusesa amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo mu
mufurege wimbwe mu murima uri inyuma
y-urugo.
Umuv
Imitsinda y-ibitoke
Amateke
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Iyo urugero rw-amazi akoreshwa mu rugo ari ruto,
ashobora guseswa mu mufurege inyuma y-urugo
iruhande y-uwo mufurege ushobora kuhatera ibitoke
canke amateke kuko bishobora kunywa amazi ku
buryo bworoshe.
Iyo witegereje amazi atega mu murima, usanga ari amazi acafuye ari
menshi cane kugira isi iyanywe canke ibigize iyo si n-ibiyiranga
bidatuma ayo mazi ashobora kwinjira ngo anyengetere muri iyo si. Iyo
bimeze gutyo ushobora gushira umuringoti mu kuzimu ya mazi
agatemberamwo aho gutega hejuru.
Umuringoti
w'imetero imwe
19
Kurandura ibiti vy-imikaratusi biteye iruhande y-imyonga.
Ibiti vy-imikaratusi biduha inkwi zo gucana ariko iyo
bitewe iruhande y-ahantu hari amazi, inzuzi,
imyonga, canke amasoko y-amazi binywa amazi
menshi ku buryo aho hantu hashobora kwuma. Iyo
isoko canke umwonga vyumye bishobora gutera
ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw-umuryango wawe no ku
babanyi bawe muri rusangi. Dukeneye gukingira
amasoko y-amazi.
Ibiti vy-imikaratusi
Guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi bitewe iruhande y-umwonga.
Umwonga wumye kubera imikaratusi
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Inyuma yo guca ibiti vyimikaratusi umwonga
warasubiranye.
Kutarima iruhande y-imyonga
Ntivyemewe kurima icayi canke ibindi biterwa iruhande y-imyonga. Mu gihe ivyo ubipomfye
imiti ubumara bwayo bushobora kuja mu mazi bukayonona.
Kurima iruhande y-imyonga navyo bishobora gutuma inkukura ija mu mazi. Reka dupfuke
imyonge mu gutera ibibingo n-ibindi vyatsi canke mu kuhatera ibiterwa bitadusaba guhora
turima canke gushiramwo imiti.
a buja
Ubumar
i
mu maz
kukura
we n-in
si yatwa
I
20
Gutega amazi y-imvura
Amazi ni ingirakamaro mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukeneye kubika amazi akwiye mu buzima
bwacu bwa minsi yose. Gutega amazi y-imvura ni uburyo bufise akamaro kandi bworoshe
mukuronka amazi. Ushobora gutega amazi y-imvura ava ku nzu yawe akabikwa mu kigega
c-amazi. Ushobora gukoresha ayo mazi mu nzu. Ushobora no kuyakoresha mu kuyanywa
umaze kuyahingura canke ukayateka. Imvura ni isoko ry-amazi rikomeye. Nico gituma
dutegerezwa kumenya neza ingene tuyakoresha.
Kudata imicafu mu migezi y-amazi
Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi nti birekuwe. Dukeneye gukingira imigezi y-amazi bituma
amazi aguma ari meza ku nyungu z-ibikoko n-abantu.
Guta imicafu mu migezi
y-amazi ni imwe mu
ngingo zo kubuza
urupapuro utayubahirije
Uburyo bwo
kubungabunga amazi
Menya neza:
21
Igice ca 6
Uburyo bwo gukingira isi
Dukeneye gukingira isi mu ndimo nzacu kugira ntigume itwarwa n-inkukura.
Kurwanya inkukura
Ahantu iyo hahanamye isi iratwarwa igihe cose. Iyo utarwanije inkukura ibintu bishobora
kuguma biba nabi.
Kugirango urwanye inkukura, utegerezwa gutera ibibingo n-ibiti cimeza ahantu hose
ubona hashobora gutwarwa n-inkukura. Ibibingo bifata neza isi kandi bikagaburira nibitungwa.
Uburyo bwo gukingira isi
Ibibingo
Guturira ntibirekuwe
Guturira vyica intabire nudukoko dutodoto tuba mw-isi
dutuma ivyatsi bibora
bivamwo. Guturira mu
gutegura isi imbere yo kurima
ntivyemewe.
Menya neza:
Guturira umurima imbere
yo kurima n’ingingo ikubuza
urupapuro utazubahirije.
22
Impande z-imirima
zikikijwe n-ivyatsi canke
ibiti.
Igice ca 7
Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi
n-ahantu heza ho gukorera
Niwaba ukoresha abakozi mu murima bategerezwa gufatwa neza. Abakozi bakeneye
amagara meza n-ahantu heza ho gukorera.
Uburaro bw-abakozi
Iyo ufise abakozi mu murima wawe, reka turabe ko baba heza, kandi bafise amagara meza.
