Swasembada Terkendala Impor Ilegal.
P ik ir a n R a k y a t
o Senin o Selasa
o Rabu
•
1SRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Q) 4
2
5
6
7
8
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
OJan
•
OPeb
Mar
OApr
OMei
o Jumat
Kamis
9
OJun
o Sablu o Minggu
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
OJul
OAgs
OSep
OOkt
ONov
ODes
T e rk e n d a la
S w asem b ad a
Im p or
D egal
O le h R O C H A D I T A W A F
A G I -lA G I
L
.
pa
m e n u n ju k k a n
77
n a s i te rn a k b e tin a y a n g
g in g ile g a l ta n -
m asuk
J aw a
B a ra t
c u k u p tin g g i. A rtin y a ,
S u ra t
P e rs e tu ju a n
P em asukan
p o p u la s i
(S P P ) d a ri
te rn a k
akan
jik a
yang
K e m e n te ria n P e rta n ia n ,
m e n in g k a t
te rta n g k a p
d im a s u k k a n
M e n te ri
ta n g a n o le h
K euangan
d i P e la b u h a n
P rio k p a d a
a d a la h
RI
2009,
ra n g . S e m u a n y a
cukup
yang
kan
pada
dan
2005
te rk e n d a la im p o r d a g in g ile g a l.
2010
B e rd a sa rk a n
Ja w a B a ra t
p e n e litia n
p e n u lis
p e n in g k a ta n
(2 0 1 0 ),
sebab
a d a la h
M em ang
c u k u p m e n g k h a w a tir-
d a g in g
s a p i y a n g d ic a n a n g k a n
re n d a h
d ih itu n g
p o te n s in y a .
m em -
p ro g ra m
sw asem bada
k e te rs e d ia a n
p a k a n . D a la m k a s u s in i
2001,
dan seka-
b u k tik a n
la in n y a
a d a la h
K e ja d ia n
s e p e rti itu b e ru la n g k a li
2004,
b e tin a ,
F a k to r
9 F e b ru a ri
te rja d i, y a itu p a d a
ke Jabar
te rn a k
b u k a n n y a ja n ta n .
T a n ju n g
la lu .
2011
d o m i-
da-
k o n ta in e r
d e ru n g a n
k a re n a
k e te rs e d ia a n n y a
B a ra t te ru s m e n u ru n .
di
popu-
n in g k a ta n
kecendi
Jaw a.
S e la n ju tn y a , p e -
p o p u la s i te rn a k
m e la lu i k e -
la h ira n re la tif p a lin g re n d a h , d is e b a b k a n
la s i s a p i s a n g a t d ip e n g a ru h i h a rg a d a g -
tin g k a t
in g
d a m p a k la n g s u n g te rh a d a p
pem angku
(stakeholder)
s a p i p o to n g
( 3 8 ,7
p e rse n ),
p e rm in ta a n
( 2 5 ,5
p e rse n ), p e m a su k a n
s a p i ( 1 8 ,8 p e r s e n ) ,
k e te rs e d ia a n
( 1 5 ,9
k e la h ira n
pakan
te rn a k
in i m e n g g u n a k a n
ma
15
p e rse n ), d a n
(7 p e rs e n ). P e n e litia n
d a ta
time siries
ta h u n , m e n g in d ik a s ik a n
fa k to r d o m in a n
s e la -
bahw a
y a n g b e rp e n g a ru h
k e la h ira n
k e p e n tin g a n
tid a k
m e m b e rik a n
d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n fa k to r la in n y a .
