BEATRICE STRUGGLE AGAINST INHUMANITY IN VERONICA ROTH'S NOVEL ALLEGIANT.

BEATRICE STRUGGLE AGAINST INHUMANITY IN VERONICA

ROTH’S NOVEL

ALLEGIANT

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Art and Humanities

Statae Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Isti’anatuz Zumaroh

Reg.Number : A03212044

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ART AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

2016

ABSTRACT

Zumaroh, Isti’anatuz. “Beatrice StruggleAgainst Inhumanity in Veronica Roth’s Novel Allegiant”, English Department, Faculty of Art and Humanities State Islamic University SunanAmpel Surabaya.

Advisor : Abu Fanani, M.Pd. Key Term : factions, inhumanity

In this study the researcher focused on one of literary works of Veronica Roth entitled Allegiant.This study aims to analyze the characterization and action of Beatrice as the main character in Allegiant novel. This study used new criticism theory as the main theory and psychology theory. New criticism theory to analyze the first problem statement and action theory to analyze the second problem statement. This study uses analytical approach as the base of study. The first is characterization analytical approach is used to analyze the character of Beatrice depicted in the novel. The second is used to analyze the struggle of Beatrice fight for cancels resetting memory.

There are several results of this research. First, this research shows that the character of Beatrice influenced what Beatrice does in her action against inhumanity. It is as a background of Beatrice’s attitude and Beatrice’s behaviour. Second, Beatrice success smashes memory serum in weapon lab. It means that she cancels resetting memory in all of experiment city. So, Beatrice finished her mission to save all of citizen in her motherland from resetting memory. If their memory loses, their live will lose too, and Beatrice does not want it. She willing dies to save their live.

ABSTRAK

Zumaroh, Isti’anatuz. “Beatrice StruggleAgainst Inhumanity In Veronica Roth’s Novel Allegiant”. Skripsi. Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora Universitas Negeri SunanAmpel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing : Abu Fanani, M.Pd. Kata Kunci : factions, inhumanity

Dalam studi ini peneliti fokus pada salah satu karya sastra Veronica Roth yang berjudul Allegiant. Adapun tujuan pemilitian ini adalah meneliti karakter dari tokoh utama dan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh tokoh utama yang terkandung di dalam novel. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kritik baru dan teori psikologi. Peneliti menggunakan teori kritik baru untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah yang pertama dan teori aksi untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah yang kedua.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analitis sebagai dasar penelitian. Yang pertama pendekatan analitis karakter yang digunakan untuk menganalisis karakter Beatrice sebagai tokoh utama yang di diskripsikan di dalam novel. Yang kedua pendekatan analitis untuk menganalisis perjuangan Beatrice menggagalkan penginstalan ulang memori masyarakat.

Berikut adalah beberapa hasil dari penelitian ini. Yang pertama, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter tokoh utama mempengaruhi perilaku Beatrice dalam aksinya melawan tindakan yang tidak berperi kemanusiaan. Karakter sebagai latarbelakang pola berfikir dan tindakan. Yang kedua, Beatrice berhasil

menghancurkan serum memory di laboratorium senjata milik biro kesehatan genetika. Ini berarti bahwa dia berhasil menggagalkan penginstalan ulang memori seluruh warga di semua kota experimen. Jadi, Beatrice menyelesaikan misinya untuk menyelamatkan semua penduduk pribumi dari penyetelan ulang memori. Jika memori seseorang hilang, maka hidupnya juga akan hilang, dan Beatrice tidak mau hal itu terjadi. Dia rela mati untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan penduduk.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Declaration Page ... ii

Dedication Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Advisor’s Approved Page ... v

Examiner’s Approval Page ... vi

Acknowledgment ... vii

Table of Contents ... x

Abstract ... xii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.Background of study ... 1

1.2.Statement of the Problem ... 8

1.3.Objective of the study ... 8

1.4.Scope and Limitation ... 8

1.5. Significance of the Study ... 8

1.6.Method of the study ... 9

1.7.Definition of key terms ... 10

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY AND RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 New Criticism ... 11

2.2. Character ... 12

2.2.1. Kinds of Character ... 14

2.3. Characterization ... 16

2.3.1. Kinds of Characterization ... 17

2.4. Psychoanalysis ... 17

2.5. Review of Related Studies ... 21

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS 3.1 The characterization of Beatrice described in Veronica Roth Allegiant ... 23

3.2 The action of Beatrice against inhumanity ... 31

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION ... 53

WORKS CITED ... 55

APPENDIX SYNOPSIS ... 59

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of Study

Literature is an expression of human’s feelings, thought, experience, and social fact. It is appropriate with the following opinion. According to Warren and Wellek (107), literature is the form of human creativity consisting idiom, idea, feeling, spirit, and experience using the language as the media and having positive impact to life. Long states that literature is one of the methods to apprehend the whole world through our imagination. Thus, literature is expression of human imagination, thought, emotions, experience poured into beautiful words (Long: 8).

Further, literature constitutes a reflection of life fact. Literary work can be used as the reflection or condition when and where the literary work was made. According to Edward H. Jones. Jr (1) literature is simply another way we can experience the world around us through our imagination. It means literature gets from human daily life or portrait of human life and imagination or in accordance with thoughts and experiences. By creating literary work the author can entertain people and make the reader enjoy the story. Besides, literary work give information, and knowledge about life and moral teaching.

There are many kinds of literary works, such as novel, drama, poetry, and short story. Eagleton (7) states that literature is classified into three categories:

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poems, plays and novels.One of the literary works is novel. Novel is a fiction which has elements such as plot, theme, character, setting, point of view. Usually it is containing about forty five thousand words or more. Novel also expresses several aspect of human’s love and existence because novel tells about activities of human and tells about what happened in surrounding (Kenney, 103).

According to Sora, novel usually tells about human life in their interaction with the environment and each other. In a novel, the author usually makes every effort to direct the reader to the various descriptions of the reality of life through the story contained in the novel.

<http://www.pengertianku.net>

Thus, novel is the author aims to introduce their idea; they want to introduce to the readers about the idea of several description of social reality through the story of the novel. For instance, one of novel which bases on the ideas of social reality isAllegiant.

Allegiant is a novel written by Veronica Roth.Allegiantis the last novel of trilogy divergent series. It was published in 2013. It is science fiction; dystopia, romance and young-adult novel.Allegiantis the top-selling book on Amazon and is number two on Barnes & Noble. <http://m.csmonitor.com>

Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and describes the impact of science or technology on people. Thus, Science Fiction is fiction that describes the effect of science or technology on societies. Further, a science fiction story

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must be set in contrast to a society significantly different from our own usually, but not necessarily, because of some modification in the level of science and technology or it is not a science fiction story.

<http://www.treitel.org>

Dystopian is genres of literature that explore social and political structures. Thus, dystopian is a futuristic, imagined universe in which

oppressive societal control and the illusion of a perfect society are maintained through corporate, bureaucratic, technological, moral, or totalitarian control. <http://www.readwritethink.org>

Romance is type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.Thus, romance is a literary genre that focuses on the romantic relationship between the hero and the heroine.<http://www.bookcountry.com>

Young adult novel is for readers aged between 12 and 18, although many adults are known to enjoy the genre as well. The conflicts the characters go through are relevant to teens. The protagonist as well as the majority of the key characters in that age group as well. The protagonist is close to the experiences in the book the story is not told with the hindsight of adulthood. <http://www.bookcountry.com>

Veronica Roth is the author of numerous bestselling novels, including the one of New York time best seller,Allegiant. Veronica Roth was born on August 1988 in New York City. She was from German and Polish descent.

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She was the youngest of three children. Her parents divorced when she was five years old. She grew up in Barrington because her mother, Barbara Ross was a painter who resided in Barrington. Roth graduated from Barrington High School. After studying a year of college at Carleton College, she transferred to Northwestern University for its creative writing program. She has written Divergent trilogy.Divergenttrilogy contains Insurgent and

Allegiant.Veronica Roth’s novels won Favorite Young Adult Fantasy &

Science fiction and author of 2012 in 2012’s GoodreadsChoice Awards.<http://www.britannica.com>

Allegiant is a masterpiece of trilogy divergent.Allegiantis the deadly of

Divergentseries, becauseAllegiantreveal the secret that is hidden and does

not explore inDivergentandInsurgent.

In the first series, Divergent, have a lot of telling about faction system applied there. Faction system is system of government, which is classifying society based on their personality. Society is divided into five factions, each dedicated to the cultivation of a particular virtue. There are Candor (the honest), Abnegation (the selfless), Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the peaceful), and Erudite (the intelligent).

On an appointed day of every year, all sixteen-year-olds must select the faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. For Beatrice, the decision is between staying with her family and being who she really is she can't have both. So she makes a choice that surprises everyone, including herself. Then, Beatrice chooses Dauntless and renames herself “Tris” and

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struggles alongside her fellow initiates to live out the choice they have made. And as she discovers unrest and growing conflict that threaten to unravel her seemingly perfect society, she also learns that her secret might help her save those she loves or it might destroy her.

The second series,Insurgentis for create reconciliation, for saving Chicago society without care their faction. In this series more explore about loyalty, coming of treason, and credibility. Tris and Four are hunted by Jeanine the leader of the power-hungry erudite elite. Her mission Jeanine Matthews, Erudite leader is kidnapping divergent and using them to discover a secret that she believes will destroy the divergent. Tris and Four lead the divergent outcast against Erudite, but this time they must form an alliance with various factions in order to defeat Erudite. Racing against time, they must find out what Tris’s family sacrificed their lives to protect, and why the erudite leaders will do anything to stop them. Haunted by her past choices but desperate to protect the ones she loves. Tris, with Four at her side, faces one impossible challenge after another as they unlock the truth about the past and ultimately the future of their world because Tris is the one and only believed to hold the key to this mystery (reveal a box secret).

Meanwhile, the last series,Allegiantreveal the riddle of the first and the second series.Allegiantanswer the riddle of divergent. It reveals a secret of faction system fabrication, and also clears about the reason and the aims of it.

Allegianttell clearly about divergent character as complete as possible that

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Allegiant starts from the jailed of the main character and her friend because they take pains to reveal the Edith Prior video to citizen. It is reputed as criminal action. The video tells about the truth of faction system and tell that any civilization in the outside of the city and invite everybody to stay there. The video make some citizen still believe in faction system and also reject to live without faction system by Evelyn as the leader of the city.

Afterwards, emerging the new faction namelyAllegiantby Johanna Reyes. The main character and her friend free from the jail because they proved not guilty. They are chosen by Johanna Reyes to wander into outside of the city to reveal the truth of the video and to reveal what the meaning of it including what happened behind this incident. Finally the main character goes outside of the city and finds life there, namelyBureau Of Genetic

Welfare.Finally the main character knows about inhumanity acted by David

to get Pure genetic from the city. David use the city as trial city to make pure genetic but with inhumanity way. Than the main character struggles against inhumanity although she must lose her life.

Related to this research, the writer makes analysis in the main character’s struggle against inhumanity. Inhumanity here is the conflict that must be finished by the main character, she fights to the death. Because main

character is the most important part in the story and appears continually from the beginning until the end of the story which makes it occupy the central position in the story. The writer also discussed about the main character discharge inhumanity, especially the writer describe about the action of main

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character against atrocity until she died. The novel was chosen because it brings a lot of meaningful knowledge of life. It shows that the character’s life is meaningful, because she was a hero of the city. So, this novel told us about help each other, care, and love motherland. Because she willing sacrifice for save citizen in her motherland. This is the background as well as one reason why this topic is analyzed in this study.

So in this case the researcher is interested in analyzing the main character that has a divergent character inAllegiantnovel, with the title“Beatrice

Struggle Against Inhumanity in Veronica Roth Allegiant”.

1.2.Problems of Study

From the research background above, this study raises the following questions:

1.2.1. How is the characterization of Beatrice describedin the novel? 1.2.2. How is Beatrice against inhumanity described in the novel ? 1.3.Objective of Study

Dealing with the research question above this study has an objective that can be stated as follows:

1.3.1.To describe character and characterization of Beatrice 1.3.2.To know action of Beatrice against inhumanity 1.4.Scope and Limitation

In order to prevent non-relevant problems, the study will be limited to the novel ofAllegiantonly.The scope then focuses onthe main character,

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characterization, and her action against inhumanity that represented in the novel. It is analyzed through the expression, a way of thinking, dialogue, and action of the main character.

1.5.Significance of Study

Furthermore, this study will also enrich the reader’s comprehension on main character’s struggle against inhumanity. This study is also expected to be useful especially for the students of literature, especiallyfor student English Letter Department in State University of Islamic Studies Sunan Ampel Surabaya to know an example of New Criticism theory application in analyzing a literary work. Moreover, this research can give significant contribution for future researchers who are interested to do research like this study.

1.6.Method of Study

In this research the researcher uses descriptive analytic method.

Descriptive research is the type of research question design and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic. Jeff Bertolucci state that descriptive analytics is the simplest class of analytics. The purpose of descriptive analytics is to summarize what happened. Descriptive studies primarily concerned with finding out "what is," that contains in the novel.

<http://www.informationweek.com>

This chapter discusses how the research is conducted. It involves four main sub chapters consisting of research design, source of data, procedure of data collection, and procedure of data analysis.

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1.6.1. Research Design

In analyzing the data, the writer intends to use qualitative research by elaborating the dialogues, plots, actions, events, and conflicts found in the novel. This research usesAllegiantnovel. Thus, through qualitative research in this study wants to get a valid description and explanation about

“Beatrice Struggle Against Inhumanity in Veronica Roth Allegiant”.

1.6.2.Source of Data

The researcher collect the data based on the library research and also e-book. The main source of the data is the novel it self. It is caused the focus of this thesis is a literature work in the form of novel. Review and critics about the novel will also be a helpful source on the analysis. Besides, the writer also collects data and printed materials about the theory used in this study. Some information is also gathered by browsing some sites from the internet which is related to the topic of the study and from related books, articles, journals, and online resources, especially about new criticism theory, character characterization theory and psychology theory.

1.6.3. Procedure of Data Collection

The writer will read the novel and scan the events as a major foundation that will be analyzed. Then, after it has been completed, The writer will collect the data and inputs that are related to the novel.

1.6.4. Procedure of Data Analysis

After doing those previous steps, the writer will arrange them so that the writer will gain a good understanding about the novel and the issues that

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will be analyzed. After collecting the data, the writer analyzing the data collected by firstly categorizing them into two points, dealing with the statement of problems. Then, the first point is analyzed using new criticism theory and the second point using action theory, which refers to the

objectives of the study. And the last making conclusion based on the result of data analysis.

1.7.Definition of Key term

To avoid any different perceptions between the writer and the readers in understanding the study, it is essential to give some definition of key terms used in this study. Here are the key terms explained:

1.7.1. Inhumanity : a situation without kindness, pity and not caring about the suffering of other people (Oxford dictionary, 229).

1.7.2. Faction : system of government, that is classifying society based on their personality (Divergent,8).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY AND RELATED LITERATURE This research data is analyzed using some theories. The writer explains about the theories that are going to be used to analyze Beatrice as the main character inAllegiant. In analyzing this object, the New Criticism which discusses about character and characterization cannot be separated one another. The researcher uses the theory of New Criticism to explain the character and to find out the answer of the first statement of problem, and uses Theory of psychology to analyze the second statement of problem.

2.1. New Criticism

American New Criticism emerges in the 1920s and especially becomes dominant in the 1940s and 1950s. New Criticism is clearly characterized in idea and practice. It means that new criticism does not focus on historical contextual, biographical, intellectual and so on. It is focus on the text itself (Selden: 18). So, new criticism pays attention to the draft of the literary works. Literary work becomes an independent object description; it means that it does not consider any external factors of the literary work itself.

Tyson says that new criticism is the main tools in analysis, and it is to reveal the true meaning of a text based on the text itself. It means that new criticism focuses on the story based on the text only in the novel, and it does not need author’s background, the political issue at the time of a certain literary work created, etc (Tyson,135).

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New criticism focuses its analysis on the literary text, instead of the author’s life and time (Tyson 136). Further Tyson explains that new critics believe that a literary text is sometimes more meaningful and complex than its author intention. The text’s meaning could be dissimilar with the meaning which is constructed by the author (137).

From Tyson’s starting point, the writer decides to explore the thesis analysis by applying new criticism theory which is focused on the character and characterization.

2.2. Character

Character is one of the basic components of a story. It always emerges in a story as it is a must for the author creates to characters in their literary work. As what Potter (1) says that characters are the basic elements in much of imaginative literature, and therefore they merit the considerable attention which is paid to them. It means that character is the important element of a certain literary work that constructs the story.

According to Edgar V. Robert’s book,Writing Themes About Literature, character in literature is an comprehensive verbal representation of human being, the inside self that decides thought, speech, and behavior (65). So,

through dialogue, action, and suggests of the details of character’s personalities, will help readers to analyze and make a conclusion about a character’s strength and qualities.

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Generally, character is a comprehensive verbal representation of human being and the inner self that determines speech, thought, and behavior. Through dialogue and action, authors capture some of the interactions of character and circumstance (Roberts :134). In a specific opinion, character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work.

Sometimes, the author raises a character in a story in the form of animal or even a thing. Somehow, the animal or the thing which appear as the character in the story will have a personality behavior, and attitude as human being has. It is because the character is actually the symbol of human being include his attitude, behavior, and personality of character which is understood by the readers. This idea is also supported by Holman (81) which states that character is a

complicated term that includes the idea of the moral constitution of the human personality, the presence of moral uprightness and the simpler idea of the presence of creatures in art that seem to be human beings of one sort or another.

Further, Abrams states in Nurgiyantoro (165) that character is a person that is exposed in a story, which is understood by the readers, and it has a moral quality and a certain tendencies signified by his/her speech and action.

From the definitions above, it can be concluded that character is a basic element in a literary works. It is mostly presented in the form of creature such as human being, animal, etc. Besides, it always has a specific moral quality and tendency. Without characters, a story will be nonsense.

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The presence of character in a certain literary works is a must due to a reason that it is the basic element of literary work itself. Although literary works likes novel always presents a character, many people get difficulty in

understanding the character. It is said by Perrine (83) that understanding

character is not easy. He said that character is much more complex. Anyone can repeat what a person has done in a story, but significant skill may be needed to describe what a person is (Perrine: 83). Therefore, character becomes the topics chosen by the researcher that will be discussed in the next chapter. It is expected that the writer's analysis toward character will ease other researcher in analyzing a character in a literary work.

2.2.1. Kinds of Character

Furthermore,Roberts inLiterature. An Introduction to Reading and Writingstate that there are two types of literary character: round and flat characters. Round character is dynamic character. A dynamic character is one who goes through some sort of change, they show character’s development. So, Round character can be called energetic and forceful character. Round

characterless are both individual and unpredictable, and they are central to literature. Meanwhile, flat character does not grow matter what happens. Flat characters are not individual, but rather useful, and they are usually minor and they were in the beginning, because they are not dynamic, but static.

On other hand, Kenney (46) says that characters are divided into two types, there are flat and round characters. The flat character is characterized by one or

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two traits. This kind of character be summarize in a sentences. A flat character usually has only one outstanding trait or feature, or at most a few distinguishing marks.

Otherwise, the round character is usually more realistic and complex and shows a true depth of personality. Round character is portrayed in greater depth and in more generous detail. It means that round characters play a big role in a story rather than a flat character. Round characters live by their roundness, by many topics at which they touch life (Perrine: 85).

Based on what Perrine says, it can be concluded that both round and flat characters are needed to be presented in a literary work like novel to make a good story. Although the round characters play a big role in developing a story, they are lame and weak without the existence of the flat characters.

On the other hand, Nurgiyantoro (177) says that based on the significance role in developing a story, character is divided into major and minor characters. Major or main character refers to character which appears in almost all or totally in the whole story. He or she is character which is mostly told and always related to other characters. On the other hand, minor character is character which appears only in some parts of the whole story and he or she is told less than major character. Minor characters may exist just when they are having correlation with the major characters.

Altenbernd and Lewis, state that based on the function, characters are divided into two types there are protagonist and antagonist character. A protagonist is a

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main character who generates the action of a story and engages the reader's interest and empathy. The protagonist is often the hero or heroine. The

protagonist is usually a well-developed character; in this way, he or she is more relatable. Thus, the opposite of the protagonist is the antagonist. An antagonist is a character who opposes the protagonist, he is a character which causes conflict.

The protagonist is the major character with whom we generally

sympathize, while the antagonist is the character with whom the protagonist is in conflict. The antagonist is generally not sympathetic (Stanford: 3).

2.3. Characterization

Richard in his bookMastering English Literaturestates that character refers to a person in literary work, while characterization is refers to the way in which a character is created (127). It means that reader can know the

personality of a person in a novel through his action and sayings or through other people’s saying about him. In addition, characterization is the way the author reveals the characters as imaginary persons and his creation of these imaginary persons, so that they as lifelike for the readers.

However, each character has their own characteristics that are different from the others. To present this thing, it needs a literary device to use. The author has some styles to reveal the characters of unreal persons. They exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction, and it is called as

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For instance, characterization is means by ways of an author presents and reveals the characters’ personalities inside of creating the story. The writer or narrator tells the reader what the character is like. The ability to characterize people of one’s thoughts magnificently is a major characteristic of a good novelist, dramatist, or short-story writer.

2.3.1. Kinds of Characterization

Commonly, in characterizing the characters, there are two ways that an author usually uses. Those are direct and indirect characterization. Direct characterization is used by an author in the narrative of work and includes descriptions and comments that directly describe the nature and appearance of a character. Using direct method means that the author describes directly about the character.

Otherwise, indirect characterization occurs outside of the narrative and usually includes dialogue, comments of others about a character, the actions of a character, and his or her thoughts. In indirect method of characterization, an author does not only tell the characters, but also showing them to the readers through how the character is seen, what the character does, what the character says, what the character thinks, and how the character affects other characters (Baldick: 37). From those aspect, the reader can understand and get a clear description of the character’s personality.

2.4. Psychoanalysis

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emergence, this theory invites a lot of controversy, exploration, analysis and become a background for other genre that appears later (Lubis 141)

The writer intends to use organization of personality based on personality structure by Freud. The organization consist three basic concepts. They areid, egoandsuperego.

2.4.1. Theid

The termidfrom Latin “it,” this division of the mind includes our basic instincts, inborn dispositions, and animalistic urges. Freud said that theidis totally unconscious, that we are unaware of its workings. Theidis not rational; it imagines, dreams, and invents things to get us what we want. Freud said that theidoperates according to the pleasure principle—it aims toward pleasurable things and away from painful things. Theidaims to satisfy our biological urges and drives. It includes feelings of hunger, thirst, sex, and other natural body desires aimed at deriving pleasure. <http://wps.ablongman.com/>

Theidis the primitive and instinctive component of personality. The characteristics of theidis working outside of human consciousness, irrational, disorganized, pleasure oriented, primitive, play a role in energy source of life and source of encouragement and a basic desire to live and die. It consists of all the inherited components of personality, including the sex and aggressive. Theidis commonly related to the biological forces which seeks the pleasure. Theidcommonly used to relieve the tension. After the tension is fulfilled, then human will get

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pleasure or satisfaction (Hall 28).

Theidis a process of thinking, which is primitive, illogical, irrational and fantasy oriented (Weiten 331). From that statement,id

can be represented as an impulse the human to get satisfaction without thinking and using logic. It means the human is in form of unconscious. The form ofidcan be like desires, instinct and other impulse.

Freud’s theory as a whole is also known as the theory of reduction intension. To perform its functions,idhas two basic elements, namely reflex movement and the primary process. For example, in a state hungry baby’s mouth will immediately shut the mother’s nipple and sucking the milk, or when a person’s eyes will be exposed to dust the eye blink reflex, and so on. Nevertheless reflex, not always efficient in relieving tension, so that the necessary process by which humans formed image of the object that is useful for satisfying a basic need. Shadowing process is called the primary process and has characteristic illogical, irrational, cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality. To survive, a baby should be able to discern what fantasy is and what reality is. (Hartono 4)

2.4.2. Theego

The termegofrom Greek and Latin for “I,” this personality structure begins developing in childhood and can be interpreted as the “self.” Theegois partly conscious and partly unconscious. Theego

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idget what it wants by judging the difference between real and

imaginary. If a person is hungry, the idmight begin to imagine food and even dream about food. The id is not rational. Theego, however, will try to determine how to get some real food. Theegohelps a person satisfy needs through reality. <http://wps.ablongman.com/>

Egodeals with the reality principle. It means egorelates the internal and external of human. It stimulates the growth, elaboration of the psychological processes of perception, memory, thinking, and action (Hall 29) human will act to fulfill the need of id. From the way he acts, it result consequences from the way that human did.

2.4.3.Thesuperego

The termsuperegomeans “above the ego,” and includes the moral ideas that a person learns within the family and society. Thesuperego

gives people feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience). Thesuperego, like the ego, is partly conscious and partly unconscious. Thesuperegois a child’s moral barometer, and it creates feelings of pride and guilt according to the beliefs that have been learned within the family and the culture. <http://wps.ablongman.com/>

The id presses the ego to fulfill the need, and then ego balance the need with the rule of moral society.Egomust think which one is good or bad, based on the rule judgment of thesuperego. The

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simple example of the superego can be seen in the human when he is in attempt to steal something, like purse. The way he acts is to fulfill the desire to get some money. But in other side he knows that is not good (based on the society, stealing is bad moral). His act leaves the guilty feeling (Hall 32)

2.5. Review of Related Study

A review of related studies is needed, because it is to justify that whether or not a literary work has not been used by applying a close-fitting approach which is comparable with another research. A review of literature is very significant. It is intended to

distinguish a previous research with a new one in order to assure its originality. Therefore, this part of chapter would like to being the discussion into the description of related previous research which still concern with this research. Thus , there are some related studies about this researchBeatrice Struggle Against Inhumanity In

Veronica Roth’s Novel Allegiant.

The first related studies comes from Faridatul Bahiyah, the student of State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya (2015). Who writes her thesis entitledThe Effect of Traumatic Experience on miss Havisham in Charles Dickens’ Great

Expectation.In her research, is focused on reveals the mental

condition of Miss Havisham by using personality structure of Freud’s Psychoanalysis.

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The second researcher is Aminatuz Zuhriyah, the student of State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya (2014). Who wrote her thesis entitledPI’s Loooking for God in Yann Martel’s

Life of PI: An Islamic perspective.In her research, she focuss on

analysis Pi’s life and Pi’s effort to endure his problem in looking for God, that analysis use psychoanalysis theory. There are three personality systems in analyzing Pi’s journey in looking for God, they areid, ego, superego.

Similar to that previous research, this research also used psychoanalysis. This study also uses personality structure by Freud. They areid, egoandsuperego. The difference between this study and the two previous studies is that this research does not use the same data or novel. But, it pays attention to the main character’s personality system. Thus, the writer intends to use New Criticism theory and psychoanalysis theory in this analysis.

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CHAPTER III ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer analyzes according to the statement of the problem. The first part is about the characterization of Beatrice, the researcher tries to analyze characterization of Beatrice as the main character based on Holman Theory as the basic description about the character. The second is about the action of the main character, the researcher focuses to analyze Beatrice’s action against inhumanity. 3.1. The characterization of Beatrice described in Veronica Roth’s

Allegiant

This part explains about Beatrice’s characterization. The story is delivered using the first person point of view which Beatrice itself as the narrator who narrates all the events, experience she has. She tells the readers about what she does, speaks and thinks everything around her. Things that she can also tell about are just limited to them that correlate with her. So, Beatrice automatically becomes the main character because she appears on the whole story from the beginning in the first series until the end of the trilogy. Half of the story is told through Beatrice’s point of view as what Nurgiyantoro said that main character is character that always appears and dominates the whole story (176).

Furthermore Altenbernd and Lewis declared that in this type of point of view in fiction, main character automatically becomes the protagonist. The usage of first-person to narrate makes readers to feel

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really involved in. Readers give empathy totally to main actor (63). Therefore, Beatrice also belongs to protagonist character that the writer can really think her action against inhumanity.

Beatrice’s characterization is explained directly. Beatrice as the narrator said that she is divergent. In the previous novel, divergent means she has five factions in herself. Society is divided into five group based on their characterization, namely ‘faction’. There are abnegation, dauntless, candor, amity and erudite. Abnegation is a labeling of selfless person. Thus, Dauntless is a labeling of brave character. Then, Candor is a labeling of the honest person who fights for the truth. And then, Amity is a labeling of the peaceful person. The last, Erudite is a labeling of intellectual person. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

"My ancestor, and this is the inheritance she passed to me: freedom from thefactions, and the knowledge that my Divergent identity is more important than I couldhave known. My existence is a signal that we need to leave this city and offer our help towhoever is outside it.”(Allegiant, 1)

"Divergent," Tris says to her, pointing at her own head. “Remember?"(Allegiant,2)

From the quotation above Beatrice directly expresses her

characterization. Beatrice revealed herself that she is divergent. According to the leader of bureau divergent is a term for people who have pure gen

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which has good quality fulfilling the criteria of BUREAU OF GENETIC WELFARE. A person who has pure gen is a human resource that is needed for saving the world from a variety of problems. This is corroborated by the statement below,

"'Divergent' is the name we decided to give to those who have reached the desired level of genetic healing," says David. "We wanted to make sure that the leaders of your city valued them. We didn't expect the leader of Erudite to start hunting them down—or for the Abnegation to even tell her what they were—and contrary to what Edith Prior said, we never really intended for you to send a Divergent army out to us. We don't, after all, truly need your help. We just need your healed genes to remain intact and to be passed on to future generations."(Allegint, 15)

Beatrice Characterization is influenced by many factors, including transmission of genes, person’s parenting and experience. Beatrice’s obviously influenced by genes, surrounding and also her experience. She was born from abnegation family. So, her abnegation comes from

transmission of genes from her father. While, her father comes from erudite family, Beatrice’s erudite may be transmission of genes from her father's family. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

“But Edith is an Abnegation name, and my father's relativesmust have been Erudite, so . . ." (Allegiant,1)

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“I think of my father, a born Erudite, not Divergent; a man who could not help but be smart, choosing Abnegation, engaging in a lifelong struggle against his own nature, and ultimately fulfilling it. A man warring with himself, just as I war with myself. “(Allegiant,15). Beatrice’s obviously also influenced by person’s parenting. Beatrice’s father and mother always teach and train her to care and help others. It is always on her mind until she is adult. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

"My parents would want me to save him, though." Her eyes open and lift to the sky. "They would say it's selfish to let someone die just because they wronged you. Forgive, forgive, forgive."(Allegiant,9) Thus, Beatrice obviously influenced by her experiences itself. Her first experiences when she is childhood as abnegation, she learn to cares and helps others. Then, when she is teenagers, she learns to be dauntless. Because of on ceremonial choosing day, Beatrice decides to leave Abnegation and join Dauntless. She becomes strong-wild and proven to be able to pass dangerous. It is proven at the quotation bellow,

Christina, Tris, Tobias, Tori, Zeke, and Peter are my selections," Cara says. "You have all proven your skills to me in one way or another, and it's for that reason that I'd like to ask you to come with me outside the city. You are under no obligation to agree, of

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"But what we need right now are people with the skills to get out of the city unscathed, and I think Dauntless training makes them highly qualified for that task."(Allegiant, 8)

Beatrice wants to make his parents proud. Even though his parents had died, she was still carrying out their orders. It is the result of the success as a parents nurtures a child. A child who is educated with love and be taught caring others will be good child. Because to be a leader must work hard and caring is always sharpened. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

“And I want to make them proud of me. It's all I want."

“Her pale eyes are steady on mine, determined. I have never had parents who set good examples, parents whose expectations were worth living up to, but she did. I can see them within her, the courage and the beauty they pressed into her like a hand-print.”(Allegiant, 9)

Beatrice has been a good person who always cares and helps others. Moreover with her family, she is a very loving person. Both of her parents were killed when the faction-less and the Dauntless took down Erudite and overthrew the faction system. The family left today is only one brother. Although her brother had been betrayed so many times, in her heart she still love her brother. So she and her boyfriend plan to release her brother of the death penalty. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

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“But then I remember that Caleb is still there, because he was a well-known lackey of Jeanine Matthews, and the factionless will never exonerate him. But just how far they will go to destroy the mark Jeanine Matthews left on this city, I don't know.I don't care, I think. But even as I think it, I know it's a lie. He's still my

brother.”(Allegiant,3)

"I'll get him out of his cell. Tomorrow, before we leave." I nod. "I'll do it."(Allegiant, 9)

Besides caring her family, Beatrice also cares for everyone who needs help. Once she knows the news that the outside of the city limits there that needed help, she determines to go to the outside of the city to help there. This characterization is abnegation, it is excessive empathy. So, it makes her unselfish. Beatrice sincerely helps others. Beatrice never hesitates to help others. Even she was willing to sacrifice her life to save others. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

"I'm trying," I say, and it's true. I'm trying to trust him. But every part of me,every fiber and every nerve, is straining toward freedom, not just from this cell but from prison of the city beyond it.I need to see what's outside thefence. (Allegiant,1)

Listen, I . . . I used to think about giving my life for things, but I didn't understand what 'giving your life' really was until it was right there, about to be taken fromme."(Allegiant, 5)

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Beatrice’s capability cannot be doubted. Dauntless teaches Beatrice to adjust from the previous faction. From abnegation to dauntless she needs struggle hard. Abnegation just teaches about caring and helping others, but dauntless teaches her to be strong woman and she must learn to run, jump, learn to shoot and fight. It can change Beatrice being strong and resilient woman. She also leans to face dangerous situation, and she always clearly passed it. Of course, sometimes Beatrice boasts her capabilities. As the quotation bellow,

“The girl tests the situation in her mind, evaluating whether she wants to fight me or not. I can practically hear what she's thinking— I'm small, so I'm an easy target, but I'm Dauntless, so I'm not that easy to beat. Maybe she knows that I've killed people, or maybe she just doesn't want to get into trouble, but she's losing her nerve; I can tell by the uncertain set of her mouth”. (Allegiant,7)

Thus, from the explanation above, it can be concluded that Beatrice is the brave woman. It is caused by initiation of dauntless. Dauntless teaches her to be strong and resilient character. It is also caused by her strong intention to be success dauntless. She is always ready to face any challenge, although it is dangerous. She is strong-willed woman. She is not only brave but also cunning. It can be seen from the quotation bellow,

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"It doesn't matter," I say, more sternly than I mean to. "It doesn't matter what's out there, we have to see it for ourselves. And then we'll deal with itonce we have."(Allegiant,7)

Christina and I weave a complicated path through Erudite

headquarters onour way to the back staircase, avoiding patrolling factionless. I pull my sleeve down over my wrist. I drew a map on my arm before I left—I know how to get to Candor headquarters from here, but I don't know the side streets that will keep us away from prying factionless eyes.(Allegiant 8)

Besides that Beatrice is always curious.So that she getsnew experience from her curiousness. Because of, the most valuable lesson is experience. She always challenged to new experience and new knowledge. It can be seen as the quotation bellow,

"Hey," I say. "You don't have to come, but I need to get out of here. I need to know who Edith Prior was, and who's waiting for us outside the fence, if anyone. I don't know why, but I need to."I take a deep breath. I'm not sure where that swell of desperation came from, but now that I've acknowledged it, it's impossible to ignore, like a living thing has awakened from a long sleep inside me. It writhes in my stomach and throat. I need to leave. Ineed the truth. (Allegint,8)

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Generally, all of people save her dignity. Anyone who has ridiculed dignity will be angry and annoyed.Beatrice also like that, she is angry and annoyed when someone ridiculed her. It can be seen as the below quotation,

"Hey!" I yell again, and this time the girl turns. She's much taller than I am—a good six inches, in fact—but I'm only angry, not afraid. "Back up," I say. "Back awayfrom him."

"He's in violation of the dress code. I'm well within my rights, and I don't take ordersfrom faction lovers," she says, her eyes on the ink creeping over my collarbone.

"Becks," the factionless boy beside her says. "That's the Prior video girl."

The others look impressed, but the girl just sneers. "So?"

"So," I say, "I had to hurt a lot of people to get through Dauntless initiation, and I'll do it to you, too, if I have to."(Allegiant,7)

3.2. The action of Beatrice against inhumanity

The second part of this discussion is about the action of Beatrice against inhumanity. The researcher tries to analyze based on

psychoanalysis theory.

In this case, Beatrice action against inhumanity influenced by three agent of personality, they areId, Ego, and Superego. This part is going to divide into three parts. The first is about Beatrice’sId.The second is about

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Beatrice’sEgo. The third is about Beatrice’sSuperego. It aims to know what Beatrice desire and her choice to against inhumanity.

Inhumanity that discuss in this study is a program to resetting citizen memory in Beatrice’s motherland. Finally Beatrice success

smashes memory serum in weapon lab. It means that she cancels resetting memory in all of experiment city.So, Beatrice finished her mission to save all of citizen in her motherland from resetting memory. If their memory loses, their live will lose too, and Beatrice does not want it.She willing dies to save their live.

 Beatrice’sId

The action of Beatrice against inhumanity starts from Beatrice understanding about David’s program. David is a bureau of genetic welfare’s leader. As the following quotation,

“My name is David. As Zoe probably told you already, I am the leader of the Bureau of Genetic Welfare. I'm going to do my best to explain things," David says.(Allegiant,15)

One day, Beatrice saves David from one of the bureau’s employees attack. So, David impressed to her and chooses her to be favorite person. It is the way to make easier her mission without mistrust. Because becoming Davis’s favorite person, it will expedite her action. It can be seen at the following quotation,

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“...I am the official leader of this compound, but apart from that, we have a similar system of governance to the Abnegation, so I am advised by a small group of councilors. I would like you to begin training for that position."

."What . . ." I clear my throat. "What would training for that entail?"

"Attending our meetings, for one thing," he says, "and learning the ins and outs of our compound—how we function, from top to bottom, our history, our values, and so on. I can't allow you to be a part of the council in any official capacity at such a young age, and there is a track you must follow—assisting one of the current council members—but I am inviting you to travel down the road, if you would like to." (Allegiant, 32)

The opportunity to become a David favorite person is utilized by Beatrice as good as possible. This is a golden opportunity, because it will allow Beatrice to know the details of the David inhumanity program who disregard the values of humanity. Following quotation runs that:

The councilors are probably the same people who authorized the attack simulation and ensured that it was passed on to Jeanine at the right time. And he wants me to sit among them, learn to become them. Even though I can taste bile in the back of my mouth, I have no trouble answering.

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"Of course," I say, and smile. "I would be honored."

If someone offers you an opportunity to get closer to your enemy,you always take it. I know that without having learned it from anyone. He must believe my smile, because hegrins.(Allegiant,32)

In the first meeting, Beatrice comes on time, excited and

enthusiastically to make David totally trust her. It is the next step, after making David like her, she makes David really trust her. Without becoming reliance people, she will never know David’s detail program. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

I ARRIVE AT David's office for my first council meeting just as my watch shifts to ten, and hepushes himself into the hallway soon afterward. He looks even paler than he did the last time I saw him, and the dark circles under his eyes are pronounced, like bruises.

"Hello, Tris," he says. "Eager, are you? You're right on time."(allegiant 27)

The first Beatrice’s meeting with councilors discusses about David program. At the time, she understands detail of David program and timing to do it. According to Beatrice, David program is inhumanity, but based on David opinion it is the one and only way to solve his problem. So that Beatrice want to save her citizen from resetting memory. It means that Beatrice have strong desire to does something to restrain David Program. It can be seen as the following quotation,

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"Quiet," says David. "The experiments are already in danger of being shut down if we cannot prove to our superiors that we are capable of controlling them. Another revolution in Chicago would only cement their belief that this endeavor has outlived its usefulness—something we cannot allow to happen if we want to continue to fight genetic damage."

Somewhere behind David's exhausted, haggard expression is something harder, stronger. I believe him. I believe that he will not allow it to happen. (Allegiant,37)

In the first council’s meeting, David explains about ‘resetting’. David argues that it is time to use the memory serum virus for a mass reset. Destroying someone’s memory is inhuman action. Bureau does not care and ignore memory and feeling of citizen. Since that time Beatrice knows detail of implementation of resetting. It makes her desire be brust. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

"It's time to use the memory serum virus for a mass reset," he says. "And I think we should use it against all four experiments."

"'Resetting' is our word for widespread memory erasure," David says. "It is what we do when the experiments that incorporate behavioral modification are in danger of falling apart. We did it when we first created each experiment that had a behavioral modification

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before yours." He gives me an odd smile. "Why did you think there was so much physical devastation in the factionless sector? There was an uprising, and we had to quell it as cleanly as possible."(37)  Beatrice’s Ego

After she knows about the dateline of resetting, Beatrice with her friends plans to cancel it. They plan to smash memory serum virus in the Weapons Lab. As

parson said that the actor of social action is seen as the hunter of the goal. Beatrice as the hunter of the goal “cancelled resetting memory” and she is the actor of this action. It is the ego of Beatrice, because egodeals with the reality principle. It meansegorelates the internal and external of human. It stimulates the growth, elaboration of the psychological processes of perception, memory, thinking, and action (Hall 29) human will act to fulfill the need of id. There is one of their discussions about it,

"Wait," I say. "If the Bureau is going to load all of those planes with the memory serum virus to reset the experiments, will there be any serum left to use against the compound?"

"We'll have to get it first," Matthew says. "In less than forty-eight hours."(Allegiant,39)

Firstly, they dig information about how to smash memory serum virus that is in the Weapons Lab. They choose Nita as the interviewees, because she has

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She also evaluates her planning, because someone was failed to do it. So, she wants to plan it carefully and perfectly. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

Christina and I were supposed to talk to Reggie," Tobias says, "but I think, given this new plan, we should talk to Nita instead."

"I think you're right," I say. "Let's go find out whereshe went wrong."(Allegiant,39)

Beatrice visits Nita in the hospital. She wants to know about how to smash memory serum virus in the Weapons Lab. Thus, about what equipment is needed and how step by step to do it. It is theidof Beatrice. Theegois partly conscious and partly unconscious. Theegooperates according to the reality principle; that is, it attempts to help theidget what it wants by judging the difference between real and imaginary. Because she wants to cancel resetting memory, she must to learn the way to do it. So, Beatrice interrogates Nita, why Nita failed to enters in the Weapons Lab. So, she will not do the same mistake like Nita. So, Beatrice can make new plan to success. She tries to learn from Nita’s failed. It can be seen at the following quotation,

"I need to know what the security is like. Is David the only person who knows the pass code?"

"Not like . . . the only person ever," she says. "That would be stupid. His superiors know it, but he's the only person in the compound, yes."

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"Okay, then what's the backup security measure? The one that is activated if you explode thedoors?"

She presses her lips together so they almost disappear, and stares at the half-bodycast covering her. "It's the death serum," she says. "In aerosol form, it's practically unstoppable. Even if you wear a clean suit or something, it works its way ineventually. It just takes a little more time thatway. That's what the lab reports said."

"So they just automatically kill anyone who makes their way into that room without the pass code?" I say

"One more question," I say. "Say I do want to flirt with death. Where do I get explosives to break through the doors?"

Reggie has the explosives," she says. "He can teach you how to use them, but he's no good inaction, so for God's sake, don't bring him along unless you feel like babysitting."

"Noted," I say.

"Tell him it will require twice as much firepower to get through those doors than any others. They're extremely sturdy." (Allegiant,39)

After knowing that, Beatrice tells her friends about it. So, the next problem she discusses about who is the actor of their mission. Beatrice as the pioneer of the action gets

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the first step. So, all her friends follow her instruction. It can be seen at the quotation below,

THE SMELL OF bleach tingles in my nose. I stand next to a mop in a storage room in thebasement; I stand in the wake of what I just told everyone, which is that whoever breaks into the Weapons Lab will be going on a suicide mission. The death serum is unstoppable.

"The question is," Matthew says, "is this something we're willing to sacrifice a life for."

"It's not just about revenge," I say. "It's not about what they did to the Abnegation. It's about stopping them before they do something equally bad to the people in all the experiments—about taking away their power to control thousands of lives."

"It is worth it," Cara says. "One death, to save thousands of people from a terrible fate?And cut the compound's power off at the knees, so to speak? Is it even a question?"(Allegiant,41)

The discussion is still going on, Beatrice’s eyes shift from her friends, Matthew and Cara, standing behind the table, to Tobias, to Christina, her arm slung over a broom handle, and land on Caleb. After that Caleb feels, He must be the volunteer to sacrifice. It can be seen as the following quotation,

"Everyone's staring at me," Caleb says. "Don't think I don't know it. I'm the one who chose the wrong side, who worked with Jeanine Matthews; I'm the one none of you care about, so I should be the one to die."

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But I see him steeling himself against this fate, and I know that I have to bestrong enough, and good enough, if he is going to sacrifice himself for us all.

I nod. "Yes," I choke out. "But that's not a good reason to do this." "I have plenty of reasons," Caleb says. "I'll do it. Of course I will."(Allegiant,41)

The finding of their discussion is choosing who the volunteer to sacrifice is. He is Caleb. Beatrice’s brother. He offers himself because he wants Beatrice’s forgiveness. After this Caleb prepare his self to do the sacrifice. He also practices using weapon. Because needs more expertise to save himself until successto smash memory serum virus in the Weapons Lab and to stop the Bureau from resetting the experiments. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

Matthew and Caleb stay behind to fit Caleb for the clean suit—the suit that will keep him alive in the Weapons Lab long enough to set off the memory serum virus (Allegiant, 41)

In practicing the using guns, Caleb is still stiff because previously he had never used the weapon. Beatrice as the pioneer of this mission, she chooses Caleb as the actor of the action. Beatrice knows the condition of the actor and she want to change Caleb to be good attacker. He starts tries to use gun, skill to hold out in frayed condition. Beatrice also gives him battle training. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

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I step back to watch Caleb try it. He has the right way of standing, the right way of holding the gun, but he is rigid there, a statue with a gun in hand. He sucks in a breath and holds it as he fires. This time the kickback doesn't startle him as much, and the bullet nicks the top of the target.

"Good," I say again. "I think what you mostly need is to get comfortable with it. You're very tense"

"Can you blame me?" he says. His voice trembles, but just at the end of each word. He has the look of someone who is trapping terror inside. I watched two classes of initiates with that expression, but none of them was ever facing what Caleb is facing now.

I shake my head and say quietly, "Of course not. But you have to realize that if you can't let that tension go tonight, you might not make it to the Weapons Lab, and what good would that do anyone?"(Allegiant,42)

ThepreparationsofBeatrice’steamarealmostperfectly. CalebandMathewincreasingly are conscientious because they did not want any mistake. Thus, Caleb did not want his sacrifice to vain. He determined to succeed, so that he lingers at the laboratory to ensure true steps and the activation code, this is the key of it. It can be seen as the following quotation,

I know why Caleb wanted to come here: to make sure that he was giving his life for a good reason. I don't blame him. There are no second chances after you've died for something, at least as far asI know.

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"Tell me the activation code again," Matthew says. The activation code will enable the memory serum weapon, and another button will deploy it instantly. Matthew has made Caleb repeat them both every few minutes since we got here.

I have no trouble memorizing sequences of numbers!" Caleb says. "I don't doubt that. But we don't know what state of mind you'll be in when the death serum begins to take its course, and these codes need to be deeply ingrained."

Caleb flinches at the words "death serum." I stare at my shoes. "080712," Caleb says. "And then I press the green button."

Right now Cara is spending some time with the people in the control room so she can spike their beverages with peace serum and shut off the lights in the compound while they're too drunk to notice, just like Nita and Tobias did a few weeks ago. When she does that, we'll run for the Weapons Lab, unseen by the cameras in the dark. (Allegiant, 45)

Evidently, the circumstance is beyond a doubt. Unexpectedly, bureau enabled emergency lockdown procedure. It is to improve to security before launching memory serum to all of experiments city. It happened so fast, so resetting cancellation must do now. In this situation Beatrice as soon as possible takes decision to do their planning at the time. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,`

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A voice speaks through the intercom in the corner. "Attention all compound residents. Commence emergency lockdown procedure, effective until five o'clock a.m. I repeat, commence emergency lockdown procedure, effective until five o'clock a.m."

Caleb and I exchange an alarmed look. Matthew shoves the door open. "Shit," he says. And then, louder: "Shit!"

"Emergency lockdown?" I say. "Is that the same as an attack drill?" "Basically. It means we have to gonow,while there's still chaos in the hallways and before they increase security," Matthew says.

"Why would they do this?" Caleb says.

"Could be they just want to increase security before releasing the viruses," Matthew says. "Or it could be that they figured out we're going to try something —only, if they knew that, they probably would have come to arrest us."(Allegiant, 45)

The situation is increasingly precarious. She with her brother, Caleb directly does their purpose. They go to weapon lab. Unexpected and unplanned, all occurred outside of the plan. Luckily, Beatrice accustoms to facing danger, so she is always alert and agile in all conditions. It can be seen as the following quotation,

We move quickly, but not too quickly. The more security guards I see, the more pressure I feel building inside me. Caleb's backpack, with the clean suit

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and explosives inside it, bounces against his lower back as we walk. People are moving in all different directions, but soon, we will reach a hallway that no one has any reason to walk down. (Allegiant, 47)

"I think something must have happened to Cara," Matthew says. "The lights were supposed to be off by now."

I nod. I feel the gun digging into my back, disguised by my baggy shirt. I had hoped that I wouldn't have to use it, but it seems that I will, and even then it might not be enough to get us to the WeaponsLab.

I touch Caleb's arm, and Matthew's, stopping all three of us in the middle of the hallway.

"I have an idea," I say. "We split up. Caleb and I will run to the lab, and Matthew,cause somekind of diversion."

"A diversion?"

"You have a gun, don't you?" I say. "Fire into the air."He hesitates. "Doit," I say through gritted teeth. (Allegiant,47)

Beatrice invites Caleb fled down the corridor, after Mathew distract security guards. Beatrice was able to escape. The surge of victory was near. Beatrice is already close to a weapons lab serum storage memory.

While, when Beatrice and Caleb are closer, the security guard finds them. Beatrice is sprightly and agile directing to find new idea and takes advantage of

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the circumstances to protect herself and her brother. It is not difficult for Beatrice, because she accustomed to facing danger. It can be seen as the following quotation,

"Put down your weapon!" the guard screams at the end of the hallway. "Put down your weapon or we will fire!"

Then I raise my voice so the guards can hear me. "He's my hostage! Come any closer and I'llkillhim!"

I back up, aiming over Caleb's shoulder at one of the security guards. I inhale and steady my hand. I exhale and fire. I hear a pained yell, and sprint in the other direction with the sound of gunfire in my ears. I run a crooked path so it's harder to hit me, and then dive around the corner. A bullet hits the wall right behind me, putting a hole in it. (Allegiant, 47)

While precarious, Beatrice feels empathy to her brother. At the time Beatrice realizes that Caleb is a part of her, always will be, and she is a part of Caleb too. She doesn't belong to Abnegation, or Dauntless, or even the Divergent. She doesn't belong to the Bureau or the experiment or the fringe. She belongs to the people she loves, and they belong to her—they, and the love and loyalty she give them, form her identity far more than any word or group ever could. She will replace the Caleb’s sacrifice because she loves her brother. It can be seen at the quotation bellow.

"Caleb," I say. "Give me the backpack." "What?" he says.

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I slip my hand under the back of my shirt and grab my gun. I point it at him. "Give me the backpack."

"Tris, no." He shakes his head. "No, I won't let you do that."

I might survive the death serum," I say. "I'm good at fighting off serums. There's a chance I'll survive. There's no chance you would survive. Give me the backpack or I'll shoot you in the leg and take it from you."

I take it and swing it over my shoulder. I keep my gun pointed at him and shift so he's blocking my view of the soldiers at the end of the hallway.

"Caleb," I say, "I love you."

His eyes gleam with tears as he says, "I love you, too, Beatrice."

Get down on the floor!" I yell, for the benefit of the guards. Caleb sinks to his knees.

"If I don't survive," I say, "tell Tobias I didn't want to leave him."(Allegiant, 47)

Beatrice runs and swings the backpack around her body and open the zipper. She takes out the explosives and the detonator. There are shouts and running footsteps behind her. She does not have any time.

Beatrice runs harder, faster than she thought she could. The impact of each footstep shudders through her and turn the next corner, where there are two guards standing by the doors Nita and the invaders broke. Clutching the explosives and

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detonator to her chest with her free hand, she shoots one guard in the leg and the other in the chest. Thus,she starts to smash the weaponslab’s door. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

I run past the broken doors and into the hallway between them. I slam the explosives against the metal bar where the two doors join, and clamp down the claws around the edge of the bar so it will stay. Then I run back to the end of the hallway and around the corner and crouch, my back to the doors, as I press the detonation button and shield my ears with my palms. The noise vibrates in my bones as the small bomb detonates, and the force of the blast throws me sideways, my gun sliding across the floor. Pieces of glass and metal spray through the air, falling to the floor where I lie, stunned. Even though I sealed off my ears with my hands, I still hear ringing when I take them away, and I feel unsteady on my feet.

At the end of the hallway, the guards have caught up with me. They fire, and a bullet hits me in the fleshy part of my arm. I scream, clapping my hand over the wound, and my vision goes spotty at the edges as I throw myself around the corner again, half walking and half stumbling to the blasted-open doors.

Beyond them is a small vestibule with a set of sealed, lockless doors at the other end. Through the windows in those doors I see the Weapons Lab, the even rows of machinery and dark devices and serum vials, lit from beneath like they're on display. I hear a spraying sound and know that the death

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serum is floating through the air, but the guards are behind me, and I don't have time to put on the suit that will delay its effects.

I also know, I just know, that I can survive this. I step into the vestibule.(Allegiant, 47)

Finally, Beatrice succeeds to enter in the Weapons Lab. She fights battling the death serum. Because everyone who enter in weapons lab cannot be against the death serum except using patron, but the patron only belongs to David. But Beatrice is stronger. She can survive, but not longer. It can be seen as the following quotation,

THE DEATH SERUM smells like smoke and spice, and my lungs reject it with the first breath I take. I cough and splutter, and I am swallowed by darkness. I crumple to my knees. My body feels like someone has replaced my blood with molasses, and my bones with lead. An invisible thread me toward sleep, but I want to be awake. It is important that I want to be awake. I imagine that wanting, that desire, burning in my chest like aflame.

The thread tugs harder, and I stoke the flame with names. Tobias. Caleb. Christina. Matthew. Cara. Zeke.Uriah.

I feel the serum clinging to my skin like oil, but the darkness recedes. I slap a heavy hand over the floor and push myself up.

Bent at the waist, I shove my shoulder into the double doors, and they squeak across the floor as their seal breaks. I breathe clean air and stand up straighter. I am there, I am there.(Allegiant,49)

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Beatrice has been successful to open the door of weapon lab. But there she is not alone, there is David comes to the weapon lab. David wondered why Beatrice could stand against the death serum and did not immediately die. Beatrice is back to the first purpose, to smash memory serum virus in the Weapons Lab. She was looking for a black box with silver keypad. Exactly as instructed by Mathew. Then, Beatrice pressed the activation code and she managed to do so, after which she hung on the ground and not breathing anymore. Beatrice wassuccessful, but she cannot save herself. She willing dies to save her city from resetting memory. The death serums kill her. It can be seen as the following quotation,

I try to guard my expression, though I'm sure it's still slack. I sweep my eyes across the room, searching for the device that will release the memory serum virus. I was there when Matthew described it to Caleb. In

painstaking detail earlier: a black box with a silver keypad, marked with a strip of blue tape with a model number written on it. It is one of the only items on the counter along the left wall, just a few feet away from me. But I can't move, or else he'll kill me.

I twist and lunge toward the device. The gun goes off and pain races through my body. I don't even know where the bullet hit me.

I can still hear Caleb repeating the code for Matthew. With a quaking hand I type in the numberson thekeypad.The gun goesoff again.

More pain, and black edges on my vision, but I hear Caleb's voice speaking again. The green button.Somuchpain.But how,when my body feels so numb?

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I start to fall, and slam my hand into the keypad on my way down. A light turns on behind the greenbutton.I hear a beep, and a churning sound. I slide to the floor. I feel something warm on my neck, and under my cheek. Red. Blood is a strange color. Dark. (Allegiant,49)

 Beatrice’s Superego

Planning for mass reset or deleting memories of citizen just for experiment continuity is false. Deleting memories is the same grabbing person’s life, because memory of the past is part of human life. Family, neighbor, beloved person also include in our memory. It cannot be deleted, or it will make someone lose one of part in their life. It is a sacrifice, sacrificing something for experiment continuity. It is the superego of Beatrice, because she thinks about family value and stopping resetting memory. The superego deals with moral perspective to differ the good and bad. Beatrice cannot remain silent, if it really is held. It can be seen at the following quotation,

You demonstrated the quality I most need in my advisers," he says. "Which is the ability to make sacrifices for the greater good. If we are going to win this fight against genetic damage, if we are going to save the experiments from being shut down, we will need to make sacrifices. You understand that, don't you?"(allegiant, 32)

"It's time to use the memory serum virus for a mass reset," he says."And I think we should use it against all four experiments."(Allegiant 37)

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Based on the quotation above, It means that David as the leader gives the problem solving, but makes new problem. He sacrifices citizen’s life for the existence of bureau’s experiment. It is very bad.

Beatrice does not accept David program to reset memory. She is angry about it. Beatrice is very angry because the reset is not to save lives but to save David‘s experiment. If everyone’s memories will be reset they will lose their beloved persons, her love, her home, her neighbors and memories of the pass. According to Beatrice memory is part of person’s identity. Beatrice knows that resetting memory break the norm and value. It is the superego of Beatrice, she divided the good and the bad. It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

Reset them?" I say, because I can't help myself. Everyone in the room looks at me at once. They seem to have forgotten that I, a former member of the experiments they're referring to, am in the room.(Allegiant,37)

I feel sick with anger. That they want to stop a revolution, not to save lives, but to save their precious experiment, would be enough. But why do they believe they have the right to rip people's memories, their identities, out of their heads, just because it's convenient for them?(Allegiant,37)

Thus, she understands about what David said previously about sacrificing something to win the battle. Sacrifices of combat damage genes are not true. Whether a person has a damage gene or pure genes, they have every right to live. They have the right to build a life with their family. Because the truth is for

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humanize humans based on norms. It is appropriate with the theory that the

superegogives people feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego

ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience). It can be seen at the quotation bellow,

But of course, I know the answer to that question. To them, the people in our city are just containers of genetic material—just GDs, valuable for the corrected genes they pass on, and not for the brains in their heads or the hearts in their chests.

"When?" one of the council members says. "Within the next forty-eight hours," David says. Everyone nods as if this is sensible.

I remember what he said to me in his office. If we are going to win this fight

against genetic damage, we will need t o make sacrifices. You understand

that, don't you?I should have known, then, that he would gladly trade

thousands of GD memories—lives—for control of the experiments. That he would trade them without even thinking of alternatives—without feeling like he needed to bother to save them. They're damaged, after all.(Allegiant,37)

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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION

This chapter contains of the result based on the discussion in the previous chapters. There are two parts that was discussed in this study. The first is about characterization of Beatrice as main character of the novel. The second is about Beatrice action to against inhumanity.

The first part is about the characterization of Beatrice, the researcher tries to analyze characterization of Beatrice as the main character based on Holman Theory as the basic description about the character. The result of discussion shows that Beatrice is small girl but she is strong. She is strong-wild and prove to be able to pass dangerous. She is strong and resilient woman. She is smart and the brave. She is not only the brave but also cunning. She is good person who care and help others. She is care and helps everyone. She never hesitates to help others. She was willing herself to sacrifice his life to save others.

The second part of this discussion is about the action of Beatrice against inhumanity. The researcher tries to analyze based on personality structure by Freud. The personality structure consist three basic concepts. They are id, ego and

superego. The id of Beatrice is the desire to save their citizen from inhumanity life. The ego of Beatrice is she manages the strategy to against inhumanity. And the last, superego of Beatrice is she thinks about family value , humanity value, she can classifying the good and bad. Because superego is a child’s moral

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digilibuinsby.ac.id digilibuinsby.ac.id digilibuinsby.ac.id digilibuinsby.ac.id digilibuinsby.ac.id digilibuinsby.ac.id CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

This chapter contains of the result based on the discussion in the previous chapters. There are two parts that was discussed in this study. The first is about characterization of Beatrice as main character of the novel. The second is about Beatrice action to against inhumanity.

The first part is about the characterization of Beatrice, the researcher tries to analyze characterization of Beatrice as the main character based on Holman Theory as the basic description about the character. The result of discussion shows that Beatrice is small girl but she is strong. She is strong-wild and prove to be able to pass dangerous. She is strong and resilient woman. She is smart and the brave. She is not only the brave but also cunning. She is good person who care and help others. She is care and helps everyone. She never hesitates to help others. She was willing herself to sacrifice his life to save others.

The second part of this discussion is about the action of Beatrice against inhumanity. The researcher tries to analyze based on personality structure by Freud. The personality structure consist three basic concepts. They are id, ego and

superego. The id of Beatrice is the desire to save their citizen from inhumanity life. The ego of Beatrice is she manages the strategy to against inhumanity. And the last, superego of Beatrice is she thinks about family value , humanity value, she can classifying the good and bad. Because superego is a child’s moral

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barometer, and it creates feelings of pride and guilt according to the beliefs that have been learned within the family and the culture.

From the result above the writer can concludes that the character of Beatrice influenced what Beatrice does in her action against inhumanity. Include background of Beatrice’s attitude and Beatrice’s behavior. Second, Beatrice success smashes memory serum in weapon lab. It means that she was cancel resetting memory in all of experiment city.

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

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