t mtk 1006945 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................
xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LatarBelakangMasalah ...............................................................
1
B. RumusanMasalah .......................................................................
10
C. TujuanPenelitian.........................................................................
11
D. ManfaatPenelitian.......................................................................
12
E. DefinisiOperasional ....................................................................
12
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. GeneralisasiMatematis ...............................................................
14
B. MetodePenemuanTerbimbing ....................................................
18
C. TeoriBelajar yang MelandasiMetodePenemuanTerbimbing......
26
D. Penelitian yang Relevan .............................................................
30
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
E. HipotesisPenelitian .....................................................................
31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. DesainPenelitian .........................................................................
33
B. PopulasidanSampelPenelitian.....................................................
34
C. VariabelPenelitian ......................................................................
35
D. PengembanganInstrumenPenelitian ...........................................
36
1. BentukTes ...............................................................................
36
2. AnalisisValiditas .....................................................................
37
a. ValiditasLogis ....................................................................
37
b. ValiditasEmpiris.................................................................
38
3.AnalisisReliabilitas ..................................................................
40
4.AnalisisDayaPembeda .............................................................
41
5.Analisis Tingkat KesukaranSoal ..............................................
44
6.SkalaSikap ...............................................................................
46
7.LembarObservasi .....................................................................
47
E. PengembanganBahan Ajar .........................................................
47
F. TeknikPengumpulan Data .........................................................
48
G. TeknikAnalisis Data ...................................................................
49
1. Data HasilTesKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis ...............
49
2. Data HasilAngketSkalaSikapSiswa ......................................
56
H. ProsedurPenelitian ......................................................................
56
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. HasilPenelitian ............................................................................
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
59
1. KemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis .....................................
59
a. TesAwal (Pretes) KemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis ..
62
b. PeningkatanKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis
Siswa ..............................................................................
64
c. AnalisisVarians Gain
TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis .......
69
d. Level GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa................................
73
2. SikapSiswaterhadapMatematika ..........................................
74
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................
83
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan.................................................................................
95
B. Saran ..........................................................................................
96
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................
98
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN:
A. Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................
B. Analisis
Hasil
Uji
Coba
Tes
102
Kemampuan
Generalisasi Matematis ..............................................................
198
C. Analisis Data Hasil Penelitian ....................................................
204
D. Analisis Data Skala Sikap dan Observasi ..................................
216
E. Dokumentasi Penelitian ..............................................................
224
RIWAYAT HIDUP ..........................................................................................
228
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
..................................................................................................................... Halaman
Tabel 3.1 PedomanPenskoranKemampuanGeneralisasi
Matematis ......................................................................................
37
Tabel 3.2 KlasifikasiKoefisienKorelasi ........................................................
39
Tabel 3.3 RekapitulasiUjiValiditasTesGeneralisasiMatematis .....................
40
Tabel 3.4 KlasifikasiDerajatReliabilitas........................................................
41
Tabel 3.5 KlasifikasiNilaiDayaPembeda ......................................................
43
Tabel 3.6 DayaPembedaTesGeneralisasiMatematis .....................................
43
Tabel 3.7 Kriteria Tingkat Kesukaran ...........................................................
44
Tabel 3.8 Tingkat KesukaranButirSoalGeneralisasiMatematis ....................
50
Tabel 3.9 Klasifikasi Gain ............................................................................
54
Tabel 4.1 RekapitulasiHasilPretesdanPostesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
60
Tabel 4.2 HasilUjiNormalitasSkorPretesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
62
Tabel 4.3 HasilUjiKesamaanRerataPretesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
64
Tabel 4.4 StatistikDeskriptifPeningkatanKemampuannGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
65
Tabel 4.5 HasilUjiNormalitas Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
66
Tabel 4.6 HasilUjiHomogenitasVarians Gain TernormalisasiKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa .........................................................
66
Tabel 4.7 HasilUjiPerbedaanRerata Gain TernormalisasiKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa .........................................................
68
Tabel 4.8 Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematisKelas
EksperimenBerdasarkanKategoriKemampuanSiswa ....................
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
69
Tabel 4.9 ANOVA Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis
BerdasarkanKategoriKemampuanSiswa .......................................
71
Tabel 4.10 PerbedaanRerataKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematisBerdasarkan
KategoriKemampuanSiswa ...........................................................
72
Tabel 4.11 Rata-rata CapaianuntukSetiapIndikatorKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematis ..................................................................
74
Tabel 4.12 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapPelajaranMatematika .............
75
Tabel 4.13 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapMetodePenemuan
Terbimbing ....................................................................................
77
Tabel 4.14 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapSoal-soalGeneralisasi
Matematis ......................................................................................