S e m e n ta ra itu , p ro g ra m a k s i s w a s e m b a d a d a g in g n a s io n a l y a n g d iu ru s
pe-
m e rin ta h
hal
le b ih
d ia ra h k a n
kepada
te r-
y a n g b e rs ifa t te k n is , y a itu p e n in g k a ta n
h a d a p p e n in g k a ta n p o p u la s i a d a la h h a r-
p o p u la s i m e la lu i u p a y a m e n in g k a tk a n
g a d a g in g . H a rg a d a g in g ib a ra t lo k o m o -
p ro d u k s i a ta u k e la h ira n .
tif y a n g a k a n m a m p u m e ra n g s a n g p e te rn a k b e ru s a h a te rn a k k a re n a m e n g u n -
y a n g m e m b e rik a n
tu n g k a n
m u ra h h a rg a n y a
a ta u m e n g h e n tik a n
usahanya
dengan
b e rb a g a i
b e rik u t
a d a la h
p e rm in ta a n
m e m b ia rk a n
upaya
agar
d i tin g k a t k o n s u m e n .
C e la k a n y a , p e m e rin ta h
k a re n a m e ru g i.
F a k to r
d ite k a n
H a rg a d a g in g
p e n g a ru h k u a t s e la lu
d a g in g
tid a k k u a s a d a n
box import
m asuk
k o n s u m e n tin g g i a ta u re n d a h . B e s a r k e -
k e p a s a r tra d is io n a l
s e h in g g a m e n d is -
c iln y a p e rm in ta a n
to rs i
P a d a h a l,
te rn a k
m e la k u k a n
usahanya.
a k a n m e n d o ro n g p e p e n in g k a ta n
S e m e n ta ra
pem asukan
s k a la
te r-
n a k y a n g d im a k s u d d a la m p e n e litia n in i
K lip in g
H um as
h a rg a
d a g in g .
sa sa ra n
s e s u n g g u h n y a p a n g s a p a s a r d a g in g b o k s
in i a d a la h in d u s tri
processing
d a g in g ,
p a s a r in s titu s i, h o te l, d a n re s to ra n .
(ln p a d
2011
r
A k ib a tn y a , p e te m a k
tid a k b e rg a ira h
n a ta a n
pasar
in i a d a la h
la g i d a la m m e la k u k a n u s a h a te m a k n y a .
ja w a b
L ih a t s a ja d a m p a k n y a
tu k a n p e n in g k a ta n
b u la n
te ra k h ir
d a la m
b e b e ra p a
in i, te la h te rja d i p e m o -
p e n g a ru h
h a rg a
u n tu k
sangat
p o p u la s i te m a k .
K e d u a , p e m b e rla k u a n
S P P d ite ra k a n
certificate of health.
to n g a n b e tin a p ro d u k tif d i e m p a t ru m a h
ju g a d a la m
p e m o to n g a n
in i te rja d i
s ila n g p e n d a p a t
m e n te ria n
P e rd a g a n g a n
hew an
(R P H ) K o ta B a n -
d u n g y a n g m e m p rih a tin k a n ,
ta r
81
pada
y a itu s e k i-
p e rs e n (u ji p e tik s e la m a s e m in g g u
ria n
F e b ru a ri
m e n te ria n
H a l itu
2 0 1 1 ).
sebagai
P e rta n ia n .
d a m p a k tid a k n a ik n y a h a rg a d a g in g S e -
lu k a n k e b e ra d a a n
a d a p ilih a n
k ira n y a
n g u s a h a ja g a l
d a la m m e n c a ri h a rg a d a -
la in b a g i p e -
S e la m a
a n ta ra
K e-
d a n K e m e n te -
D a la m
a tu ra n
P e rd a g a n g a n
h in g g a tid a k
m en-
m enen-
tid a k
K ed ip e r-
S P P . O le h k a re n a itu ,
K e m e n te ria n
m e n y e rta k a n n y a
P e rta n ia n
dapat
certificate of
d a la m
g in g y a n g k o m p e titif. H a rg a s a p i b e tin a
health
ja u h le b ih m u ra h k e tim b a n g h a rg a s a p i
im p o r d a g in g s a p i. D e n g a n c a ra s e p e rti
ja n ta n a ta u p u n s a p i e k s im p o r. P a d a h a l,
in i, k e w e n a n g a n
k ita
g a n g a n tid a k a k a n a d a m a s a la h , k a re n a
sem ua
m em aham i
bahw a
pem o-
to n g a n b e tin a p ro d u k tif d ila ra n g d a la m
U n d a n g -U n d a n g
P e te rn a k a n
N o.
dan
1 8 /2 0 0 9
K e s e h a ta n
P a s a l 8 6 a y a t b m e n y e b u tk a n ,
y a n g m e ru p a k a n
h a l te rs e b u t
p ra sy a ra t
K e m e n te ria n
m em ang
P e rd a -
k e p e rlu a n
d a la m
bagi
te n ta n g
K e m e n te ria n
H ew an.
m e lin d u n g i p e te rn a k d i d a la m n e g e ri.
''T e m a k
P e rta n ia n
a ta s
ra n g k a
trans
K e tig a , tid a k d ip e rk e n a n k a n n y a
ru m in a n s ia b e s a r b e tin a p ro d u k tif s e b a -
shipment
g a im a n a d im a k s u d d a la m P a s a l ifl a y a t
p o r d a ri n e g a ra e k s p o rtir. H a l itu u n tu k
(2 ) d ip id a n a
m encegah
dengan
p id a n a
k u ru n g a n
d a la m p e n g irim a n
p e n u la ra n
d a g in g im -
p e n y a k it
hew an
p a lin g s in g k a t 3 (tig a ) b u la n d a n p a lin g
m e n u la r
la m a 9 (s e m b ila n ) b u la n d a n /a ta u
k a re n a w ila y a h te rs e b u t b e lu m te rb e b a s
d a p a lin g s e d ik it R p .
m a ju ta
5 · 0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
den(li-
ru p ia h ) d a n p a lin g b a n y a k R p .
(d u a p u lu h lim a ju ta
2 5 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
p ia h )" . A k a n te ta p i p e ra tu ra n
ru -
in i tid a k
d ija la n k a n p e m e rin ta h .
O le h
k a re n a
itu ,
p e n y a k it s e p e rti In d o n e s ia .
K e e m p a t, m e la k u k a n p e rin c ia n s e d e ta il m u n g k in
p e m e rin ta h
s e riu s m e n y u k s e s k a n p ro g ra m
sw asem -
HS number
te n ta n g
da-
g in g , y a n g s e la m a in i tid a k s e rin c i a ta u
sesuai
jik a
d a ri lo k a s i y a n g d ila lu i k a p a l
HS number
dengan
n e g a ra
p e n g e k s p o r d a g in g .
K e lim a , d ip ro s e s s e c a ra h u k u m
bagi
b a d a d a g in g n a s io n a l, a d a h a l-h a l y a n g
p e la k u im p o r d a g in g ile g a l a g a r a d a e fe k
h a ru s d ip e rh a tik a n .
je ra . L e m a h n y a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
ta h
h a ru s
pasar
se g e ra
P e rta m a , p e m e rin m e n a ta
ra n ta i
d a g in g , k h u s u s n y a
d a n je ro a n
agar
im p o r.
se g e ra
m in ta a n
n ila i
d a g in g b o k s
In i d im a k s u d k a n
d ik e ta h u i
b e ra p a
p e r-
y a n g d a p a t d ip e n u h i k e m a m -
p u a n p ro d u k s i d a la m n e g e ri. S e la in itu ,
p e n a ta a n
daya
s e la -
p e n y e b a b u ta m a te r-
ja d in y a im p o r d a g in g ile g a l y a n g h a n y a
m e n g u n tu n g k a n
s e g e lin tir o ra n g . P a d a -
h a l, d a m p a k n y a
n e g e ri in i a k a n m a s u k
k e p a d a p e ra n g k a p
pangan, khususnya
p a n g a n a s a l d a g i n g s a p i . ***
p a s a r in i a k a n m e n c ip ta k a n
s a in g
m e s tik
m a in i m e ru p a k a n
p ro d u k si
te rh a d a p
d a g in g
se ra n g a n
sapi do-
k o m o d ita s
d a g in g im p o r. T h ju a n s e s u n g g u h n y a ~
Penulis, dosen Fapet Unpad, Lembaga Studi Pembangunan Petemakan
Indonesia.
o Senin o Selasa
o Rabu
•
1SRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Q) 4
2
5
6
7
8
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
OJan
•
OPeb
Mar
OApr
OMei
o Jumat
Kamis
9
OJun
o Sablu o Minggu
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
OJul
OAgs
OSep
OOkt
ONov
ODes
T e rk e n d a la
S w asem b ad a
Im p or
D egal
O le h R O C H A D I T A W A F
A G I -lA G I
L
.
pa
m e n u n ju k k a n
77
n a s i te rn a k b e tin a y a n g
g in g ile g a l ta n -
m asuk
J aw a
B a ra t
c u k u p tin g g i. A rtin y a ,
S u ra t
P e rs e tu ju a n
P em asukan
p o p u la s i
(S P P ) d a ri
te rn a k
akan
jik a
yang
K e m e n te ria n P e rta n ia n ,
m e n in g k a t
te rta n g k a p
d im a s u k k a n
M e n te ri
ta n g a n o le h
K euangan
d i P e la b u h a n
P rio k p a d a
a d a la h
RI
2009,
ra n g . S e m u a n y a
cukup
yang
kan
pada
dan
2005
te rk e n d a la im p o r d a g in g ile g a l.
2010
B e rd a sa rk a n
Ja w a B a ra t
p e n e litia n
p e n u lis
p e n in g k a ta n
(2 0 1 0 ),
sebab
a d a la h
M em ang
c u k u p m e n g k h a w a tir-
d a g in g
s a p i y a n g d ic a n a n g k a n
re n d a h
d ih itu n g
p o te n s in y a .
m em -
p ro g ra m
sw asem bada
k e te rs e d ia a n
p a k a n . D a la m k a s u s in i
2001,
dan seka-
b u k tik a n
la in n y a
a d a la h
K e ja d ia n
s e p e rti itu b e ru la n g k a li
2004,
b e tin a ,
F a k to r
9 F e b ru a ri
te rja d i, y a itu p a d a
ke Jabar
te rn a k
b u k a n n y a ja n ta n .
T a n ju n g
la lu .
2011
d o m i-
da-
k o n ta in e r
d e ru n g a n
k a re n a
k e te rs e d ia a n n y a
B a ra t te ru s m e n u ru n .
di
popu-
n in g k a ta n
kecendi
Jaw a.
S e la n ju tn y a , p e -
p o p u la s i te rn a k
m e la lu i k e -
la h ira n re la tif p a lin g re n d a h , d is e b a b k a n
la s i s a p i s a n g a t d ip e n g a ru h i h a rg a d a g -
tin g k a t
in g
d a m p a k la n g s u n g te rh a d a p
pem angku
(stakeholder)
s a p i p o to n g
( 3 8 ,7
p e rse n ),
p e rm in ta a n
( 2 5 ,5
p e rse n ), p e m a su k a n
s a p i ( 1 8 ,8 p e r s e n ) ,
k e te rs e d ia a n
( 1 5 ,9
k e la h ira n
pakan
te rn a k
in i m e n g g u n a k a n
ma
15
p e rse n ), d a n
(7 p e rs e n ). P e n e litia n
d a ta
time siries
ta h u n , m e n g in d ik a s ik a n
fa k to r d o m in a n
s e la -
bahw a
y a n g b e rp e n g a ru h
k e la h ira n
k e p e n tin g a n
tid a k
m e m b e rik a n
d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n fa k to r la in n y a .
S e m e n ta ra itu , p ro g ra m a k s i s w a s e m b a d a d a g in g n a s io n a l y a n g d iu ru s
pe-
m e rin ta h
hal
le b ih
d ia ra h k a n
kepada
te r-
y a n g b e rs ifa t te k n is , y a itu p e n in g k a ta n
h a d a p p e n in g k a ta n p o p u la s i a d a la h h a r-
p o p u la s i m e la lu i u p a y a m e n in g k a tk a n
g a d a g in g . H a rg a d a g in g ib a ra t lo k o m o -
p ro d u k s i a ta u k e la h ira n .
tif y a n g a k a n m a m p u m e ra n g s a n g p e te rn a k b e ru s a h a te rn a k k a re n a m e n g u n -
y a n g m e m b e rik a n
tu n g k a n
m u ra h h a rg a n y a
a ta u m e n g h e n tik a n
usahanya
dengan
b e rb a g a i
b e rik u t
a d a la h
p e rm in ta a n
m e m b ia rk a n
upaya
agar
d i tin g k a t k o n s u m e n .
C e la k a n y a , p e m e rin ta h
k a re n a m e ru g i.
F a k to r
d ite k a n
H a rg a d a g in g
p e n g a ru h k u a t s e la lu
d a g in g
tid a k k u a s a d a n
box import
m asuk
k o n s u m e n tin g g i a ta u re n d a h . B e s a r k e -
k e p a s a r tra d is io n a l
s e h in g g a m e n d is -
c iln y a p e rm in ta a n
to rs i
P a d a h a l,
te rn a k
m e la k u k a n
usahanya.
a k a n m e n d o ro n g p e p e n in g k a ta n
S e m e n ta ra
pem asukan
s k a la
te r-
n a k y a n g d im a k s u d d a la m p e n e litia n in i
K lip in g
H um as
h a rg a
d a g in g .
sa sa ra n
s e s u n g g u h n y a p a n g s a p a s a r d a g in g b o k s
in i a d a la h in d u s tri
processing
d a g in g ,
p a s a r in s titu s i, h o te l, d a n re s to ra n .
(ln p a d
2011
r
A k ib a tn y a , p e te m a k
tid a k b e rg a ira h
n a ta a n
pasar
in i a d a la h
la g i d a la m m e la k u k a n u s a h a te m a k n y a .
ja w a b
L ih a t s a ja d a m p a k n y a
tu k a n p e n in g k a ta n
b u la n
te ra k h ir
d a la m
b e b e ra p a
in i, te la h te rja d i p e m o -
p e n g a ru h
h a rg a
u n tu k
sangat
p o p u la s i te m a k .
K e d u a , p e m b e rla k u a n
S P P d ite ra k a n
certificate of health.
to n g a n b e tin a p ro d u k tif d i e m p a t ru m a h
ju g a d a la m
p e m o to n g a n
in i te rja d i
s ila n g p e n d a p a t
m e n te ria n
P e rd a g a n g a n
hew an
(R P H ) K o ta B a n -
d u n g y a n g m e m p rih a tin k a n ,
ta r
81
pada
y a itu s e k i-
p e rs e n (u ji p e tik s e la m a s e m in g g u
ria n
F e b ru a ri
m e n te ria n
H a l itu
2 0 1 1 ).
sebagai
P e rta n ia n .
d a m p a k tid a k n a ik n y a h a rg a d a g in g S e -
lu k a n k e b e ra d a a n
a d a p ilih a n
k ira n y a
n g u s a h a ja g a l
d a la m m e n c a ri h a rg a d a -
la in b a g i p e -
S e la m a
a n ta ra
K e-
d a n K e m e n te -
D a la m
a tu ra n
P e rd a g a n g a n
h in g g a tid a k
m en-
m enen-
tid a k
K ed ip e r-
S P P . O le h k a re n a itu ,
K e m e n te ria n
m e n y e rta k a n n y a
P e rta n ia n
dapat
certificate of
d a la m
g in g y a n g k o m p e titif. H a rg a s a p i b e tin a
health
ja u h le b ih m u ra h k e tim b a n g h a rg a s a p i
im p o r d a g in g s a p i. D e n g a n c a ra s e p e rti
ja n ta n a ta u p u n s a p i e k s im p o r. P a d a h a l,
in i, k e w e n a n g a n
k ita
g a n g a n tid a k a k a n a d a m a s a la h , k a re n a
sem ua
m em aham i
bahw a
pem o-
to n g a n b e tin a p ro d u k tif d ila ra n g d a la m
U n d a n g -U n d a n g
P e te rn a k a n
N o.
dan
1 8 /2 0 0 9
K e s e h a ta n
P a s a l 8 6 a y a t b m e n y e b u tk a n ,
y a n g m e ru p a k a n
h a l te rs e b u t
p ra sy a ra t
K e m e n te ria n
m em ang
P e rd a -
k e p e rlu a n
d a la m
bagi
te n ta n g
K e m e n te ria n
H ew an.
m e lin d u n g i p e te rn a k d i d a la m n e g e ri.