1. Ivyumba
Ivyumba abakozi baryamamwo n-imiryango yabo, ntibitegerezwa kuba bibikwamwo imiti,
amafumbire, amacupa canke imifuko iyo miti yavuyemwo. Ivyo vyumba ntibitegerezwa kuba
biva ku gisenge canke ku mpome.
2. Igikoni
Iyo igikoni kidafise aho imyotsi
isohokera, imyotsi iba iri mu
gikoni ishobora gutera
ingorane zikomeye z-amagara,
zikica amahaha n-amaso yabakozi n-imiryango yabo.
Igikoni gifise aho imyotsi
isohokera gikingira amagara yabakozi, kandi kigatuma
amagara yabo aguma ari
meza.
Imipfuko y-amafumbire ku bihome
Igisenge cononekaye kandi kiva
Umwotsi w-itabi
Umukozi abangamiwe n-umwotsi
w-itabi uva mu vyumba.
3. Utuzu twa surwumwe
Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba
harimwo.
akazu ka surwumwe gafise isuku
Igikoni ca kijambere gifise aho imyotsi
isohokera. Ibi bituma igikoni gisa neza
kigakoresha n-inkwi nke.
Uburyo bwiza ku
bakozi n-ahantu
heza ho gukorera
Imiti n-amafumbire mu vyumba
23
4. Aho bamesera
Mu rugo rw-abakozi
hategerezwa kuba hariho
aho bamesera impuzu.
Kumesera impuzu mu mugezi
Ahateguriwe kumesera impuzu
Gutanga amazi yo kunywa
Abakozi baba canke bakorera mu
murima wawe bategerezwa kuronka
amazi meza yo kunywa. Utegerezwa
kuba igihe cose watetse amazi canke
wayagiriye isuku kugirango abakozi
bashobore kunywa amazi meza.
Ibikorwa vy-abana mu murima
Kirazira gutanga akazi ku
mwana ari mu nsi y-imyaka
15 ngo akore nk-umukozi.
• Munsi y-imyaka 15
• yahawe akazi nk-umukozi
• Ntashobora kuja kw-ishure
• Kubera akazi yahawe
Menya:
Uburyo bwiza ku
bakozi n-ahantu
heza ho gukorera
kudatanga akazi ku
mwana ari munsi y-imyaka15
ni ingingo yokubuza
kuronka urupapuro utayubahirije.
24
Abana bari munsi y-imyaka
15 bashobora gufasha
imiryango yabo mu bikorwa
bitandukanye mu gihe cose
bitabuza kuja kw-ishure mu
ngihe c-umutaga kandi
bakaba badakora ibikorwa
bibavuna canke bibagirira
ingaruka mbi.
Ashobora gufasha mu murima mu gihe co nyene
atari kwi-shure.
Igice ca 8
Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima
Kubika inyandiko
Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima wawe igirirwa inyandiko ikabikwa. Iyo ubitse
inyandiko y-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima, ushobora kwibuka ibikorwa vyose vyakozwe mu
gihe giheze ugatako ugashobora no kugira imigambi yo kurushirizaho.
Iyo baravye izo nyandiko abagenduzi bo hanze no mu gihugu nabo bashobora kubona
uburyo wafashe umurima wawe.
Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora kwerekana ku rugero rw-umurima:
Gupompa imiti iva mu mahinguriro
Gupompa imiti
Abakozi bahawe akazi i
Kwinjiza abakozi
Gutera ibiti
Umwimbu.
Ivyo wokwandika mu gutera
imiti n-amasey’ikizungu:
• Umurima
• Italiki
• Izina ry-umuti
• umwimbu
• urupimo rw-umuti namafumbire
• Izina ry-uwapomfye
• Ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe
Ivyo wokwandika
mu gukarisha ubwenge
bw’abakozi:
•
•
•
•
•
Igenekerezo
Inyigisho zatanzwe
Izina ry-umwigisha
Amazina y-abigishijwe
Imikono y-abigishijwe
Ivyo wo kwandika
mu guha akazi abakozi:
•
•
•
•
•
Igenekerezo
Izina
Akazi ako ariko
Amasaha y-akazi
Umushahara
Gukwirikirana
Abarimyi n-ishirahamwe ryabo ntibategerezwa kuvanga icayi cahawe urupapuro gikeneye
kuvangurwa mu nzira zose zo kdandazwa; aho kugurirwa ku ma hangar, mu mamodokari
aho gihingurirwa mu ruganda, kugera no kugipakira mu mipfuko imbere yo kugitwara ku
masoko.
Menya neza:
Uburyo bwo
gukingira umurima
Kutavangura icayi caronse
urupapuro n-ikitararuronka
ni ingingo yo kubuza
kuronka urupapuro uwutayubahirije.
Kuvangura mu ma
modoka icayi caronse
urupapuro.
Kuvangura icayi mu
ruganda
Icayi gifise urupapapuro
ukwaco kigira ikimenyetso
kikiranga.
25