Tabel 4.15 DistribusiHasilObservasiAktivitas Guru dalamPembelajaran…81
Tabel 4.16 DistribusiHasilObservasiAktivitasSiswadalamPembelajaran.. . 82
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
79
DAFTAR GAMBAR
..........................................................................................................
Halaman
Gambar 3.1
Alur Kegiatan Penelitian ..........................................................
Gambar 4.1
Diagram Batang Perbandingan Rataan Pretes dan Postes
58
Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa ............................
61
Gambar 4.2
Sebagian Jawaban Siswa ..........................................................
87
Gambar 4.3
Jawaban Siswa Kelompok Tinggi ............................................
88
Gambar 4.4
Jawaban Siswa kelompok Sedang ............................................
88
Gambar 4.5
Jawaban Siswa Kelompok Rendah ..........................................
89
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
.......................................................................................................... Halaman
LAMPIRAN A: INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ......................................
102
A.1 Silabus dan RPP .......................................................................
103
A.2 Bahan Ajar ...............................................................................
146
A.3 Kisi-kisi Soal dan Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ..
183
A.4 Kunci Jawaban Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ......
188
A.5 Kisi-kisi dan Angket Skala Sikap Siswa ..................................
193
A.6 Lembar Observasi Kegiatan Guru dan Siswa ..........................
196
LAMPIRAN B: ANALISIS HASIL UJI COBA TES MATEMATIKA
198
B.1 Skor Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ........
199
B.2 Perhitungan Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi
Matematis ..................................................................................
200
LAMPIRAN C: ANALISIS DATA HASIL PENELITIAN ...................
204
C.1 Data Hasil Pretes ......................................................................
205
C.2 Data Hasil Postes ......................................................................
207
C.3 Data Gain Ternormalisasi.........................................................
209
C.4 Analisis Data Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis .........
211
LAMPIRAN D: ANALISIS DATA SKALA SIKAP DAN
OBSERVASI ................................................................
216
D.1 Data Skala Sikap Kelas Eksperimen ........................................
217
D.2 Penyekoran Skala Sikap ...........................................................
218
D.3 Pengolahan Skala Sikap ...........................................................
219
D.3 Hasil Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................
222
LAMPIRAN E: DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN ................................
224
E.1 Foto-foto pada Saat Pembelajaran ............................................
225
E.2 Surat Keterangan dan Izin Penelitian .......................................
226
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
Halaman
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................
xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LatarBelakangMasalah ...............................................................
1
B. RumusanMasalah .......................................................................
10
C. TujuanPenelitian.........................................................................
11
D. ManfaatPenelitian.......................................................................
12
E. DefinisiOperasional ....................................................................
12
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. GeneralisasiMatematis ...............................................................
14
B. MetodePenemuanTerbimbing ....................................................
18
C. TeoriBelajar yang MelandasiMetodePenemuanTerbimbing......
26
D. Penelitian yang Relevan .............................................................
30
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
E. HipotesisPenelitian .....................................................................
31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. DesainPenelitian .........................................................................
33
B. PopulasidanSampelPenelitian.....................................................
34
C. VariabelPenelitian ......................................................................
35
D. PengembanganInstrumenPenelitian ...........................................
36
1. BentukTes ...............................................................................
36
2. AnalisisValiditas .....................................................................
37
a. ValiditasLogis ....................................................................
37
b. ValiditasEmpiris.................................................................
38
3.AnalisisReliabilitas ..................................................................
40
4.AnalisisDayaPembeda .............................................................
41
5.Analisis Tingkat KesukaranSoal ..............................................
44
6.SkalaSikap ...............................................................................
46
7.LembarObservasi .....................................................................
47
E. PengembanganBahan Ajar .........................................................
47
F. TeknikPengumpulan Data .........................................................
48
G. TeknikAnalisis Data ...................................................................
49
1. Data HasilTesKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis ...............
49
2. Data HasilAngketSkalaSikapSiswa ......................................
56
H. ProsedurPenelitian ......................................................................
56
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. HasilPenelitian ............................................................................
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
59
1. KemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis .....................................
59
a. TesAwal (Pretes) KemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis ..
62
b. PeningkatanKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis
Siswa ..............................................................................
64
c. AnalisisVarians Gain
TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis .......
69
d. Level GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa................................
73
2. SikapSiswaterhadapMatematika ..........................................
74
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................
83
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan.................................................................................
95
B. Saran ..........................................................................................
96
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................
98
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN:
A. Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................
B. Analisis
Hasil
Uji
Coba
Tes
102
Kemampuan
Generalisasi Matematis ..............................................................
198
C. Analisis Data Hasil Penelitian ....................................................
204
D. Analisis Data Skala Sikap dan Observasi ..................................
216
E. Dokumentasi Penelitian ..............................................................
224
RIWAYAT HIDUP ..........................................................................................
228
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
..................................................................................................................... Halaman
Tabel 3.1 PedomanPenskoranKemampuanGeneralisasi
Matematis ......................................................................................