''T e m a k
P e rta n ia n
a ta s
ra n g k a
trans
K e tig a , tid a k d ip e rk e n a n k a n n y a
ru m in a n s ia b e s a r b e tin a p ro d u k tif s e b a -
shipment
g a im a n a d im a k s u d d a la m P a s a l ifl a y a t
p o r d a ri n e g a ra e k s p o rtir. H a l itu u n tu k
(2 ) d ip id a n a
m encegah
dengan
p id a n a
k u ru n g a n
d a la m p e n g irim a n
p e n u la ra n
d a g in g im -
p e n y a k it
hew an
p a lin g s in g k a t 3 (tig a ) b u la n d a n p a lin g
m e n u la r
la m a 9 (s e m b ila n ) b u la n d a n /a ta u
k a re n a w ila y a h te rs e b u t b e lu m te rb e b a s
d a p a lin g s e d ik it R p .
m a ju ta
5 · 0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
den(li-
ru p ia h ) d a n p a lin g b a n y a k R p .
(d u a p u lu h lim a ju ta
2 5 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0
p ia h )" . A k a n te ta p i p e ra tu ra n
ru -
in i tid a k
d ija la n k a n p e m e rin ta h .
O le h
k a re n a
itu ,
p e n y a k it s e p e rti In d o n e s ia .
K e e m p a t, m e la k u k a n p e rin c ia n s e d e ta il m u n g k in
p e m e rin ta h
s e riu s m e n y u k s e s k a n p ro g ra m
sw asem -
HS number
te n ta n g
da-
g in g , y a n g s e la m a in i tid a k s e rin c i a ta u
sesuai
jik a
d a ri lo k a s i y a n g d ila lu i k a p a l
HS number
dengan
n e g a ra
p e n g e k s p o r d a g in g .
K e lim a , d ip ro s e s s e c a ra h u k u m
bagi
b a d a d a g in g n a s io n a l, a d a h a l-h a l y a n g
p e la k u im p o r d a g in g ile g a l a g a r a d a e fe k
h a ru s d ip e rh a tik a n .
je ra . L e m a h n y a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
ta h
h a ru s
pasar
se g e ra
P e rta m a , p e m e rin m e n a ta
ra n ta i
d a g in g , k h u s u s n y a
d a n je ro a n
agar
im p o r.
se g e ra
m in ta a n
n ila i
d a g in g b o k s
In i d im a k s u d k a n
d ik e ta h u i
b e ra p a
p e r-
y a n g d a p a t d ip e n u h i k e m a m -
p u a n p ro d u k s i d a la m n e g e ri. S e la in itu ,
p e n a ta a n
daya
s e la -
p e n y e b a b u ta m a te r-
ja d in y a im p o r d a g in g ile g a l y a n g h a n y a
m e n g u n tu n g k a n
s e g e lin tir o ra n g . P a d a -
h a l, d a m p a k n y a
n e g e ri in i a k a n m a s u k
k e p a d a p e ra n g k a p
pangan, khususnya
p a n g a n a s a l d a g i n g s a p i . ***
p a s a r in i a k a n m e n c ip ta k a n
s a in g
m e s tik
m a in i m e ru p a k a n
p ro d u k si
te rh a d a p
d a g in g
se ra n g a n
sapi do-
k o m o d ita s
d a g in g im p o r. T h ju a n s e s u n g g u h n y a ~
Penulis, dosen Fapet Unpad, Lembaga Studi Pembangunan Petemakan
Indonesia.