37
Tabel 3.2 KlasifikasiKoefisienKorelasi ........................................................
39
Tabel 3.3 RekapitulasiUjiValiditasTesGeneralisasiMatematis .....................
40
Tabel 3.4 KlasifikasiDerajatReliabilitas........................................................
41
Tabel 3.5 KlasifikasiNilaiDayaPembeda ......................................................
43
Tabel 3.6 DayaPembedaTesGeneralisasiMatematis .....................................
43
Tabel 3.7 Kriteria Tingkat Kesukaran ...........................................................
44
Tabel 3.8 Tingkat KesukaranButirSoalGeneralisasiMatematis ....................
50
Tabel 3.9 Klasifikasi Gain ............................................................................
54
Tabel 4.1 RekapitulasiHasilPretesdanPostesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
60
Tabel 4.2 HasilUjiNormalitasSkorPretesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
62
Tabel 4.3 HasilUjiKesamaanRerataPretesKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
64
Tabel 4.4 StatistikDeskriptifPeningkatanKemampuannGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
65
Tabel 4.5 HasilUjiNormalitas Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasi
MatematisSiswa ............................................................................
66
Tabel 4.6 HasilUjiHomogenitasVarians Gain TernormalisasiKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa .........................................................
66
Tabel 4.7 HasilUjiPerbedaanRerata Gain TernormalisasiKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematisSiswa .........................................................
68
Tabel 4.8 Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematisKelas
EksperimenBerdasarkanKategoriKemampuanSiswa ....................
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
69
Tabel 4.9 ANOVA Gain TernormalisasiKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematis
BerdasarkanKategoriKemampuanSiswa .......................................
71
Tabel 4.10 PerbedaanRerataKemampuanGeneralisasiMatematisBerdasarkan
KategoriKemampuanSiswa ...........................................................
72
Tabel 4.11 Rata-rata CapaianuntukSetiapIndikatorKemampuan
GeneralisasiMatematis ..................................................................
74
Tabel 4.12 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapPelajaranMatematika .............
75
Tabel 4.13 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapMetodePenemuan
Terbimbing ....................................................................................
77
Tabel 4.14 DistribusiSkorSikapSiswaterhadapSoal-soalGeneralisasi
Matematis ......................................................................................
Tabel 4.15 DistribusiHasilObservasiAktivitas Guru dalamPembelajaran…81
Tabel 4.16 DistribusiHasilObservasiAktivitasSiswadalamPembelajaran.. . 82
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
79
DAFTAR GAMBAR
..........................................................................................................
Halaman
Gambar 3.1
Alur Kegiatan Penelitian ..........................................................
Gambar 4.1
Diagram Batang Perbandingan Rataan Pretes dan Postes
58
Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa ............................
61
Gambar 4.2
Sebagian Jawaban Siswa ..........................................................
87
Gambar 4.3
Jawaban Siswa Kelompok Tinggi ............................................
88
Gambar 4.4
Jawaban Siswa kelompok Sedang ............................................
88
Gambar 4.5
Jawaban Siswa Kelompok Rendah ..........................................
89
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
.......................................................................................................... Halaman
LAMPIRAN A: INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ......................................
102
A.1 Silabus dan RPP .......................................................................
103
A.2 Bahan Ajar ...............................................................................
146
A.3 Kisi-kisi Soal dan Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ..
183
A.4 Kunci Jawaban Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ......
188
A.5 Kisi-kisi dan Angket Skala Sikap Siswa ..................................
193
A.6 Lembar Observasi Kegiatan Guru dan Siswa ..........................
196
LAMPIRAN B: ANALISIS HASIL UJI COBA TES MATEMATIKA
198
B.1 Skor Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis ........
199
B.2 Perhitungan Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi
Matematis ..................................................................................
200
LAMPIRAN C: ANALISIS DATA HASIL PENELITIAN ...................
204
C.1 Data Hasil Pretes ......................................................................
205
C.2 Data Hasil Postes ......................................................................
207
C.3 Data Gain Ternormalisasi.........................................................
209
C.4 Analisis Data Tes Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis .........
211
LAMPIRAN D: ANALISIS DATA SKALA SIKAP DAN
OBSERVASI ................................................................
216
D.1 Data Skala Sikap Kelas Eksperimen ........................................
217
D.2 Penyekoran Skala Sikap ...........................................................
218
D.3 Pengolahan Skala Sikap ...........................................................
219
D.3 Hasil Observasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................
222
LAMPIRAN E: DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN ................................
224
E.1 Foto-foto pada Saat Pembelajaran ............................................
225
E.2 Surat Keterangan dan Izin Penelitian .......................................
226
Ira Wulandari, 2013
Peningkatan Kemampuan Generalisasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Metode
Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu